matter and energy in ecosystems
DESCRIPTION
Matter and Energy in Ecosystems. Biotic and Abiotic Factors. All things on Earth fall into one of two categories: Biotic: alive Abiotic: not, and never has been, alive. Thought Question 1. Identify five biotic and five abiotic factors in Edgard . . Carbon. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Matter and Energy in Ecosystems
![Page 2: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
All things on Earth fall into one of two
categories: Biotic: alive Abiotic: not, and never has been, alive
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
![Page 3: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Identify five biotic and five abiotic factors in
Edgard.
Thought Question 1
![Page 4: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Carbon can make long molecular chains and
rings It circulates through the biosphere
Carbon
![Page 5: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
All CO2 is circulated throughout all Earth
spheres constantly
Carbon Dioxide
![Page 6: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
About how much of the Earth’s atmosphere is
CO2?
Thought Question 2
![Page 7: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Enters the
atmosphere through: Cellular respiration Decomposition of
plants Eruption of
volcanoes Human actions,
like burning fossil fuels (coal, gas, oil)
The Carbon Cycle
![Page 8: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Carbon is removed from the atmosphere by:
Plants and bacteria “fix” it into sugar molecules
Carbon Cycle continued
![Page 9: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Draw a picture of diagram of the carbon cycle
on your own paper. Be sure to label each part of your picture.
Thought Question Picture
![Page 10: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Why are scientists concerned about rising
levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide?
Thought Question 3
![Page 11: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Also referred to as the hydrologic cycle It’s driven by the sun’s energy and
temperature differences on Earth
Solar energy and the water cycle
![Page 12: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Essential
component of DNA, RNA and proteins
78% of our atmosphere is gaseous nitrogen, but most organisms cannot use it in this form
The Nitrogen Cycle
![Page 13: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lightning (5-8%)
Fixing nitrogen step 1
![Page 14: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Imagine the beginning of life on Earth. How
important would lightning’s fixation of nitrogen have been at that time as compared with today?
Thought Question 5
![Page 15: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The rest of the usable nitrogen is produced by
nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Most live in the roots of plants called
legumes, like soybeans, clover, alfalfa.
Fixing nitrogen step 2
![Page 16: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Organisms cycle nitrogen through their bodies. Animals expel it with urine, where is
comprises part of ammonia and some proteins.
Fungi and bacteria degrade it so it stays in the soil and plants can use it, called denitrification.
Fixing nitrogen step 3
![Page 18: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Humans can also fix it directly from the
atmosphere using manure.
Nitrogen fixation step 4
![Page 19: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The nitrogen cycle includes nitrogen-fixing
bacteria, plants and animals that use nitrogen compounds; human industrial processes; and bacteria and fungi that convert nitrogenous compounds back into ammonia. Which of these could be eliminated without totally disrupting the nitrogen cycle? Explain your answer.
Thought Question 6
![Page 20: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Where does energy come from?
![Page 21: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
In which organelle does most cellular
respiration take place? Which kingdoms are able to do this (and what
word do we use to describe it)?
Recall Question
![Page 22: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Who’s eating who
Trophic levels
![Page 24: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Explain why the Sun is the ultimate source of
an opossum’s energy?
Thought Question 7
![Page 25: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The basis of any
ecosystem They make their own
food through photosynthesis
Producers
![Page 26: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Just eat the producers
Primary consumers
![Page 27: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Animals that eat
primary consumers
Secondary consumers
![Page 28: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Animals that eat both
primary and secondary consumers
Tertiary consumers
![Page 29: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Think of a grassland ecosystem. Name one
example of a producer, a primary consumer, and a secondary consumer in that ecosystem.
Thought Question 8
![Page 30: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Matter moves in
cycles, but energy moves up the trophic pyramid in one direction.
It also drains as it moves from life form to life form.
The movement of energy
![Page 31: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Only about 10%
of the energy that enters a trophic level is available to the trophic level immediately above it.
Depicted in a trophic pyramid.
The 10% rule
![Page 32: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Suppose that a field of blackberries absorbs
400,000,000 kJ of sunlight. According to the ten percent rule, how much of the original energy is available to…
…mice that eat the berries? …snakes that eat the mice? … owls that eat the snakes?
Thought Question 9
![Page 33: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Explain why a grassland can sustain many
more mice than snakes.
Thought Question 10
![Page 34: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
A food web is a
model that shows energy flow in an ecosystem.
Keys: Arrows points from
an organism to what eats it
It shows that energy is moving from one thing to whatever it’s pointing at
Food webs
![Page 35: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Suppose that
the worms in this ecosystem were to disappear. Describe at least 2 effects that the worm’s disappearance would have on other populations.
Thought Question 11
![Page 36: Matter and Energy in Ecosystems](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/568165fa550346895dd92a35/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Watch the video and complete the trophic
levels pyramid with the animals you see.
Exit Ticket