matter and change

BELLWORKBELLWORK

1.1. What isWhat is matter?matter?

2.2. What is mass and how does it What is mass and how does it compare to weight?compare to weight?

3.3. What word is used to describe What word is used to describe the amount of space an object the amount of space an object

takes up?takes up?

Matter and ChangeMatter and Change

Unit III Properties of MatterUnit III Properties of Matter

1.1. Anything that takes up space Anything that takes up space and has mass.and has mass.

2.2. Weight is a measure of the pull Weight is a measure of the pull of gravity on an object; mass is of gravity on an object; mass is the amount of matter the object the amount of matter the object contains.contains.

3.3. Volume. Volume.


What states of matter are What states of matter are represented in the photograph?represented in the photograph?

What must you do to a What must you do to a substance to change it’s substance to change it’s physical state? physical state?


The mass of an object is the The mass of an object is the amount of matter the object amount of matter the object

contains. A golf ball has a greater contains. A golf ball has a greater mass than a table tennis ball. The mass than a table tennis ball. The golf ball, therefore, contains more golf ball, therefore, contains more

matter.matter.


Materials differ in terms of the kind of Materials differ in terms of the kind of matter they contain.matter they contain.

Table sugar is always 100% sucrose.Table sugar is always 100% sucrose.

It always has the same chemical It always has the same chemical composition. composition.

Matter that has a uniform and definite Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance.composition is called a substance.


Substances contain only one kind Substances contain only one kind of matter.of matter.

Which of these two is a substance?Which of these two is a substance?

H20 or Lemonade?H20 or Lemonade?


All samples of a substance have the All samples of a substance have the same physical properties.same physical properties.

All crystals of sucrose taste sweet All crystals of sucrose taste sweet and dissolve completely in and dissolve completely in

water.water.


A A physical propertyphysical property is a quality is a quality or condition of a substance that or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured can be observed or measured

without changing the without changing the substance’s composition.substance’s composition.


Examples of physical properties Examples of physical properties include:include:

1.- COLOR1.- COLOR

2.- SOLUBILITY2.- SOLUBILITY

3.- ODOR3.- ODOR

4.- HARDNESS4.- HARDNESS


5.- DENSITY5.- DENSITY

6.- MELTING POINT6.- MELTING POINT

7.- BOILING POINT7.- BOILING POINT



Physical properties help chemistsPhysical properties help chemists identify a substance based on their identify a substance based on their characteristics.characteristics.

Which substance is this?Which substance is this? “ “Colorless liquid that boils at 100 Colorless liquid that boils at 100 ˚C and melts at 0 ˚C” ???????˚C and melts at 0 ˚C” ???????

“ “Colorless liquid that boils at 78 ˚C Colorless liquid that boils at 78 ˚C and melts at -117 ˚C” ???????and melts at -117 ˚C” ???????


Important properties of the States of MatterImportant properties of the States of Matter

PropertyProperty Solid Solid LiquidLiquid Gas or Gas or vaporvapor

ShapeShape DefiniteDefinite IndefiniteIndefinite IndefiniteIndefinite

VolumeVolume DefiniteDefinite DefiniteDefinite IndefiniteIndefinite

Expansion Expansion on heatingon heating Very slightVery slight ModerateModerate GreatGreat

Compressi-Compressi-bilitybility

Almost Almost incompre-incompre-ssiblessible

Almost Almost incompre-incompre-ssiblessible

Readily Readily compressiblcompressiblee


SOLIDSSOLIDS Coal, sugar, ice and iron.Coal, sugar, ice and iron. Definite shape and volume.Definite shape and volume. The shape doesn’t depend on the The shape doesn’t depend on the

shape of their container.shape of their container. The particles are packed tightly The particles are packed tightly

together, they are almost together, they are almost incompressible.incompressible.

Solids expand only lightly when Solids expand only lightly when heatedheated


LIQUIDSLIQUIDS Water, milk and blood.Water, milk and blood. Takes the shape of their container Takes the shape of their container

(flows).(flows). Particles are packed closely together, but Particles are packed closely together, but

not rigidly packed. not rigidly packed. The volume that a liquid occupies is The volume that a liquid occupies is

always constant, no matter what shape it always constant, no matter what shape it takes.takes.

Almost incompressible, with a tendency Almost incompressible, with a tendency to expand when heated.to expand when heated.


GASESGASES Takes the shape and form of their Takes the shape and form of their

container (flowable).container (flowable). Particles are spaced far apart. Particles are spaced far apart. Gases expand without limit to fill any Gases expand without limit to fill any

space.space. Gases are easily compressed.Gases are easily compressed.


VAPORVAPOR The gaseous state of a substance that The gaseous state of a substance that

is generally a liquid or solid at room is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature.temperature.

Steam (the gaseous state of matter) Steam (the gaseous state of matter) is referred to as a vapor because is referred to as a vapor because water is a liquid at room temperature. water is a liquid at room temperature.

Moist air contains water vapor.Moist air contains water vapor.


PHYSICAL CHANGEPHYSICAL CHANGE

A type of change that alters a A type of change that alters a given material without changing given material without changing it’s chemical composition.it’s chemical composition.

Examples include: cutting, Examples include: cutting, grinding, bending, the melting of grinding, bending, the melting of the metal gallium, the freezing of the metal gallium, the freezing of water and the condensation of water and the condensation of steam to water. steam to water.


PHYSICAL CHANGEPHYSICAL CHANGE

Other verbs or actions related to Other verbs or actions related to physical changes include: boil, physical changes include: boil, freeze, dissolve, melt, condense, freeze, dissolve, melt, condense, break, split, crack, grind, cut, crush break, split, crack, grind, cut, crush and bend.and bend.

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