Chapter 8 Lesson 1 Matter

What is matter made of ?

Matter - anything that has mass and takes up space

Element - a material that cannot be broken down into anything simpler

Element Classification

Three classes of elements:

1. metals

2. nonmetals

3. metalloids

Metalsshiny

conduct heat and electricity

bend easily

Nonmetalsdull

poor conductors of heat and electricity

brittle

Metalloidshave some properties of metals and nonmetals

AtomsAtom - smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element

Inside atomsproton - particle with a positive electrical charge

atomic number - number of protons

neutron - a particle with no electrical charge

electrons - small particles with a negative electrical charge

atomic mass - protons and neutrons added together

Critical Thinking

1. When two elements combine to form a new substance, is the new substance an element? Why or Why not?

2. Why are atoms considered building blocks?

What are compounds?compound- forms when two or more elements combine.

Salt - NaCl

Rust - Fe2O3

Molecule

molecules of alcohol

forms when two or more atoms join together and share electrons

Critical Thinking1. What is the minimum number of elements that must combine to form a compound?

2. Why do you think that compounds have chemical names and common names?

The Periodic Tablean arrangement of elements from smallest to largest atomic weight

Dmitri Mendeleev made the first periodic table in 1869.

The Periodic Table

Critical Thinking1. What does a property mean?

2. What properties are used to classify elements?

3. How many more protons are there in a chlorine atom than in an oxygen atom?

What forms can matter have?

solid - particles have little room to move

definite shape & definite volume

liquid - particles are close together but can flow past each other

takes the shape of their container & definite volume

gas - particles are not close together. They move past each other easily - no definite shape or volume

plasma - super-heated gas that releases electrons

Plasma

The heat from the sun causes hydrogen and helium to release electrons. The sun is a huge

ball of plasma.

Solid, Liquid, and Gas

Critical Thinking

1. What is it called when a solid turns into a liquid?

2. What is it called when a liquid turns into a gas?

3. What is it called when a gas turns back into a liquid?

4. What is an example of this?

Critical Thinking

5. What would happen to the particles in each state if you tried to squeeze them?

6. What are some classroom examples of the states of matter?