COGNITIVE SCIENCE AT A BRIEF...

Matrissya Hermita

COGNITIVE SCIENCE??

Cognitive science is the science of mind and behavior.

Of or pertaining to cognition, or to the action or process of knowing (OED)

Understanding knowledge acquisition and use is the key to understanding the mind.

So what is cognitive science?

Cognitive science is a scientific study of the mind with special emphasis on the use and acquisition of knowledge and information.

Implications An inter-disciplinary approach – Many

scientific disciplines contribute to cognitive science.

A computational approach – Explain information processing in terms of neural computations.

Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence, embracing philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology.

how is the nature of the human mind?

“… seeks to understand perceiving, thinking, remembering, understanding language, learning, and other mental phenomena.”

“… a basic science it seeks to discover highly general and explanatory fundamental principles of information processing.”

…..Information processing everywhere Perception acquiring real-time information about the surrounding

environment.

Language use making use of information about syntax, semantics and

phonology.

Reasoning combining different sources of information, deriving new

information, testing consistency of information, etc.

Action making use of information in action planning and guidance.

Memory storing and retrieving information

This is one reason why cognitive science is inter-disciplinary….

Why there was no cognitive science

They didn’t think that knowledge is the key. Perhaps it is a special substance? (Dualism) Perhaps it is stimulus-response?

(Behaviorism)

They didn’t know about computers. Small stupid steps combine to do difficult

things.

A useful short history:http://ls.berkeley.edu/ugis/cogsci/major/about.php

Usaha untuk memahami kerja dari alam berfikir manusia (MIND) sudah dimulai :

sejak zaman Yunani Plato dan Aritoteles the nature of human knowledge

FILSAFAT

Abad –19 W.Wundt Laboratorium untuk mempelajari

mental operations PSIKOLOGI EKSPERIMEN

J.B. Watson meninjau dari hubungan S -- R BEHAVIORISM

TIDAK menerima aspek kesadaran (consciousness) dan representasi mental

Pertengahan 1950

John Mc.Carthy, ArtificialMarvin Minsky, IntelligenceAllen Newell, Herbert Simon

Tahun 1956

Simposium MIT

Miller Memory

Noam Chomsky Linguist Kognitif Sains

Lahir sekitar tahun 1970

What is special about cognitive science?

Focuses on knowledge and information as the key to understanding the mind. Interdisciplinary Computational approach Special relevance to IT and AI Individualistic Multi-level explanations

Social psychology

Educational psychology

Psychology Cognitive science

INTERDISCIPLINARY approach

Division of labour Psychology – cognitive psychology,

developmental psychology.. Linguistics – syntax, semantics,

phonology … Neuroscience – brain structures,

localization … Computer science – AI, computer models

… Philosophy – theoretical foundations …

…Summary

Cognitive science is an inter-disciplinary science of mind and behavior.

The computational approach : using computations and representations to explain mental processes.

Three levels of descriptions. Coming up next: language as an

example.

.... to be continued …