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CARBONYL

COMPOUNDS

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Objective

Describe aldehydes and ketones.

Draw the structure and name the

compound according to IUPAC

nomenclature and common names.

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I!"ODUC!IO

#unctional group$ carbonyl% C&O

'eneral (ormula$ Cn)

*nO

Aldehyde + ,etone are isomeric

Carbonyl compounds are polar

In general% an aldehyde - reactive than ketone

towards nucleophilic addition reaction

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I!"ODUC!IO AD/)0D/

" & alkyl% aryl 1 )

,/!O/

" + "2 & alkyl% aryl

C

O

R H

C

O

R R

34

35

34

35

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aming o( Aldehyde

Aldehyde is named by substituting the letter6eo(

the corresponding alkane with 6al

7asic name depends on the longest chain with6C)O group

!he chain must be numbered by starting with

6C)O group as C58

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aming o( Aldehyde

9tructure IUPAC name 'eneral name

)5C5)

methanal (ormaldehyde

C):5C5)

ethanal acetyldehyde

C):C)*5C5)propanal propionaldehyde

O

O

O

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aming o( Aldehyde9tructure IUPAC name 'eneral name

C):C)*C)*5C5)

butanal n5butyraldehyde

C):;C)*

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aming o( Aldehyde

O

C)*C5)

Phenylethanal

(phenylacetyldehyde)

CH2=CHCH2C-H

O

3-butenal

CH3CHCHC-H

O

OH

H3C-H2C

2-ethyl-3-hydroxybutanal

4 3 2 1

4 3 2 1

2 1

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aming o( ,etone9tructure IUPAC name 'eneral name

C):CC):

propanone acetone

;dimethyl ketone