SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

FOUNDATION IN NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTS

GROUP MEMBERS: LEE JO YEE (0314880),

KHOR SEEM LENG (0315208),

KIMBERLEY EE SZE ANN (0315319),

DANIESH ASHIK (0315256),

LIEW YONG SHENG (0315108),

PENG YIAP SENG (0315359).

MATHEMATICS (MATH0103)

LECTURER: ANN SEE PENG

SUBMISSION DATE: 24/1/2014

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Table of Contents

Title Page Number

Contents 1

Introduction 2

Objectives 3

Methodology 4

Survey forms

Analysis 5

Conclusion 20

1

Introduction

The study examined the idealism of teenagers. Two hundred participants were given separate

questionnaire forms based on their sex that is, one hundred questionnaires for males and one

hundred questionnaires for females.

The purpose of the survey was to identify male and female teenagers’ ideal concept of

themselves and also their ideal concept of the opposite sex. The questions asked were strictly

based on physical appearance only.

In order to discover the participants ideal concept of themselves, they are first asked to answer

their current weight, height, sex, body shape hair style, eye colour and hair colour. Later, they are

asked to answer their ideal weight, height, sex, body shape, hair style, eye colour and hair colour.

Finally, in order to discover participants ideal concept of the opposite sex, they are asked to

answer the ideal weight, height, sex, body shape, hair style, eye colour and hair colour they

expect in the opposite sex.

2

Objectives

To identify male teenager’s ideal concept of themselves ( ideal weight, height, sex, body

shape, hair style, eye colour and hair colour).

To identify female teenagers ideal concept of themselves ( ideal weight, height, sex, body

shape, hair style, eye colour and hair colour).

To identify male teenagers ideal concept of the opposite sex ( ideal weight, height, sex,

body shape, hair style, eye colour and hair colour).

To identify female teenagers ideal concepf of the opposite sex( ideal weight, height, sex,

body shape, hair style, eye colour and hair colour).

3

Methodology

Two hundred university students participated in this study. One hundred participants

were male and the other hudred were female. The survey was carried out in Taylor’s

University Lakeside Campus.

Giving out survey forms in the classroom.

A participant filling in a survey form.

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Analysis

Analysis of Male Participants

Question 1: Current Weight

31-45 46-60 61-85 86-1000

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Current Weight of Male Participants

Male

Weight (kg)

Fre

quen

cy

Based on the graph above, the best measure of central tendency to be used is mean. The reason for this is because the data are roughly symmetric and have no outliers.

Calculation of mean:

Weight (kg) Frequency (f)

Midpoint (x)

fx

31-45 0 38 046-60 34 53 146261-85 58 73 423486-100 8 93 744

∑f=100 ∑fx=6440

Mean = ∑fx/∑f = 6440/100 = 64.4kg

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Question 2: Ideal Weight

31-45 46-60 61-85 86-100 Others0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Ideal Weight of Male Participants

Male

Weight (kg)

Fre

quen

cy

Based on the graph above, the median is the best measure of central tendency because the data are very skew. A large number of outliers exist.

Calculation of median:

Weight (kg) Frequency Cumulative Frequency

31-45 1 146-60 33 (34)61-85 (61) 9586-100 4 99Others 1 100

Median = 60.5 + [(100/2 - 34)/61] (25) = 67.06kg

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Question 3: Current Height

140-150 151-160 161-170 171-180 181 - 1900

10

20

30

40

50

60

Current Height of Male Participants

Male

Height

Fre

quen

cy

Based on the graph above, the median is the best measure of central tendency because the data are very skew. A large number of outliers exist.

Calculation of median:

Height (cm) Frequency Cumulative Frequency

140-150 0 0151-160 6 (6)161-170 (48) 54171-180 18 72181 - 190 28 100

Median = 160.5 + [(100/2 - 6)/48] (10) = 169.67cm

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Question 4: Ideal Height

140-150 151-160 161-170 171-180 181 - 1900

10

20

30

40

50

60

Ideal Height of Male Participants

Male

Height (cm)

Fre

quen

cy

Based on the graph above, the median is the best measure of central tendency because the data are very skew. A large number of outliers exist.

Calculation of median:

Height (cm) Frequency Cumulative Frequency

140-150 1 1151-160 1 2161-170 25 27171-180 18 (45)181 - 190 (55) 100

Median = 180.5 + [(100/2 - 45)/55] (10) = 181.41cm

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Analysis of Female Participants

Question 1: Current Weight

31-40 41-50 51-60 61-700

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Current Weight of Female Participants

Female

Weight (kg)

Fre

quen

cy

Based on the graph above, the best measure of central tendency to be used is mean. The reason for this is because the data are roughly symmetric and have no outliers.

Calculation of mean:

Weight (kg)

Frequency (f)

Midpoint (x)

fx

31-40 37 35.5 1313.541-50 45 45.5 2047.551-60 17 55.5 943.561-70 1 65.5 65.5

∑f=100 ∑fx=4370

Mean = ∑fx/∑f = 4370/100 = 43.7kg

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Question 2: Ideal Weight

31-40 41-50 51-60 61-700

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Ideal Weight of Female Participants

Female

Weight (kg)

Fre

quen

cy

Based on the graph above, the median is the best measure of central tendency because the data are very skew. A large number of outliers exist.

Calculation of median:

Weight (kg)

Frequency Cumulative Frequency

31-40 1 (1)41-50 (62) 6351-60 35 9861-70 2 100

Median = 40.5 + [(100/2 - 1)/62] (10) = 48.40kg

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Question 3: Current Height

140-150 151-160 161-170 171-180 181 - 1900

10

20

30

40

50

60

Current Height of Female Participants

Female

Height (cm)

Fre

quen

cy

Based on the graph above, the median is the best measure of central tendency because the data are very skew. A large number of outliers exist.

Calculation of median:

Height (cm)

Frequency Cumulative Frequency

140-150 2 2151-160 40 (42)161-170 (52) 94171-180 3 97181 - 190 3 100

Median = 160.5 + [(100/2 - 42)/52] (10) = 162.04cm

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Question 4: Ideal Height

140-150 151-160 161-170 171-180 181 - 1900

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Ideal Height of Female Participants

Female

Height (cm)

Fre

quen

cy

Based on the graph above, the median is the best measure of central tendency because the data are very skew. A large number of outliers exist.

Calculation of median:

Height (cm)

Frequency Cumulative Frequency

140-150 1 1151-160 11 (12)161-170 (73) 85171-180 3 88181 - 190 12 100

Median = 160.5 + [(100/2 - 12)/73] (10) = 165.71cm

Analysis of Male and Female Participants

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The following questions consist of categorical data. Therefore, the best way to analyse the following data is to identify the mode, thus identifying the most common category.

Question 7: Current Body Shape

3%

19%

26%38%

14%

Current Body Shape of Male Participants

Triangle

Inverted Triangle

Square

Trapezium

Oval

16%

18%

34%

18%

14%

Current Body Shape of Female Participants

Inverted Triangle

Square

Hourglass

Triangle

Oval

Mode = Trapezium body shape. Mode = Hourglass body shape.

Question 8: Ideal Body Shape

54%

10%

35%

1%

Ideal Body Shape of Male Participants

Triangle

Inverted Triangle

Square

Trapezium

Oval

7%

12%

44%

37%

Ideal Body Shape of Female Participants

Inverted Triangle

Square

Hour glass

Triangle

Oval

Mode = Trapezium body shape. Mode = Hourglass body shape.

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Question 9: Current Hairstyle

20%

15%

51%

10%

4%

Current Hair Style of Male Participants

Shaved Head

Curly Long

Spiky

Medium Length

Wavy Long

4%

37%

32%

26%

1%

Current Hairstyle of Female Participants

Pixie

Shoulder length

Wavy long

Straight long

Curly bob

Mode: Spiky hair. Mode: Shoulder length hair.

Question 10: Ideal Hairstyle

16%

15%

47%

7%

15%

Ideal Hairstyle of Male Participants

Shaved Head

Curly Long

Spiky

Medium Length

Wavy Long

10%

11%

39%

38%

2%

Current Hairstyle of Female Participants

Pixie

Shoulder length

Wavy long

Straight long

Curly bob

Mode: Spiky hair Mode: Wavy long hair.

Question 11: Current Eye Colour

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60%

37%

1% 1% 1%

Current Eye Colour of Male Participants

Black

Brown

Red

Green

Others

64%

34%

1% 1%

Current Eye Colour of Female Participants

Black

Brown

Red

Green

Other

Mode = Black eyes. Mode: Black eyes.

Question 12: Ideal Eye Colour

21%

39%

9%

7%

24%

Ideal Eye Colour of Male Participants

Black

Brown

Red

Green

Others

27%

51%

3%

11%

8%

Ideal Eye Colour of Female Participants

Black

Brown

Red

Green

Other

Mode = Brown eyes. Mode: Brown eyes.

Question 13: Current Hair Colour

15

80%

18%

1% 1%

Current Hair Colour of Male Participants

Black

Brown

Red

Blonde

Others

45%

44%

5%6%

Current Hair Colour of Female Participants

Black

Brown

Red

Blonde

Other

Mode = Black hair. Mode: Black Hair

Question 14: Ideal Hair Colour

44%

30%

6%

12%

8%

Ideal Hair Colour of Male Participants

Black

Brown

Red

Blonde

Others

34%

38%

13%

11%

4%

Ideal Hair Colour of Female Participants

Black

Brown

Red

Blonde

Other

Mode = Black hair Mode: Brown hair

Question 15: Ideal Weight of Opposite Sex

16

2%

41%

49%

7%

1%

Male's Ideal Weight of Opposite Sex

31 – 45

46 – 60

61 – 85

86 – 100

Others

15%

78%

6%

1%

Female's Ideal Weight of Opposite Sex

31-45

46-60

61-85

86-100

Other

Mode = 61-85kg Mode =61-85kg

Question 16: Ideal Height of Opposite Sex

2%

41%

49%

1%7%

Male's Ideal Height of Opposite Sex

141 – 150

151 – 160

161 – 170

171 - 180

181 - 190

3%

26%

10%

61%

Female's Ideal Height of Opposite Sex

140-150

150-160

160-170

170-180

180-190

Mode = 161-170cm Mode = 160-170cm

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Question 17: Ideal Body Shape of Opposite Sex

37%

18%

45%

Female's Ideal Body Shape of Opposite Sex

Triangle

Inverted Triangle

Square

Trapezium

Oval

Mode = Square. Mode: Trapezium.

Question 18: Ideal Hairstyle of Opposite Sex

16%

12%

58%

9%

5%

Male's Ideal Hairstyle of Opposite Sex

Pixie

Shoulder Length

Wavy Long

Straight Long

Curly Bob

5%

20%

16%57%

2%

Female's Ideal Hairstyle of Opposite Sex

Shaved Head

Curly Long

Spiky

Medium Length

Wavy Long

Mode: Wavy long hair. Mode: Spiky hair.

18

7%4%

53%

34%

2%

Male's Ideal Body Shape of Opposite Sex

Triangle

Inverted Triangle

Square

Trapezium

Oval

Question 19: Ideal Eye Colour of Opposite Sex

36%

43%

2%

11%

8%

Male's Ideal Eye Colour of Opposite Sex

Black

Brown

Red

Green

Others

33%

46%

2%

16%

3%

Female's Ideal Eye Colour of Opposite Sex

Black

Brown

Red

Green

Other

Mode = Brown eyes. Mode: Brown eyes.

Question 20: Ideal Hair Colour of Opposite Sex

49%

35%

3%9%

4%

Male's Ideal Hair Colour of Opposite Sex

Black

Brown

Red

Blonde

Others49%

44%

1%5%

1%

Female's Ideal Hair Colour of Opposite Sex

Black

Brown

Red

Blonde

Other

Mode = Black hair. Mode: Black hair.

Conclusion

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In conclusion, we can further analyse our data starting with the difference in median of current

and ideal weight and height of both gender. The difference in median of weight in female which

is 4.7 is higher than the median in male which is 2.7. In the meantime, the difference in median

of height in female is 3.67 while in male is 23.94. This evidently that female have a greater goal

when it comes to weight but male have a greater goal when it comes to height. We further

proceed by calculating the difference in the frequency of the modal class in both current and

ideal weight and height of both gender. The result of the calculation shows that female have a

difference of 17 in the difference of frequency in weight while male have a difference of 3. Also,

female have a greater difference of frequency in modal class which is 21 while male only have

the difference of 7. This proves that a lot of female have a demand to change both their weight

and height where as most male are already satisfied with their current weight and height.

Furthermore, we can also observe that when the subject of body shape comes into questions both

the male and female participants have mostly achieved their ideal body shape and are

comfortable with their bodies. As for hair style, most males already posses their ideal hairstyle

whereas females do not. However, when it comes to eye colour most males and females have a

different ideal in mind from their natural eye colour. Lastly, it is also observed that most males

feel secure with there natural hair colour where as females do not share that security and invision

different ideals for themselves.

Moving on, we can observe the idealism of males and females of the opposite sex. The results

for ideal weight and height of males and females is very similair and the same can be said for

ideal hair colour and eye colour. This proves that teenagers, whether male or female have a very

specific ideal in mind when it comes to the opposite sex.

In closing, we can observe that male and female teenagers have different idealisms when it

comes to theselves. Males have insecurities when it comes to their height and always desire to be

taller. On the other hand, females find that weight is a greater issue and always desire to be

slimmer. Overall, we can also conclude that males are more secure with their current appearance

as compared to females.

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