Mathematics applied in major fields of science and technology

By – Shreet Mishra (XI) Roll no. – 47

In 21st century mathematics is usedIn roboticsIn space research In sportsIn Biological calculationIn field of information technology etc.

Development of mathematics as a part of scienceIn 18th century mathematics was

already become a part of modern science.

Mathematics begins to develop very fast because of it’s introduction to schools.

Therefore everyone have a chance to learn the basic fundamentals of mathematics

Development of mathematics as a part of scienceThanks to that, large number of new

mathematicians appear on stage There are many new ideas, solutions

to old mathematical problems,researches which lead to creating new fields of mathematics.

Old fields of mathematics are also expanding.

Contribution of mathematicians in field of computer technology -

In 1642 AD, Blaise Pascal , a French mathematician invented a calculating machine named as Adding Machine. This machine was capable of doing Addition and Subtraction. This device is known as the First Calculator of the world.In 1671 AD, Gotfried Leibnitz, a German Mathematician improved the Adding machine and made a new machine capable of performing multiplication and division also.

Contribution of mathematicians in field of computer technology - Charles Babbage was a British

mathematician. In 1822, he designed a machine called Difference Engine. It aimed at calculating mathematical tables.

In 1833, Charles Babbage designed a machine called Analytical Engine. It had almost all the parts of a modern computer.

Hollerith, a Mathematician, invented a fast counting machine named Tabulating Machine in 1880.

LEONHARD EULER

Euler worked in almost mathematics, graph theory and number theory, as well as , lunar theory, optics and other areas of physics ad thus developed a famous formula of mathematics which gave a new turn to modern science.

Descartes’ vision

On November 10, 1619 when Descartes was 23, he had a vision in which it was “revealed” to him that the universe is mathematical and logical.

Since Descartes, science was gripped with the idea of a universe that can be described mathematically.

Mathematics as a language of physicsMathematics is a

language which seems to be well suited for describing the physical universe.

Defining characteristic is precision.

It shares some similarities with music.

Google and Linear AlgebraGoogle set itself

apart from other search engines by its ability to quantify “relevance”with the help of mathematics.

Mathematics in the Life SciencesMathematical neuroscience tries to model

neuronal activity. Main problem of neuroscience is how does the nervous system process information? Main problem of Population genetics: how genetic mutations and selection are propagated in a population. Main problem of Epidemiology: dynamics of diseases? Mathematics is playing an important role in solution of these problems.

The Language of LifeBiological calculation

seems to be more “horizontal”.

This “horizontal” nature of biological calculation eliminates the problem of compounding errors.

The language of the nervous system seems to have less “arithmetical depth” than we are used to in mathematics.

The Nature of Mathematical CalculationIn numerical calculations that involve

approximations or “errors”, repeated calculations can compound the “errors” to the point of rendering the calculation meaningless.

“Arithmetical” or “logical” depth refers to the number of serial arithmetic operations that have to be performed in a calculation.

The Language of LifeThe nervous system

seems to use a radically different method of notation which is stochastic: not the positional system.

Meaning is conveyed by statistical properties of the message.

Meaning is also conveyed by statistical properties of different messages transmitted simultaneously.

Mathematics and the human brainDARPA recently asked for proposals to build

a mathematical model of the human brain.That effort will radically alter the way we

construct digital computers.It may also radically alter our views of

intelligence and consciousness and our humanity.

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