math physics presentation

Dispelling the Haze: Dispelling the Haze: Crashes and CrimeCrashes and Crime

A Presentation of Facts and A Presentation of Facts and Informational Mathematics by Informational Mathematics by the Ohio State Highway Patrolthe Ohio State Highway Patrol

Presentation Prepared by:Presentation Prepared by:

Tpr. John C. Thorne III M.S. Tpr. John C. Thorne III M.S.

Goals of InstructionGoals of Instruction

To dispel myths about the nature and To dispel myths about the nature and dangers of crimedangers of crime

To educate young adults on the real To educate young adults on the real and potential consequences of and potential consequences of unsafe drivingunsafe driving

To change unsafe driving habits To change unsafe driving habits through education of physical laws of through education of physical laws of vehicle behavior.vehicle behavior.

Comparing Crime and Crashes:

What Should I Really be Afraid of?

2005 Uniform Crime Reports: FBI 2005 Uniform Crime Reports: FBI Nationwide Crime StatisticsNationwide Crime Statistics

16,692 Murders16,692 Murders

93,934 Rapes93,934 Rapes

417,122 Robberies417,122 Robberies

862,947 Aggravated Assaults862,947 Aggravated Assaults

2005 UCR Crime Statistics: 2005 UCR Crime Statistics: OhioOhio

585 Murders585 Murders

4,557 Rapes4,557 Rapes

18,696 Robberies18,696 Robberies

16,435 Aggravated Assaults16,435 Aggravated Assaults

2005 UCR Crime Statistics: 2005 UCR Crime Statistics: Clermont County SheriffClermont County Sheriff

0 Murders0 Murders

45 Rapes45 Rapes

12 Robberies12 Robberies

15 Aggravated Assaults15 Aggravated Assaults

2004 UCR Crime Statistics: 2004 UCR Crime Statistics: Clermont AgenciesClermont Agencies

Union Twp.Union Twp.

0 Murders0 Murders

2 Rapes2 Rapes


5 Aggravated 5 Aggravated AssaultsAssaults

Pierce Twp.Pierce Twp.

0 Murders0 Murders

7 Rapes7 Rapes



2005 UCR Crime Statistics: 2005 UCR Crime Statistics: Clermont Agencies Contd.Clermont Agencies Contd.

Miami Twp.Miami Twp.

0 Murders0 Murders

9 Rapes9 Rapes



Goshen Twp.Goshen Twp.

0 Murders0 Murders

1 Rape1 Rape



2005 National Highway Traffic 2005 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Crash DataSafety Administration Crash Data

• 6,159,000 estimated total traffic 6,159,000 estimated total traffic crashescrashes

• 2,699,000 estimated total number of 2,699,000 estimated total number of persons injured from traffic crashespersons injured from traffic crashes

• 43,443 persons killed from traffic 43,443 persons killed from traffic crashescrashes

2005 Traffic Crash Data: State 2005 Traffic Crash Data: State of Ohioof Ohio

358,127 total traffic crashes358,127 total traffic crashes

131,245 persons injured as the result 131,245 persons injured as the result of a traffic crashof a traffic crash

1,326 persons killed as the result 1,326 persons killed as the result of a traffic crashof a traffic crash

YOU DO THE MATHYOU DO THE MATH

16,692 Murders 43,443 Traffic Deaths

585 Murders 1,326 Traffic Deaths

Nationwide

Ohio

2005 Data:2005 Data:

The Cincinnati Metropolitan The Cincinnati Metropolitan Reporting area to the UCR reported Reporting area to the UCR reported 115 murders in 2005115 murders in 2005

This area includes 3 counties in This area includes 3 counties in Indiana., 7 counties in Kentucky., and Indiana., 7 counties in Kentucky., and 5 counties in Ohio in addition to the 5 counties in Ohio in addition to the cities of Middletown and Cincinnaticities of Middletown and Cincinnati

The population of this area is over 2 The population of this area is over 2 million peoplemillion people

2005 Traffic Deaths in Clermont 2005 Traffic Deaths in Clermont CountyCounty

28 people died on the roadways in Clermont 28 people died on the roadways in Clermont CountyCounty

7 were ages 16-247 were ages 16-24

4 died on SR 125 between Amelia and 4 died on SR 125 between Amelia and BethelBethel

16 people died because they were not 16 people died because they were not wearing a seat beltwearing a seat belt

Where is your Greater Where is your Greater Danger?Danger?

WHY ARE YOU WHY ARE YOU COMING TO MY COMING TO MY

SCHOOL TO TALK SCHOOL TO TALK ABOUT THIS?ABOUT THIS?

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2005 Traffic Deaths by Age and Restraint Use

Used Not Used

First... the basicsFirst... the basics

The Basics…The Basics…

Before we start to talk about speed, Before we start to talk about speed, crashes, and seat belts, we need to crashes, and seat belts, we need to understand basic physics principles.understand basic physics principles.

Newton’s laws of motionNewton’s laws of motion

Newton’s First Law of MotionNewton’s First Law of Motion

A body at rest tends to remain at A body at rest tends to remain at rest, while a body in motion tends to rest, while a body in motion tends to remain in motion in a straight line, remain in motion in a straight line, unless acted upon by an unbalanced unless acted upon by an unbalanced external forceexternal force

Simply put – an object in motion Simply put – an object in motion stays in motion until something stays in motion until something causes it to stopcauses it to stop

FrictionFriction

Friction is a forceFriction is a force

There are two types of frictionThere are two types of friction Static FrictionStatic Friction Dynamic FrictionDynamic Friction

FrictionFriction

Static frictionStatic friction The weight of an object pressing down The weight of an object pressing down

on the surface of the earth creates thison the surface of the earth creates this To initially get the object moving, this To initially get the object moving, this

force must be overcomeforce must be overcome The initial static friction to get an object The initial static friction to get an object

moving will always be greater than the moving will always be greater than the dynamic friction generated between the dynamic friction generated between the object and the surface it is moving overobject and the surface it is moving over

FrictionFriction

Dynamic frictionDynamic friction The friction encountered by an object moving The friction encountered by an object moving

over a surfaceover a surface Varies based upon both the characteristics of Varies based upon both the characteristics of

the object and the characteristics of the surfacethe object and the characteristics of the surface Expressed in “g” forces or percentages of the Expressed in “g” forces or percentages of the

force of gravityforce of gravity If the force required to move a 40lb. weight If the force required to move a 40lb. weight

across a surface is 30 lbs., the surface can be across a surface is 30 lbs., the surface can be assumed to have a dynamic friction, or “drag assumed to have a dynamic friction, or “drag factor” of .75 “g’s”factor” of .75 “g’s”

The higher the drag factor, the quicker an The higher the drag factor, the quicker an object will slow to a stop on that surface object will slow to a stop on that surface

Newton’s First Law of MotionNewton’s First Law of Motion

Friction is a natural and omnipresent Friction is a natural and omnipresent force that is acting on moving objectsforce that is acting on moving objects

Without friction, there would be no Without friction, there would be no way to stop objects moving aboutway to stop objects moving about

Objects on earth do not keep moving Objects on earth do not keep moving once they are accelerated due to the once they are accelerated due to the force of frictionforce of friction

What do these laws What do these laws have to do with me have to do with me

driving my car?driving my car?

How does my vehicle How does my vehicle behave…normally?behave…normally?

Vehicle BehaviorVehicle Behavior

Your car, you, and everything inside Your car, you, and everything inside of your car are bound by Newton’s of your car are bound by Newton’s Laws of MotionLaws of Motion

It is because you and your car are It is because you and your car are bound by these laws that traffic bound by these laws that traffic crashes and fatalities are a realitycrashes and fatalities are a reality

By understanding these laws and By understanding these laws and why crashes happen, you may be why crashes happen, you may be able to avoid being involved in a able to avoid being involved in a crash crash

Pre-Crash FactorsPre-Crash Factors

SpeedSpeed

Following distanceFollowing distance

Road and weather conditionsRoad and weather conditions

Attention spanAttention span

SpeedSpeed

One of the primary causes for motor One of the primary causes for motor vehicle crashes and fatalitiesvehicle crashes and fatalities

Perhaps the most widely known Perhaps the most widely known function of a police officer is to function of a police officer is to enforce speed lawsenforce speed laws

Why speed limits are in place and Why speed limits are in place and why they are enforced is based why they are enforced is based partially on Newton’s Laws of Motionpartially on Newton’s Laws of Motion

SpeedSpeed

Most people measure the speed of their Most people measure the speed of their vehicle in Miles per Hour, but have no vehicle in Miles per Hour, but have no real concept of how fast they are truly real concept of how fast they are truly travelingtraveling

A mile is a lengthy distance that we do A mile is a lengthy distance that we do not readily view on a daily basisnot readily view on a daily basis

A better way to gauge the speed you are A better way to gauge the speed you are traveling on the road is by converting traveling on the road is by converting miles per hour into feet per secondmiles per hour into feet per second

SpeedSpeed

To convert miles per hour into feet To convert miles per hour into feet per second, multiply the speed in per second, multiply the speed in MPH by 1.466MPH by 1.466

The result will indicate your speed in The result will indicate your speed in feet per second (FPS)feet per second (FPS)

Common Speeds: MPH - FPSCommon Speeds: MPH - FPSMiles per HourMiles per Hour Feet per SecondFeet per Second

1515 21.9921.99

2525 36.6536.65

3535 51.3151.31

4040 58.6458.64

4545 65.9765.97

5555 80.6380.63

6565 95.2995.29

7575 109.95109.95

8585 124.61124.61

SpeedSpeed

When examining speed in When examining speed in feet/second the actual distance you feet/second the actual distance you are traveling becomes more tangible are traveling becomes more tangible as well as the time it takes you to as well as the time it takes you to cover that distancecover that distance

This is especially useful when This is especially useful when examining following distance and examining following distance and assured clear distance crashesassured clear distance crashes

SpeedSpeed

A demonstrationA demonstration

In the time it took this to appear, if In the time it took this to appear, if you were traveling at 35 mph you you were traveling at 35 mph you would have traveled roughly the would have traveled roughly the distance of a football fielddistance of a football field

At 85 mph, you would have At 85 mph, you would have completed a 200 meter sprint with completed a 200 meter sprint with about 1 second to spareabout 1 second to spare

Following too CloseFollowing too Close

““Tailgating” or trying to “push” someone Tailgating” or trying to “push” someone to go faster by riding close to the bumper to go faster by riding close to the bumper of another carof another car

Combined with excessive or unsafe speed Combined with excessive or unsafe speed is the major causative factor for vehicle is the major causative factor for vehicle crashescrashes

You can and will be written tickets for You can and will be written tickets for following too close!!!following too close!!!


It is common to see vehicles It is common to see vehicles following each other at a distance of following each other at a distance of 1-2 vehicle lengths (approx. 8-16 1-2 vehicle lengths (approx. 8-16 feet) while traveling at 65 mphfeet) while traveling at 65 mph

Could this be a major problem?Could this be a major problem?


Human physiological studies indicate Human physiological studies indicate an average perception reaction time an average perception reaction time of a human being at 1.5 secondsof a human being at 1.5 seconds

This reaction time is the amount of This reaction time is the amount of time that it takes the human brain to time that it takes the human brain to recognize a stimulus and respond to recognize a stimulus and respond to itit

Driver AttentionDriver Attention

How often are you really paying full How often are you really paying full attention to the road?attention to the road?

Are you –Are you – Talking on a phone?Talking on a phone? Playing the radio?Playing the radio? Talking to a passenger?Talking to a passenger? Thinking about American Idol?Thinking about American Idol?

Road and Weather ConditionsRoad and Weather Conditions

Speed limits are designed for maximum Speed limits are designed for maximum speed on a road for ideal conditionsspeed on a road for ideal conditions

Rain, snow, and ice affect the dynamic Rain, snow, and ice affect the dynamic frictional value of a roadway (drag factor)frictional value of a roadway (drag factor)

Reason for more crashes during these Reason for more crashes during these periods is driving behavior is not adjustedperiods is driving behavior is not adjusted

Let’s start to put this Let’s start to put this all together!!all together!!

Putting it TogetherPutting it Together

Because your vehicle adheres to the Because your vehicle adheres to the laws of physics, we can determine laws of physics, we can determine how it will behave by using how it will behave by using mathematicsmathematics

Primarily we can determinePrimarily we can determine Time needed to stopTime needed to stop Distance needed to stopDistance needed to stop The amount of distance covered over a The amount of distance covered over a

given timegiven time


Equation for determining slide to Equation for determining slide to stop:stop:

Distance to stop = Speed Distance to stop = Speed (squared)/30 x drag factor of (squared)/30 x drag factor of roadwayroadway

D = (s)(s)D = (s)(s)÷ 30f÷ 30f


Increases in speed increase distance Increases in speed increase distance needed to stopneeded to stop

Decreases in drag factor of roadway Decreases in drag factor of roadway also increase distance to stop (rain, also increase distance to stop (rain, ice, gravel, etc.)ice, gravel, etc.)

What happens when you figure in What happens when you figure in response time?response time?


Convert your speed to ft/sec. (MPH x Convert your speed to ft/sec. (MPH x 1.466)1.466)

Multiply ft/sec. by average response Multiply ft/sec. by average response – reaction time (1.5 seconds)– reaction time (1.5 seconds)

Add product to already determined Add product to already determined slide to stop distanceslide to stop distance


Does 5 mph over the limit really Does 5 mph over the limit really matter?matter?

Do the math!Do the math!

55 mph or 60 mph on a dry road55 mph or 60 mph on a dry road 55 mph slide to stop = 144 ft.55 mph slide to stop = 144 ft. 60 mph slide to stop = 171 ft.60 mph slide to stop = 171 ft. Difference = 27 ft. to slide to stopDifference = 27 ft. to slide to stop


When you enter your car and begin When you enter your car and begin to travel, you are bound by Newton’s to travel, you are bound by Newton’s laws of motionlaws of motion

When your speedometer reads 65 When your speedometer reads 65 mph (95.29 ft/sec), the vehicle and mph (95.29 ft/sec), the vehicle and everything inside of it is traveling at everything inside of it is traveling at that speedthat speed

It does not seem that way because It does not seem that way because your speed is uniform and relative to your speed is uniform and relative to your immediate surroundingsyour immediate surroundings


Because of Newton’s First Law of Because of Newton’s First Law of Motion, there are three impacts in Motion, there are three impacts in every crash!every crash! Vehicle vs. vehicleVehicle vs. vehicle Human vs. inside of vehicleHuman vs. inside of vehicle Human organs vs. human bodyHuman organs vs. human body

It is usually the third impact that is It is usually the third impact that is fatal!fatal!

Seat BeltsSeat Belts

Why should I wear it?Why should I wear it?


To best understand why to wear a To best understand why to wear a seat belt, examine Newton’s First seat belt, examine Newton’s First Law of Motion.Law of Motion.

Your vehicle and everything in it are Your vehicle and everything in it are traveling at a given speedtraveling at a given speed

Everything inside of your vehicle Everything inside of your vehicle includes YOU!includes YOU!


Have you ever had a CD or books Have you ever had a CD or books sitting on your front seat and had to sitting on your front seat and had to stop suddenly?stop suddenly?

What happens to the books or CD?What happens to the books or CD? The static friction of their weight and The static friction of their weight and

the seat is not enough to keep the the seat is not enough to keep the objects in placeobjects in place

They continue in motion until they They continue in motion until they strike the floor and stopstrike the floor and stop


The same laws apply to you in the The same laws apply to you in the driver or passenger seatsdriver or passenger seats

If you are not somehow “attached” to If you are not somehow “attached” to the vehicle, the static friction the vehicle, the static friction between you and the seat will not be between you and the seat will not be enough to stop you from going enough to stop you from going forward from a sudden stop.forward from a sudden stop.

You are a free floating object that will You are a free floating object that will continue in motion until acted on by continue in motion until acted on by another forceanother force


What are some outside forces that What are some outside forces that can, and will, bring you to a stop?can, and will, bring you to a stop? Steering wheel?Steering wheel? Dashboard?Dashboard? Windshield?Windshield? The road?The road? Another car?Another car?


The seat belt is designed to lock when The seat belt is designed to lock when a sudden stop is detecteda sudden stop is detected

This device holds your body to the This device holds your body to the seat, essentially making you “one” seat, essentially making you “one” with the vehicle, thus sharing its with the vehicle, thus sharing its momentum lossmomentum loss

When the vehicle slows, you slow at When the vehicle slows, you slow at the same ratethe same rate

Ending thoughts…Ending thoughts…

Keep in mind, an instant change in Keep in mind, an instant change in velocity from 35 mph to 0 mph is velocity from 35 mph to 0 mph is FATAL!FATAL!

Statistically you are the most at risk Statistically you are the most at risk for a serious injury or fatality from a for a serious injury or fatality from a traffic crashtraffic crash

Suggestions for the FutureSuggestions for the Future

Leave a little bit more time when you Leave a little bit more time when you have to be someplacehave to be someplace

If you are late…what is worse: being If you are late…what is worse: being late or not being there at all?late or not being there at all?

Leave more space between you and Leave more space between you and the vehicle in front of you…RELAX!the vehicle in front of you…RELAX!

Don’t get involved in roadway violence Don’t get involved in roadway violence or racing. State Routes and County or racing. State Routes and County Roads are not the places to be racing!Roads are not the places to be racing!

math physics presentation

Documents

friction friction

force of friction

law of motion friction

speed laws

newtons laws of motion

traffic crash data

initial static friction

ucr crime statistics