CONCEPTS COVERED IN THIS PROGRAM:• Addition,Subtraction,Division,Multiplication

• Fractions,Percentages,Decimals,DecimalPoint

• ThehistoryofNumericalSystems

• Fibonacci-LeonardoofPisa

• Zeroasaplaceholder-ThePowerofZero

MATH + MAGIC = FUNGrades 3-5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0

NUMERICAL SYSTEMS• Thedecimalsystemisthesystemthatisusedworldwidebecauseofzero-0.800-1400AD

• TheHindu-Arabicsystemswasthefirstsystemtouseazerooradot.700-300BCE

• RomanNumeralshadnozerosowritinglargenumberswasnotveryefficient.838=XXMXXLVIII

• TheGreeksusedtheAlphabetwithapostrophestoindicatenumbers

THE VALUE OF ZEROZeroisaPLACEHOLDER.Itholdsthevalueofthenumberuntilothernumbersaresubstitutedoradded....Thus,100canbecome125becausethezerohasheldtheplacevalue.

For more information google - Numerical Systems

FIBONACCI - LEONARDO OF PISA 1170-1250FibonacciwasanItalianMathematicianwhointroducedtheHindu-ArabicNumeralSystemtoEurope.Hisbook,LiberAbacì(BookofCalculations)waswrittenin1202AD.

For more information google - Fibonacci

Ashumancivilizationsgrew,peoplehadmorethingstocount.People

neededtocountfastersothesystemofmultiplicationwasinvented.

Itiscalled“TheTimesTable”becauseitishowmanyTIMESyoucountanumber.

ie.Ifyoucountto2,twotimes,youget4.

Thus2x2=4

Thefastestandeasiestwaytomemorizemultiplicationfactsistopracticecounting

by2,5,9,10(the easy numbers).

Thenpractice3,7,8(the most difficult to remember).

Thenumbers4and6followarepeatingpatterninthe2nddigit.

(4,8,2,6,0)(6,2,8,4,0)

Ifyoucountedonenumbereverysecond,thischartindicateshowlongitwouldtaketocounttoonetrillion.

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3 4 5 6 78 9 1 0TO GET GOOD AT ANYTHING, YOU MUST PRACTICE!

Addition,Multiplication,SubtractionandDivisionareallMathematicalOperationsthatcanmakenumberslargerorsmaller.Multiplicationand

DivisionareafasterwaytoAddandSubtract.Thus....

If2+2=4then4-2=2If2x2=4then4 2=2

Ifastudentmastersthemultiplicationtablethentheyhavealsomasteredthedivisiontable.

USING MULTIPLICATION, ADDITION, DIVISION AND SUBTRACTIONHereisaMathematicalGame!

Your number will always be 5

Canyoufigureoutwhyyournumberwillalwaysbe5?

Canyoufigureouthowtochangethegamesothatyournumberwillalwaysbe10or2?

ForExample YourNumber

YOURORIGINALNUMBER

50x2

100+10

1102

55-50

5

x2

+10

2

-

Thinkofanynumberbetween1and100

MULTIPLYthatnumberby2

ADD10tothatnumber

DIVIDEthatnumberby2

SUBTRACTyouroriginal#

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DIVISION, FRACTIONS, PERCENTAGES AND DECIMALS ARE ALL THE SAME THING.

Thesemathematicaloperationsalldescribewhathappenswhenwedividesomethingintosmallerpieces.

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Division Fraction Percentage Decimals 1 2 = 1/2 = 50% = .50 1 4 = 1/4 = 25% = .25 1 8 = 1/8 = 12.5% = .125 1 3 = 1/3 = 33.3% = .333

FRACTIONSFractionsaregenerallyusedformeasuringphysicalthingslikewoodor

liquids.ItisgenerallyusedintheUSAwhichhasameasuringsystembasedonfeetandinches,cupsandpintsandgallons.

PERCENTAGE MEAN PER 100. (CENTURY - 100 YEARS)Percentagesaregenerallyusedtocalculatethings

havingtodowithmoneyorprobability.ie. There is a 50% chance of rain tomorrow

DECIMALSThedecimalpoint( • )allowsustoindicatea

numbersmallerthanthenumber1.

Beware.....the Decimal System works backwardsThemorezerosBEFOREthedecimalpointtheLARGERthe#willbe.

ThemorezerosAFTERthedecimalpointtheSMALLERthe#willbe.

Ten Tenth Hundred Hundredth Thousand Thousandth10 0.1 100 0.01 1000 0.001

Attention-100has2zerosBEFOREthedecimalpoint. (onehundred)

However-0.01hasonly1zeroAFTERthedecimalpoint. (onehundredth)