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1 B. Sc. Program of: Materials Science Study Program Scheme and Course Contents (Credit Hours System)

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Page 1: Materials Science - Assiut University · characterization of materials 3 2 3 FTBS 210 FTBS 306 Thermo-mechanical treatments of Materials 3 2 3 FTBE 301 FTBS 308 Electrical, Optical

1

B. Sc. Program of:

Materials Science

Study Program Scheme and

Course Contents

(Credit Hours System)

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Program of

Materials Science

Mission:

The Program of Materials Science is a unique Program of the Faculty of Science.

Its mission is driven from Assiut University’s mission as well as the mission of the

Faculty of Science. The Program is established to be a top of the line Program in terms

of its educational, research and community services. The Program aims to prepare

compatible graduates to join the job market with knowledge, skills and attitude needed

to succeed in the field of science and technology of materials.

Vision:

To achieve the adopted mission, the Program’s vision for the future depends on

the following principles:

• The Program is committed to provide high quality- state of the art- educational

program.

• Stakeholders’ problem based graduate studies and research work should be always

the department in focus target.

• The Program will adopt and update high academic standards for education,

research, and community services.

• The Program will adopt the concept of maximizing the benefit of its resources.

• The Program will always recognize, implement, and propagate the concepts of

cooperation, devotion and pride as its main values that should be implanted in the

souls and minds of its graduates and personnel.

• The Program will always take all necessary measures for continuous development of

its resources whether physical, staff, assistants, or students.

Objectives:

To carry out the mission stated herein, in coherent with our vision, the following

strategic goals are meant to be achieved:

• To provide high quality undergraduate program in Science and Technology of

Materials and their applications;

• To offer superior post graduate programs in professional fields that respond to

the needs of Egypt, as well as to the needs of the Arab region and Africa;

• To engage in research that advance learning and provide solutions of

stakeholders problems;

• To cooperate with industrial and governmental institutions to transfer knowledge

in science and technology;

• To offer continuing education and training programs aiming at personnel

enrichment, professional upgrading, and career advancement for graduate of the

collge and other similar educational institutes; and

• To make available to national communities and public agencies the expertise of

the college in a consistent manner with the primary teaching and research

functions and contribute to social, intellectual, and economic development in

Egypt, Arab region and Africa.

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Program of

Materials Science

Invention is often born of the need, or just the desire, to improve something. This

simple statement is the driving force behind the development of the technical education.

Science and technology of materials and their applications play an important roles in

our modern live. More advance in our daily life is possible only if a procedure exists for

making a rational choice and uses of materials. In the past, one material (e.g., steel) or a

class of materials (e.g., metals) might have been all an technologist would have needed to

consider for a particular application. But now different classes of materials compete for

consideration, in order that a manufactured part or assembly be as inexpensive, or as

light, or as long-lasting as possible, to name just a few factors that might have to be

taken into account.

The Role of Materials Science Technologists The major factor that enhances development is the degree of advancement of

Science and Technology of Materials and their applications. Technologists are builders,

doers, and decision makers. Today’s material science technologists are those who

understand the design/make/inspect/selection/ manufacturing/manage/use of the wide

spectrum of ordinary, well know, and advanced materials. Those technologists combine

the abilities of science and technology of materials. They draw upon the knowledge of

mathematics, physics and applied sciences combined with materials sciences to function

as problem solvers, innovators, designers, productions and materials selectors. Material

Science Technologists practice in all phases of manufacturing industries, service

industries and government agencies. Faculties, researchers, and consultants who are

well acquainted with the multiplicity of issues that govern the science and technology of

materials for industrial applications. The background, experience and training of

material science specialists give them wide acquaintance with science and technology of

materials and their application problems.

Admission Requirements The students are admitted to the Faculty of Science on the basis of their general

secondary school certificate record (or its equivalent). Applicants must not be more than

22 years of age at the time of enrollment. Transfer applications from accredited

universities, academies and community colleges are accepted by the Assiut University.

Equivalent courses are accredited as transfer hours if the student’s academic standing is

not less than (2.0).

Degree Offered and Graduation Requirements

The program offers the degree of Bachelor of Materials Science. The candidate

for the (B.Sc.) degree is required to pursue scholastic quality and complete a plan of

study prepared with his academic advisor and approved by Materials Science

department council. The number of credit hours required for graduation is 136 (cr. hr.)

spreading over 8 academic semesters.

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Study Plan

The Program of Materials Science offers a specialization technologists materials science

leading to a B.Sc. in materials science. Students must complete 136 credit hours

successfully. These include: 10 cr. Hrs university requirements, 25 cr. hrs faculty

requirements, and 101 cr. Hrs department requirements. Students are expected to

complete 34 credit hours by year end.

The Graduation Requirements

The minimum total credit hours required for the conferring of the Bachelor’s degree are

136 hrs. A detailed distribution of the minimum credit hours required is shown below:

Classifications Credit hours

Compulsory Elective Total

University requirements 6 4 10

Faculty requirements 25 - 25

Department requirements 84 17 101

Total 115 21 136

Course Coding

Numbering System:

The course code consists of five alphanumeric digits (FTABCXY)

The FT characters : represent the abbreviations of the faculty name.

The AB characters: represent the subject field.

The C digit : represents the course level or the year at which the course is

offered in the study plan.

The XY digits : represent the course sequence number within the subject field.

Abbreviations of subject fields:

The following abbreviations of subject fields are used in the Degree offered and

Graduation Requirements and Course Summary Description sections. They are listed

below in an alphabetical order:

FTBS – Basic Sciences

FTBE – Basic Engineering

FTBC – Basic Commerce

FTLH – Language, Humanities and Social Science

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I. University requirements: 8 credit hours

I.1. Compulsory courses: 6 credit hours

COURSE

CODE COURSE TITLE

CR

ED

IT

HO

UR

S

DETAILED

DISTRIBUTION

OF CREDIT

HOURS

PREREQ

UISITE

Lecture Practical

FTLH 101 English Language 2 2 - -

FTLH 103 Quality Assurance 2 2 - -

FTLH 105 Human Rights 2 2 - -

Total 6 6

I.2. Elective courses: 12 credit hours

At least four credit hours (4 cr. hrs) from the following list of the elective courses

COURSE

CODE COURSE TITLE

CR

ED

IT

HO

UR

S

DETAILED

DISTRIBUTION

OF CREDIT

HOURS

PREREQ

UISITE

Lecture Practical

FTLH 107 Accounting and Finance 2 2 - -

FTLH 109 Teams and Work Groups 2 2 - -

FTLH 111 History of Sciences and Technology 2 2

FTLH 112 Academic English for Science

Students 2 2 - -

FTBC 102 Communication skills 2 2 - -

FTBE 104 Management of Energy Resources 2 2 - -

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II. Faculty requirements: 25 credit hours

COURSE

CODE COURSE TITLE

CR

ED

IT

HO

UR

S

DETAILED

DISTRIBUTION

OF CREDIT

HOURS

PREREQ

UISITE

Lecture Practical

FTBS 101 General Chemistry I 3 2 3 -

FTBS 102 General Chemistry II 4 3 3 FTBS101

FTBS 103 Mathematics 4 3 3 -

FTBS 104 Physics 4 3 3 -

FTBS 105 Computer 2 1 3 -

FTBS 106 General Biology 3 2 3 -

FTBE 100 Technical Writing 2 2 - -

FTBE 102 Computer Aided Technical and

Construction Drawing 3 2 3 FTBS103

Total 25

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III. Department requirements: 101 Cr. hrs.

III.1. Compulsory Courses (84 credit hours)

COURSE

CODE COURSE TITLE

CR

ED

IT

HO

UR

S DETAILED

DISTRIBUTION OF

CREDIT HOURS PREREQUI

SITE

Lecture Practical

FTBS 201 Structure and reactivity 3 3 - FTBS 101

FTBS 202 Thermodynamics 3 3 - FTBS 102

FTBS 203 Introduction to material science 3 3 -

FTBS 204 Introduction to material and

manufacturing 3 3 - FTBS 203

FTBS 205 Mathematics for materials science 3 3 3 FTBS 100

FTBS 206 Properties of materials 3 2 3 FTBS 207

FTBS 207 Physics of materials 3 3 - FTBS 104

FTBE 200 Metrology 2 2 -

FTBE 201 Principles of engineering materials 3 3 -

FTBE 202 Metal Forming theory and practice 3 2 3

FTBS 301 Solid state physics 3 2 2 FTBS 207

FTBS 302 Polymer Science and Technology 3 2 3 FTBS 101

FTBS 303 Phase equihibria and reaction of metal

oxides. 3 2 3 FTBS 203

FTBS 304 Physical metallurgy and processing of

materials 2 2 - FTBS 303

FTBS 305 Structural and chemical

characterization of materials 3 2 3 FTBS 210

FTBS 306 Thermo-mechanical treatments of

Materials 3 2 3 FTBE 301

FTBS 308 Electrical, Optical and Magnetic

Materials and devices 2 2 - FTBS 207

FTBS 310 Electrochemistry & corrosion 2 2 - FTBS 102

FTBS 312 Industrial catalysis 2 - - FTBS 301

FTBS 314 Field training 1 - -

FTBE 301 Heat and mass transfer and their

applications 3 2 3 FTBS 202

FTBE 303 Theory of elasticity and plasticity 3 3 - FTBS 207

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FTBS 401 Materials science manufacturing 3 3 - FTBS 203

FTBS 402 Applied polymer processing 3 3 - FTBS 302

FTBS 403 Biomedical Materials 2 2 - FTBS 201

FTBS 404 Chemistry of advanced materials 3 3 - FTBS 207

FTBS 405 Graduation Project I 2 - -

FTBE 401 Coating Technology and their

Application 3 3 - FTBS 310

FTBE 402 Materials science in Engineering

Design 3 2 3

FTBE 403 Casting Science and Technology 3 2 3 FTBS 204

FTBE 404 Powder technology 3 2 3 FTBS 208

Total 84

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II.2. Elective courses: 51 credit hours

At least Seventeen credit hours (17 cr. hr) from the following list elective courses.

COURSE

CODE COURSE TITLE

CR

ED

IT

HO

UR

S DETAILED

DISTRIBUTION OF

CREDIT HOURS PREREQ

UISITE

Lecture Practical

FTBS 208 Structure and properties of Fibrous

materials 3 3 -

FTBS 209 Radiation 3 3 - FTBS 101

FTBS 211 Surface and colloidal technology 3 3 - FTBS 102

FTBE 203 Material recycling 3 3 - FTBS 104

FTBE 204 Stress analysis 3 3 -

FTBE 206 Adhesives Technology 3 3 -

FTBS 307 Amorphous solids and supper conductors 2 2 - FTBS 207

FTBS 309 Solid State material Chemistry 2 2 - FTBS 208

FTBS 316 Materials Examination and Inspections 3 2 3 FTBS 301

FTBS 318 Thermal analysis 3 3 - FTBS 202

FTBE 302 Composite materials science &

technology 3 3 - FTBS 208

FTBE 305 Wood Technology 2 2 -

FTBS 407 zeolites and their industrial applications 3 2 3 FTBS 312

FTBS 408 Ceramics/ Glass Science and Technology 3 3 - FTBS 303

FTBS 410 Biotechnology product and equipments 3 2 3 FTBS 405

FTBE 405 Design of industrial waste in treatment

systems 3 3 -

FTBE 406 Statistical quality control 3 3 -

FTBE 407 Pollution control 3 3 -

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Appendix A Distribution of Courses Suggested Study Plan for

Materials Science

a – Compulsory courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade

Prere-

quisite Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBS 101 General Chemistry (I) 3 2 3 20 20 - 60 100

FTBS 103 Mathematics 4 3 3 20 20 - 60 100

FTBS 105 Computer 2 1 3 20 20 - 60 100

FTLH 101 English Language 2 2 - 40 - - 60 100

FTLH 103 Quality assurance 2 2 - 40 - - 60 100

FTLH 105 Human Rights 2 2 - 40 - - 60 100

Total 15

b – Elective courses

Course code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac. Exams

Grade Prere-

quisite Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTLH 107 Accounting and finance 2 2 - 40 - - 60 100

FTLH 109 Teams and work groups 2 2 - 40 - - 60 100

FTLH 111 History of Sciences and

Technology 2 2 - 40 - - 60 100

First Semister

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a – Compulsory courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade Prere-quisite

Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBS 102 General Chemistry (II) 4 3 3 20 20 - 60 100 FTBS 101

FTBS 104 Physics 4 3 3 20 20 - 60 100

FTBE 100 Technical Writing 2 2 - 40 - - 60 100

FTBS 106 General Biology 3 2 3 20 20 - 60 100

FTBE 102 Computer Aided Technical

and Construction Drawing 3 2 3 20 20 - 60 100 FTBS 105

Total 16

b – Elective courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade

Prere-

quisite Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBE 104 Management of Energy Resources 2 2 - 40 - - 60 100

FTLH 112 Academic English for Science

Students 2 2 - 40 - - 60 100

FTBC 102 Communication Skills 2 2 - 40 - - 60 100

Second Semister

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a – Compulsory courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade

Prere-

quisite Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBS 205 Mathematics for material

science 3 3 3 20 20 - 60 100 FTBS 100

FTBS 201 Structure and reactivity 3 2 3 20 20 - 60 100 FTBS 101

FTBS 203 Introduction to material science 3 3 - 40 - - 60 100 -

FTBS 207 Physics of materials 3 3 - 40 - - 60 100 FTBS 104

FTBE 201 Principles of engineering

materials 3 3 - 40 - - 60 100 -

Total 15

b – Elective courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade

Prere-

quisite Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBS 209 Radiation 3 3 - 40 - - 60 100 FTBS 101

FTBS 211 Surface and colloidal

technology 3 3 - 20 20 - 60 100 FTBS 102

FTBE 203 Material recycling 3 3 - 40 - - 60 100 FTBS 104

Third Semister

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a – Compulsory courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade

Prere-

quisite Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBS 202 Thermodynamics 3 3 - 40 - - 60 100 FTBS 102

FTBS 204 Introduction to material and

manufacturing 3 3 - 40 - - 60 100 FTBS 203

FTBS 206 Properties of materials 2 2 3 20 20 - 60 100 FTBS 207

FTBE 200 Metrology 3 2 - 40 - - 60 100 -

FTBE 202 Metal Forming theory and

practice 3 2 3 20 20 - 60 100 -

Total 14

b – Elective courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade

Prere-

quisite Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBE 204 Stress analysis 3 3 - 40 - - 60 100

FTBS 208 Structure and properties of

Fibrous materials 3 2 3 20 20 - 60 100 -

FTBE 206 Adhesives Technology 3 3 - 40 - - 60 100

Fourth Semister

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a – Compulsory courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade

Prere-

quisite Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBS 301 Solid state physics 3 2 2 15 15 10 60 100 FTBS 207

FTBS 303 Phase equihibria and reaction of

metal oxides. 3 2 3 15 15 10 60 100 FTBS 203

FTBS 305 Structural and chemical

characterization of materials 3 2 3 15 15 10 60 100 FTBS 210

FTBE 301 Heat and mass transfer and their

applications 3 2 3 15 15 10 60 100 FTBS 202

FTBE 303 Theory of elasticity and

plasticity 3 3 - 30 - 10 60 100 FTBS 207

Total 15

b – Elective courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade Prere-quisite

Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBS 307 Amorphous solids and supper

conductors 2 2 - 30 - 10 60 100 FTBS 207

FTBS 309 Solid State material Chemistry 2 2 - 30 - 10 60 100 FTBS 208

FTBE 305 Wood Technology 2 2 - 30 - 10 60 100 -

Fifth Semister

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a – Compulsory courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade

Prere-

quisite Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBS 302 Polymer Science and Technology 3 2 3 15 15 10 60 100 FTBS 101

FTBS 304 Physical metallurgy and

processing of materials 2 2 - 30 - 10 60 100 FTBS 303

FTBS 306 Thermo-mechanical treatments of

Materials 3 2 3 15 15 10 60 100 FTBE 301

FTBS 308 Electrical, Optical and Magnetic

Materials and devices 2 2 - 30 - 10 60 100 FTBS 207

FTBS 310 Electrochemistry & corrosion 2 2 - 30 - 10 60 100 FTBS 102

FTBS 312 Industrial catalysis 2 2 - 30 - 10 60 100 FTBS 301

FTBS 314 Field training 1 - 50 50 - 100

Total 15

b – Elective courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade Prere-quisite

Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBE 302 Composite materials science &

technology 3 3 - 30 - 10 60 100 FTBS 208

FTBS 316 Materials Examination and

Inspections 3 2 3 15 15 10 60 100 FTBS 301

FTBS 318 Thermal analysis 3 3 - 30 - 10 60 100 FTBS 202

Sixth Semister

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a – Compulsory courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade

Prere-

quisite Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBS 401 Material science

manufacturing 3 3 - 30 - 10 60 100 FTBS 203

FTBE 401 Coating Technology and their

Application 3 2 3 15 15 10 60 100 FTBS 310

FTBS 403 Biomedical Materials 2 2 - 30 - 10 60 100 FTBS 201

FTBE 403 Casting Science and

Technology 3 2 3 15 15 10 60 100 FTBE 204

FTBS 405 Graduation Project I 2 - - - - - - - -

Total 13

b – Elective courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade Prere-quisite

Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBE 405 Design of Industrial Waste in

treatment Systems 3 3 - 30 - 10 60 100 -

FTBS 407 Zeolites and their industrial

applications 3 2 3 15 15 10 60 100 FTBS 312

FTBE 407 Pollution control 3 3 - 30 - 10 60 100 -

Seventh Semister

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a – Compulsory courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade Prere-quisite

Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBE 402 Materials science in Engineering

Design 3 2 3 15 15 10 60 100 -

FTBS 402 Applied polymer processing 3 2 3 15 15 10 60 100 FTBS 302

FTBS 404 Chemistry of advanced materials 3 3 - 30 - 10 60 100 FTBS 207

FTBS 406 Graduation Project 2 2 - 25 25 50 100 100 -

FTBE 404 Powder technology 3 2 3 15 15 10 100 100 FTBS 208

Total 14

b – Elective courses

Course

code Course title Cr.H Lec. Prac.

Exams Grade Prere-quisite

Y.w Prac. Oral Wr.

FTBS 408 Ceramics/ Glass Science and

Technology 3 3 - 30 - 10 60 100 FTBS 303

FTBS 410 Biotechnology product and

equipments 3 2 3 15 15 10 60 100 FTBS 405

FTBE 406 Statistical quality control 3 3 - 30 - 10 60 100 -

Eighth Semister

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Course Contents

FTLH 101 English Language

Characteristics of technical English language, revision of grammar, rules of style and features

of the sentence, common mistakes in writing the technical english sentence, building-up

paragraphs, kinds of paragraphs, explaining the main idea in a text, developing skills of

communication through reading and analyzing extracts of technical writing in the various

branches of chemistry and engineering.

FTLH 103 Quality Assurance

In this course, students examine the practice standards in relation to various fields pertaining

to construction and environmental law, supervision and management, students learn to

identify the requirements for various standards, relate how quality assurance practices are

integral to codes and standards interpretation, understand international competition

opportunities, and assess quality assurance requirements for implementation.

FTLH 105 Human Rights

Basic concepts about human rights, what is the human rights, importance of human rights

study, human rights and peoples rights, human rights initiation and resources, evolution and

initiation resources, national resources, international resources, types of human rights and

their constrains rights, civilian and politication rights, economical and social rights, human

rights in islamic laws and other laws constrains, constrains under ordinary circumstances,

constrains and expecional circumstances, mechanisms of human rights protection,

organizational mechanisms, ligistlative mechanisms at national and international levels,

applied aspects of human rights in science and research fields, local and global human rights

case studies.

FTLH 107 Accounting and Finance

Account and the formula of debit and credit, entry and posting, trial balance and adjustment,

financial statement, balance sheet, sales, journal, a statement of basic accounting theory, cash,

accounting control and administrative control, bank reconciliation, short-term investment,

inventory.

FTLH 109 Teams and Work Groups

Teams as a concept, types of teams and their functions, team building, team effectiveness,

team measurements.

FTLH 111 History of Sciences and Technology

Definition of arts, sciences and engineering technology, cultures development and its relation

to natural and human sciences and society, history of technology and engineering, historical

interrelation between science and technology, relations between the engineering and

environmental development socially, economically and civilization.

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FTLH 112 Academic English for Science Students

English language skills, science concepts and IT skills are integrated through a project-based

approach. The aims are: to motivate students to use their English, to build confidence in using

English in written and spoken forms, to highlight problem areas, to point to sources of

information, to recommend improvement through the use of English language skills rather

than mastery of a corpus of rules.

FTBE 100 Technical Writing

Stages of preparation of scientific reports (define the object-information gathering- studies

preparation-runny experiments- writing drift of report), studying the styles of writing reports,

use of word processing, spread electronic sheets, electronic mail, data presentation in tables,

figures and, charts, (case studies, technical letters, design reports, final reports), conducting

laboratory experiments and writing their reports. use of email to write short reports and

technical letters, conducting field studies and preparing posters, working in groups of

students.

FTBS 101 General Chemistry (I)

Introduction to atomic theory, chemical formula, chemical equations, electronic structure of

atoms, properties of atoms, ionic bonds, covalent bonds, molecular geometry, molecular

orbitals. Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBS 102 General Chemistry (II)

Gases, liquids, solids, solutions, reactions in aqueous solution, chemical kinetics, chemical

equilibrium, theories of acids & bases, elements of chemical thermodynamics,

electrochemistry. Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBE 102 Computer Aided Technical and Construction Drawing

Interpretation of engineering drawing, representation of machine parts, simpolic

representation of piplines networks, technical drawing representation of electric circuits

networks, assembly drawing all using AutoCAD.

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBC 102 Communication Skills

Basic principles of communication theory, theory and practice of speech communication,

preparation, presentation, communication interaction, and evaluation of different speech

situations and negotiations, aspects in intercultural communication, english communication

skills applied in the situations of introduction, clarifying meaning, job preferences, hotel

check-in, office routines, making appointments, recent experiences, locations, directions,

describing processes, complaints, giving advice, asking for permission, future plans.

FTBS 103 Mathematics

Differential calculus with emphasis on rates of change in problems concerning the chemical

sciences, applied maxima and minima problems, indefinite integrals, the definite integral as a

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tool to find area under a curve and mean values elementary differential equations and

separation of variables, first and second order equations with constant coefficients, steady

state and transient solutions, solution by numerical methods, systems modeling with

applications to mixing and dilution, heat and pressure changes, use of computer software (e.g.

Maple and/or Excel) to solve relevant chemical sciences applications curve fitting, systems of

linear equations, algebraic and transcendental equations and numerical integration.

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBS 104 Physics

Kinematics, dynamics, friction, statics, energy, power, circular motion, properties of solids

and fluids, heat, electricity and magnetism, and wave motion, electricity and magnetism

including electrostatics, DC circuits, magnetic fields, magnetic induction, AC circuits and

semiconductors, heat including heat and temperature, heat transfer, ideal gases and

thermodynamics, wave motions including light and sound, mathematical treatment.

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBE 104 Management of Energy Resources

Energy resources and their distribution, solar thermal energy systems, biomass energy

conversion systems, biogas production systems, nuclear energy systems, wind energy

systems, conventional thermal power plants, economics of power plants, heat recovery

systems, management of different energy resources.

FTBS 105 Computer

Introduction to computer, data representation in computers, introduction to operation systems,

focusing on windows, microsoft windows XP, microsoft word 2000, microsoft PowerPoint

2000, microsoft excel, microsoft access.

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBS 106 General Biology

Biology as a science. cell structure, cycle and mitosis, general reproduction and meiosis,

mendelian genetics, development, evolution, phylogenetic relationships, bacteria, viruses,

fungi, plants, lower animals, coelomates. ecology.

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBE 200 Metrology

Errors, linear, angular and contour measurements, sine bar, rotating table fits and tolerances,

interchangeability, ISO shaft and hole systems of fits and tolerances, thread and gear

metrology, surface texture, out of roundness and flatness measurement, sensing devices,

transducers, smart sensors and transmitters, force, torque and train measurements, design of

load cells, temperature, pressure and flow measurements. Experiments concerning the

metrology instruments: linear measurements: callipers, height, depth and dial gauges,

micrometers and block gauges, angular measurements: sinebar, universal bevel protector,

comparison test, snap micrometer, optical comparator, surface texture, roundness test. the

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coordinate measurement system, alignment test with auto-collimator, temperature, force and

displacement measurements.

FTBS 201 Structure and Reactivity

Introduction to structure and bonding in organic compounds Covalent bonding and chemical

reactivity Reactions of organic compounds as acids and bases Reaction Pathways Alkanes and

cycloalkanes Stereochemistry Nucleophilic substitUtion and elimination reactions Alkenes

Alkynes Alcohols, diols, and ethers

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBE 201 Principles of Engineering Materials

Atomic bonding, crystallography, defects, Diffusion, Mechanical properties, strengthening

mechanisms, Failure of materials and engineering components, Phase diagrams,

Microstructural design of materials, Polymers, Corrosion, Electrical, magnetic, optical

properties, Case studies.

FTBS 202 Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics concepts, states, properties, systems, control volume, processes, cycles,

units, tables of properties, work and heat, first law, internal energy and enthalpy, conservation

of mass, steady–state and uniform state processes, second law, heat engines and refrigerators,

reversible processes, Carnot cycle, entropy, Clausius inequality, principle of the increase of

entropy, efficiencies, irreversibility and availability, Helmholtz and Gibbs functions, vapor,

air power and refrigeration cycles, mixtures of gas and vapor, psychrometry, combustion,

enthalpy of formation, heat of reaction, compressible flow. Measurement of specific heat

ratio, heat pump, bomb calorimeter, conversion of work to heat, single stage air compressor,

air cooler, Marcet boiler, flash and fire points.

FTBE 202 Metal Forming Theory and Practice

Introduction to metal forming processes: Metal forming system, processes, working limits

Stress and Strain, Macroscopic Plasticity and Yield Criteria, Hardening, Plastic instability,

Strain Rate & Temperature, Ideal Work (Uniform Energy) Method, Slab Analysis (Force

Balance Method), Upper Bound Analysis, Slip-Line Field Theory, Numerical Methods: FDM

and FEM, Deformation Zone Geometry and failure prevention, Formability, Formability of

Sheet Metal and Plastic Anisotropy, Stamping of Sheet Metal: Blanking, piercing, bending

and springback, and Stamping of Sheet Metal: Cupping, Redrawing and Ironing.

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBS 203 Introduction to Material Science

Atomic bonding crystallography, defects, Diffusion, Mechanical properties, strengthening

mechanisms, Failure of materials and engineering components, Phase diagrams,

Microstructural and nanostructural design of materials, Heat treatment processes for metallic

alloys, Polymers and polymer processing, Composites and composite processing, Ceramics

and ceramic processing, Electrical properties, Semiconductor device processing and thin

films.

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FTBE 203 Materials Recycling

Storage, collection, transport, separation, treatment, processing, recycling, and disposal of

solid waste. Planning assistance, technical assistance, and financial assistance for solid waste

management. Resource recovery systems. Efficient and proper methods of managing solid

waste. Development of waste reduction and recycling programs through planning assistance,

technical assistance, grants, and other incentives. Recycling industries by promoting the

successful development of markets for recycled items and by promoting the acceleration and

advancement of the technology used in manufacturing processes that use recycled items;

Development and implementation of source separation, resource recovery, or recycling

programs.

FTBS 204 Introduction to Material and Manufacturing

Relationship between microstructures of solid materials and their engineering properties. The

dependence of mechanical, electronic, magnetic, thermal, and chemical properties of metals,

semiconductors, ceramics, polymers, and glasses on their chemical bonding, electronic

structure, atomic arrangement, and phase composition.

FTBE 204 Stress Analysis

Stress-Strain, Torsion, Axial force- Shear and bending moments, Pure bending of beams,

Shearing stresses in beams, Compound stresses, Analysis of plane stresses and strain,

Combined stresses- pressure vessels- Failure theories, Design of members by strength criteria,

Deflection of beams, Columns, Connections, Thick walled cylinders, The energy methods.

FTBS 205 Mathematics for Material Science

Integration as antiderivative – Methods of integration (integration by parts, substitution,

partial functions, power of trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, reduction formulas) -

Definite integrals (properties, Reimann lower and upper sums – fundamental theorem of

integral calculus, improper integrals) – Applications (areas, volume of revolution, surface

area) – Approximations (trapezoidal and Simpson) Introduction to simple first order

differential equations.

Vector algebra (representation of vectors in space, vector product) – polar, cylindrical and

spherical coordinates – methods of representing vectors in space – General form of the second

order equation representing conic sections (properties of conic sections, parabola, ellipse,

hyperbola) – Translation and rotation of coordinate axes – Equations of the two lines –

spheres – surface of revolution – Line and plane in space.

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBS 206 Properties of Materials

Elastic behavior, plastic behavior, single crystals, critical resolved shear stress, macroscopic

yield, mechanical twinning, ductility, mechanical properties in tension, compression, work

hardening, effects of temperature and rate of deformation, fatigue, creep, hardness, fracture.

Deformation mechanism maps.

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

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FTBE 206 Adhesives Technology

The objective of the course is to provide a thorough grounding in the technology of adhesive

bonding. The course starts with a review of the science of adhesion and adhesives and moves

on to consider pre-treatment, different adhesive types and the design of bonded joints.

Testing, durability and quality assurance are discussed and case studies in automobile,

packaging and microelectronics presented. Theory and application of epoxy resins with

various curing agents, fillers, catalysts and reinforcing material, for use with other composite

materials to make products for aerospace, electronics and electrical applications.

FTBS 207 Physics of Materials

Nature and spectrum adsorption, detection, scattering by atoms, diffraction by crystal,

instruments (monochromators, cameras) diffraction methods. Ultrasonic. crystal structure:

fundamentals of structural crystallography, crystal systems ,symmetry elements ,lattice

directions and planes, symmetry classes and point groups ,matrix operators for symmetry

elements, projections: spherical, orthographic, and stereographic. applications.

FTBS 208 Structure and Properties of Fibrous Materials

Structure and mechanical properties of short fiber reinforced polymers and paper. The

relevant structural variables will include fiber parameters such as: length, strength and

modulus, and composite/sheet parameters such as fiber dispersion and orientation. Analytical

and numerical methods of describing the structure will be dealt with in detail. The discussion

of the properties will begin with the classical shear lag model of Cox and will involve

calculation of modulus, tensile strength, and fracture toughness. A roughly equal proportion

of time will be spent on examples dealing with paper and short fiber reinforced polymers,

although most of the underlying theory is valid for both types of materials.

FTBS 209 Radiation

Nuclear radiation, microscopic flux and microscopic cross-section, attenuation of radiation

fission, elastic collision slowing down infinite multiplication constant: Fuel and breeder

materials manufacture and properties: Structural materials: Radiation damage in fuel

elements: Structural ccolant and control rod materials: Nuclear power; present and future

states.

FTBS 211 Surface and Colloidal Technology

Surface chemistry: goal, dcflnition of’ a surface and definition of porosity, SI3Pl’ theory and

its extensions, characterization and measurement of porosity, characterization methods for

solid surface, spectroscopy. photo-electronic spectroscopy. Thermo-gravimetric analysis,

adsorption methods, diffraction methods, basic gmups of porous materials and their

applications.

Colloids: preparation, properties, the constitution of sols: the electrical double layer. Electro-

kinetic and electrochemical properties of sols, the stability of hydrophobic and hydrophilic

sols. gelatinous precipitates and jellies of organic and inorganic substances, emulsions:

preparation, properties and stability, foams: formation and stability. fanis prevention and

destruction, applications of colloidal solutions, Conducting lahoratoi’v experiments rclate(I to

the surface activity and colloidal solutions.

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FTBS 301 Solid State Physics

An emphasis on the wide variety of phenomena that form the basis for modern solid state

devices. Topics include crystals, lattice vibrations, quantum mechanics of electronics in

solids, energy band z, semiconductors, superconductors, dielectrics, and magnets.

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBE 301 Heat and Mass Transfer and Their application.

Principles of heat transfer including conduction, convection, and radiation involved with

materials and processing techniques. Manual and computer assisted calculations with

applications in manufacturing.

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBS 302 Polymer Science and Technology

Emphasizes the nature and types of polymers and methods for studying them. Surveys

chemical structures and methods of synthesis, and develops the physics of the special

properties of polymers (e.g., rubber elasticity, tacticity, glass transitions, crystallization,

dielectric and mechanical relaxation, and permselectivity). Discusses morphology of polymer

systems and its influence on properties. Topics covered include polymerization reactions,

characterization of polymers, and structure and properties of semi-crystalline and amorphous

polymeric materials. Structure of polymers, elastic behavior, finite strain elasticity, visco-

elastic behavior of polymers, time-temperature superposition, free volume theory, relaxation

processes, nonlinear and anisotropic behavior, yielding and fracture.

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBE 302 Composite Materials Science & Technology

Classification of composite materials, Dispersion strengthened, particle-reinforced and fiber-

reinforced composites, laminates, properties of matrix and reinforcement materials: Strength-

to-weight ratios are emphasized including strength measuring, testing, and altering. An

emphasis is placed on fiber reinforced composites including those containing graphite and

Kevlar fibers. Micromechanics and principle of strengthening, elastic properties, stress-strain

relations, fracture behavior, Fabrication methods and structural applications of different types

of composite materials

FTBS 303 Phase Equilibria and Reaction of Metal Oxides

Phase rule. Application of phase rule for one component system, two component system,

three-component system. Oxide systems Two oxides Monovalent oxide plus other oxides

Divalent oxide plus other oxides Trivalent oxide plus other oxides Tetravalent oxide plus

other oxides Pentavalent oxide plus other oxides Three Oxides Monovalent oxide plus other

oxides Divalent oxide plus other oxides Trivalent oxide plus other oxides Tetraval oxide plus

other oxides. Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBE 303 Theory of Elasticity and Plasticity

Review of the concepts of stress, strain, equilibrium, compatibility; Hooke's law (isotropic

materials); displacement and stress formulations of elasticity problems; plane stress and strain

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problems in rectangular coordinates (Airy's stress function approach); plane stress and strain

problems in polar coordinates, axisymmetric problems; torsion of prismatic bars (semi-

inverse method using real function approach); thermal stress; and energy methods. Describes

the theory of finite (nonlinear) elasticity governing large deformations of highly deformable

elastic solids. New features not present in the linear theory are emphasized. These include

instabilities (both material and geometric), normal stress effects, non-uniqueness, bifurcations

and stress singularities. Both physical and mathematical implications considered. The results

are applicable to rubber-like and biological materials and the theory serves as a prototype for

more elaborate nonlinear theories of mechanics of continuous media.

FTBS 304 Physical Metallurgy and Processing of Materials

Reinforces fundamental concepts, introduces advance topics, and develops literacy in the

major alloys of transition elements. Emphasizes microstructural evolution by composition and

thermomechanical process control. Topics include phase diagrams, transformation kinetics,

martensitic transformation, precipitation, diffusion, recrystallization, and solidification.

Considers both experimental and model-simulation approaches. Crystallography, X-ray

diffraction, defects, diffusion, metallography, phase transformation, heat treatment, plastic

deformation, creep, fatigue and fracture, minerals processing.

FTBS 305 Structural and Chemical Characterization of Materials

X-ray production and properties,Crystallography and Diffraction, Lab 1: Safety and operation

of x-ray equipment and x-ray adsorption (Miniflex), Diffraction -Reciprocal Space, Lab 2:

Diffraction from bone and refractory metals (Miniflex), Ewald sphere construction, Structure

factor, Diffraction Intensity, Electron Diffraction,Lab 3: Transmission Electron Diffraction

(JEOL 4000 FX), Surface Diffraction and Film growth, Lab 4: Orientation and quality of

crystals (RHEED), Diffraction from real crystals, Electron Microscopy and image contrast,

Lab 5: TED/TEM of polycrystalline film, Fourrier Transform methods and diffraction,

Scanning electron microscopy Lab 6: Orientation imaging and Biological imaging in the

environmental SEM (Phillips Scope and OIM system and environmental SEM),Neutron

Diffraction, General Concepts of Spectroscopy, Non-radiative spectroscopy: Auger Electron

Spectroscopy (AES), Lab 7: AES (Phi Scanning Auger), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

(XPS), Lab 8: XPS (Perkin Elmer XPS system)

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBE 305 Wood Technology

Wood Technology offers the student the chance to become familiar with all woodworking

machines, tools, fundamental processes and techniques which would help him/her become

acquainted with the properties and uses of wood. Students will make several required

projects. Exploring different areas of woodworking such as carving, inlaying, lathe work, etc.

FTBS 306 Thermo-Mechanical Treatments of Materials

The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of metals and alloys can be varied

drastically by thermal and mechanical treatments which change their microstructure.

Thermodynamics of transformation, nature of interfaces, theory of nucleation, solidification

of pure metals and binary alloys, ingot solidification, segregation and porosity during

solidification of alloys, growth during solid state transformation, overall transformation

kinetics, ferrite, pearlite, bainite and massive transformation, precipitation and Ostwald

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ripening, recovery, recrystallization and grain growth, martensitic transformation, TTT and

CCT diagrams of steel, structure-property relation in steels, annealing and normalizing,

tempering of steels including secondary hardening and temper embrittlement, physics of

quenching and hardenability of steels surface, hardening of steels (carburizing, nitriding,

carbonitriding, induction and flame hardening), thermo-mechanical treatment, heat treatment

of tool steels and cast irons, precipitation in Al-alloys and super alloys.

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBS 307 Amorphous Solids and Supper Conductors

A) Amorphous solids: Introduction. Structural classification of condensed maters Crystalline -

Quasi crystal – amorphous General character of amorphous material and condition of

verification Study of amorphous structure: X-ray diffraction- Electron microscopy

Structure of amorphous material using x-ray diffraction X-ray diffraction in amorphous

material. The radical distribution function of amorphous structure Short range order

Medium range order (layer structure) Long range order (crystal and quasi crystal).

Preparation of amorphous material Bulk material Thin film Physical properties of

amorphous material Electrical properties. Optical properties. Thermal analysis of

amorphous - crystalline transformation.

b) Superconductors: Introduction Classification of electrical materials Insulating materials.

Semiconductor materials Conductor materials . Superconductor materials Types of

Superconductor Historical introduction Superconducting element and alloys. High

temperature Tc Superconductor. Superconductor Carbon phase (Florine) C60 C70 C80.

The old history of Superconductor materials The prevdskite structure of high Tc

Superconductor. Effect of magnetic field (Field intensity - Meins field). Critical current

and field. Preparation of florine and high temperature Tc materials. Applications: Josphine

junction – the squed – Superconductor cable.

FTBS 308 Electrical, Optical, Magnetic Materials and Devices

Explore the fundamental physical laws governing electrons in solids, and show how that

knowledge can be applied to understanding electronic, optical and magnetic properties.

Students will gain an understanding of how these properties vary between different types of

materials, and thus why specific materials are optimal for important technological

applications. It will also be shown how processing issues further define materials choices for

specific applications. Fibre optic sensors, photoelectric techniques in optical measuring

Instruments; Introduction to lasers; Laser based techniques and instruments for metrology.

FTBS 309 Solid State Material Chemistry

The Growth and form of crystals. Lattices and crystal structures. X- ray crystallography.

Crystal structure determination. The quantum statistics.

Semiconductors. Doping of semiconductors. Defects and their influences on the catalytic

activity of a solid materials. Statistical thermodynamics of crystals

FTBS 310 Electrochemistry & Corrosion

Importance of corrosion: Thermodynamics and kinetics of corrosion processes: Important

forms of corrosion: Corrosion control: Analysis of corrosion failures: Emerging trends on

corrosion engineering. Swelling and dissolution. Bond rupture. Weathering.

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FTBS 312 Industrial Catalysis

General aspects and history of catalysis. Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Role of

catalytic reactions in the chemical industry. Importance of catalysis in the national economy.

Poisoning and regeneration of catalysts. Modern methods of studying catalysts. Synthesis of

methyl alcohol from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Synthesis of different chemicals from

ethyl alcohol. Esterficution reactions.

FTBS 314 field training

Practical work for at least 50 hours, on specific one of the industrial problem under the

supervision of faculty member and on expert from the industry.

FTBS 316 Materials Examination and Inspections

Microstructural features and their effect on mechanical, electrical and optical properties.

Point, line, and planar defects; kinematical theory of diffraction; reciprocal space; single

crystal diffraction patterns; dynamical theory of diffraction; direct observations of

dislocations and stacking faults. Typical techniques may include Hall Effect, scanning probe

microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ellipsometry, and x-ray diffraction. Weekly

laboratory involving use of electron microscope

Conducting laboratory experiments related to the above topics.

FTBS 318 Thermal Analysis

Introduction. Thermogravimetry (TG). Instrumentation for thermogravimetry Applications of

thermogravimetry. Experimental. Differential thermal analysis DTA and differential scanning

calorimetry (DSC). Instrumentation for DTA and DSC. Experimental and instrumental

factors. Applications of DTA and DSC.

FTBS 401 Materials Science Manufacturing

This course is the study of engineering materials used in the fabrication of products including

metals, polymers, ceramics, composites and elastomers Topics include physical, mechanical

and electrical properties of materials, elements of strength of materials, failure criteria, and

materials selection

FTBE 401 Coating Technology and Their Application

Purpose and scope of surface coatings :Surface coating processes and characterization of

coatings: Flame spraying: Detonation spraying: Spray and fuse welding: Clading:

Electroplating: Electrophoretic deposition: Chemical vapour deposition: Metallizing etc.:

Factors affecting the choice of coating material and process: Testing of surface coatings.

FTBS 402 Applied Polymer Processing

Generalized treatment of Non-Newtonian fluids, General concepts of Rheology Poiseuille,

Flow, Tube flow corrections: End corrections (Bagley), kinetic energy corrections, Non-

Newtonian models: Bingham, shear thickening, shear thinning, power law. Generalized

treatment of Non-Newtonian fluids, analysis of capillary flow without 7. Determination of

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“true” parameters at the WALL, significance of “rn”, Non- isothermal flow and Arrhenius

conditions, Shear heating, laminar vs. turbulent, flow (Reynold’s number),Analysis of flow in

the channel of a constant geometry screw, “z” and “x” components, Analysis of die flow

coupled to extruder flow, extruder characteristics, Q-P curves for extruder-die combinations,

Analysis of flow for a compression screw in an extruder, Molecular models for polymer melt

flow, Eyring model, Limitations of model, Current understanding of parameters important in

polymer flow ( & glassy state), Stages in the cycle of a reciprocating screw injection molder,

pressure-time cycles. Important variables in injection molding, Moldability tests, Batch

mixing and aspects of polymer blends, both miscible and immiscible.1

FTBE 402 Materials Science in Engineering Design

Materials in engineering design, engineering economics, time value of money, depreciation,

profitability, return on investment, cost estimation, library/technical and economic,

information searching, patents and intellectual property, report writing, case histories in

design, alternative processing, oral presentations, ethical, societal and legal aspects of design.

FTBS 403 Biomedical Materials

This course focuses on biomaterials and their physiological interactions. Included are

materials used in medicine and dentistry- metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, smart,

natural materials; material response/degeneration? mechanical breakdown, corrosion,

dissolution, leaching, chemical degradation, and wear; and host responses? foreign body

reactions, inflammation, wound healing, local and systematic effects. Experiments include

mechanical testing, thermal analysis, physical metallurgy, experimental stress analysis,

adsorption and wetting measurements, and specification testing. This course aims to give

students an understanding of the methods of production and handling of biomaterials for use

in the design, development and testing of clinical devices for implantation, surface contact or

percutaneous surgical techniques. In particular they will be aware of the structural nature of

the materials and the consequent implications of this structure to the performance, in vivo, of

the materials in use.

FTBE 403 Casting Science and Technology

Basic principles, techniques and materials used in pattern construction. Theory and practice in

techniques and principles of metal casting operations, equipment, testing, and inspection

methods related to quality and production control. Casting design: casting with ferrous, non-

ferrous and superalloys: net-shape casting: advances in molding materials, melt treatment and

casting techniques: modeling of casting, solidification: automation and quality control,

foundry pollution and control

FTBS 404 Chemistry of Advanced Materials

Preparation, structure, composition, and properties of advanced materials with emphasis on

the underlying chemistry. Atomic structure and bonding of crystalline and amorphous solids

and crystalline defects. Materials synthesis and processing by chemical and physical

deposition methods. The relation of structure to materials properties. Selected topics including

thin films, nanostructure and nanocomposites, and bulk materials.

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FTBE 404 Powder Technology

Advances in metal powder production methods, Characterization of metal powders: Chemical

composition and structure. Particle size and their shape and their determination: Powder flow,

compressibility and porosity measurements: Treatment of metal powders: Behavior of powder

during compaction: Die compaction: Types of presses: Tooling and design: Modern methods

of powder consolidation, Iso-static pressing: Roll compaction, Powder extrusion and forging,

Slip casting, evaluation of sintered products.

FTBS 405 Graduation Project I

The course provides an introduction to research methodology, ways of making literature

review, the manner of writing technical reports, and specifying topic of graduation project. In

addition, this course is mainly a study and an analysis of a specific problem in a field

determined jointly by the student and his/her advisor.

FTBE 405 Design of Industrial Waste in Treatment Systems.

Design to provide the student with the fundamentals of air and water pollution proplems and

the control technology and legislation associated with these problems

FTBE 406 Statistical Quality Control

Design of quality control systems, quality methods for establishing product specifications,

control, variables and attributes charts, acceptance sampling, operating characteristics curves,

process capabilities, QC software.

FTBS 407 Zeolites and Their Industrial Applications

Natural zeolites Zeolites chemistry Synthesis of zeolites Structure and characterization Ion

exchange and modification. Adsorption and diffusion. Industrial Applications of Zeolites.

FTBE 407 Pollution Control

Air quality, sources of pollutants, influence of metrological phenomena on air quality,

engineering systems for air pollution control, combustion processes, water quality, physical

and chemical water, quality parameters, engineering systems for waste water treatment from

industrial processes.

FTBS 408 Ceramics/ Glass Science and Technology

In the ceramics unit, the students learn that most ceramics are crystalline solids that have

properties related to the ionic or covalent bonds that hold them together. Students also learn

that glass has different properties than most ceramics due to the amorphous structure of glass.

Powder preparation, forming and consolidation, non, powder processing routes: Structural

ceramics: Elastic behavior, toughness, strength, creep and plastic deformation: Electronic

magnetic and optical properties: Conductivity, dielectric, piezo-andpyro-electric materials,

magnetic ferrites, transparent and non-linear optical ceramics. A variety of processes used to

manufacture ceramics are studied including a stained. Examples of experiments include:

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Forming, Firing, and, Glazing Clay, Thermal Shock, Glass Bending and Blowing, Glass

Batching and Melting, Coloring Glass, and Ceramic Slip Casting.

FTBS 410 Biotechnology Product and Equipments

Biotechnology Products & Equipments, Food & Agriculture Products, Healthcare Products,

Other Biotech Products, Biotech Laboratory Equipments.