materials handling - osha
TRANSCRIPT
Materials HandlingMODULE 18
2 ©2006 TEEX
Materials Handling on Oil and Gas Sites
What materials are handled? What machines are used to handle
them? What precautions are taken to avoid
accidents and injuries?
3 ©2006 TEEX
Regulations
29 CFR 1910 Subpart N 29 CFR 1926 Subparts H and N API RP 54, 4G, 9B ANSI B56.6 for forklifts Crane standards for derricks?
RP 54 and general duty clause Look at application for each crane standard
Materials Handling and Storage29 CFR 1910 SUBPART N
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Organization of Subpart N
1910.176 - Handling materials - general 1910.177 - Servicing multi-piece and single piece rim
wheels 1910.178 - Powered industrial trucks 1910.178 App A – Stability of powered industrial
trucks (non-mandatory) 1910.179 - Overhead and gantry cranes 1910.180 - Crawler locomotive and truck cranes 1910.181 - Derricks 1910.183 - Helicopters 1910.184 - Slings
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1910.176 Handling materials - general
Mechanical equipment: safe clearances; permanent passageways marked
Housekeeping – avoid tripping, fire, explosion, or pest harborage hazards
Covers or guardrails for open pits, tanks, vats, ditches
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1910.176 Handling materials - general
Storage must not create a hazard: Stable/secure against sliding or collapse
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1910.177 Servicing multi-piece and single-piece rim wheels
Applies to large vehicles; not pickups, automobiles, or vans
Training Tire servicing equipment Wheel component acceptability Safe operating procedures
Powered Industrial Trucks29 CFR 1910.178
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1910.178 Powered industrial trucks
Contains safety requirements relating to: Fire protection Design Maintenance Use of fork trucks, tractors, platform lift trucks,
motorized hand trucks, and other specialized industrial trucks powered by electric motors or internal combustion engines
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1910.178 Powered industrial trucks
ANSI B56.1 1969 Marking indicating approval by testing
laboratory No modifications that affect capacity
and safe operation without manufacturer’s prior written approval
Front-end attachments identified Markings maintained legible
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1910.178(b) and (c)
Designations for industrial trucks by fuel and safeguards against ignition source
Designated locations where specific types of trucks may be used Table N-1
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1910.178(e) Safety guards
Overhead guards for High Lift Rider trucks if operations permit
Vertical load backrest extension for types of loads that present hazards
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1910.178(f) Fuel handling and storage
Storing and handling of liquid fuels: Follow NFPA No. 30-1969
Storing and handling of LPG fuel: Follow NFPA No. 58-1969
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1910.178(g) Changing and charging storage batteries
Battery charging installations located in areas designated for that purpose
Facilities provided for Flushing and neutralizing spilled electrolyte, For fire protection, For protecting charging apparatus from damage
by trucks, and For adequate ventilation for dispersal of fumes
from gassing batteries
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1910.178(g) Changing and charging storage batteries
Conveyor, overhead hoist, or equivalent provided for handling batteries
Reinstalled batteries properly positioned and secured in the truck
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1910.178(g) Changing and charging storage batteries
When charging batteries, acid poured into water; not water poured into acid
Trucks properly positioned and brake applied before attempting to change or charge batteries
Care taken to assure that vent caps are functioning
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1910.178(g) Changing and charging storage batteries
Smoking prohibited in the charging area Precautions taken to prevent open
flames, sparks, or electric arcs in battery charging areas
Tools and metallic objects kept away from the tops of batteries
DANGER DANGERNo smoking
sparks oropen flames
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1910.178(h) and (i)
Auxiliary directional lighting on truck if lighting <2 lumens per square foot
Control carbon monoxide to levels in 1910.1000
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1910.178(k) Trucks and railroad cars
Brakes set and wheel chocks placed for highway trucks boarded with powered industrial trucks
Positive protection to keeptrain cars from moving while loading or with dockboards/bridge plates
Fixed jacks for uncoupled semitrailer during loading
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1910.178(l) Operator training
Ensure that before employee operates a powered industrial truck, operator has completed training and evaluation successfully
Trainees may operate a powered industrial truck only: Under direct supervision of persons with the
knowledge, training, and experience to train operators and evaluate their competence; and
Where such operation does not endanger the trainee or other employees.
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1910.178(l) Operator training
Required: Lecture or other formal instruction
(computer, video tape, written) Practical training (demonstrations and
exercises) Evaluation by trainer of operator
performance in workplace Refresher training required after certain
conditions in (4)
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1910.178(l)(3) Training program content
Truck-related training topics: Operating instructions, warnings, and precautions Differences between the truck and the automobile Truck controls and instrumentation:
where they are located what they do how they work
Engine or motor operation Steering and maneuvering Fork and attachment adaptation
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1910.178(l)(3) Training program content
Truck-related training topics: Vehicle capacity Vehicle stability Any vehicle inspection and maintenance that the
operator will be required to perform Refueling and/or charging and recharging of
batteries Operating limitations Operating instructions, warnings, or precautions
listed in the operator's manual
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1910.178(l)(3) Training program content
Workplace-related topics: Surface conditions Composition of loads and load stability Load manipulation, stacking, and
unstacking Pedestrian traffic in areas where the
vehicle will be operated Ramps and other sloped surfaces that
could affect the vehicle's stability
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1910.178(l) Certification
The certification shall include: Name of the operator; Date of the training; Date of the evaluation, and; Identity of the person(s)
performing the training or evaluation Previous training does not need to be
repeated if operator can operate safely
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1910.178(m) Truck operations
Trucks never driven up to anyone standing in front of a bench or other fixed object
No one allowed to stand or pass under the elevated portion of any truck, whether loaded or empty
Unauthorized personnel not permitted to ride on powered industrial trucks
A safe place to ride provided where riding of trucks is authorized
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1910.178(m) Truck operations
Prohibit arms or legs from being placed between the uprights of the mast or outside the running lines of the truck
When truck left unattended (25 ft. away or out of view): load engaging means fully lowered controls neutralized power shall be shut off brakes set
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1910.178(m) Truck operations
Maintain safe distance from edges of ramps or platforms while on any elevated location
Never use trucks to open or close freight doors
Trucks, trailers, and railroad cars: Immobilize vehicles and check floors for breaks and weakness before driving on
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1910.178(m) Truck operations
Overhead guard as protection against falling objects Intended to offer protection
from the impact of small packages, boxes, bagged material, etc.
Not intended to withstand the impact of a falling capacity load
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1910.178(n) Traveling
Follow all traffic regulations, including authorized speed limits
Maintain safe distance approximately three truck lengths from the truck ahead
Keep truck under control at all times
Three truck lengthsminimum
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1910.178(n) Traveling
Never pass other trucks traveling in the same direction at intersections, blind spots, or other dangerous locations
Slow down and sound horn at cross aisles and other locations where vision is obstructed
If the load being carried obstructs forward view, travel with the load trailing
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1910.178(n) Traveling
Ascending or descending grades >10%: drive loaded trucks with the load upgrade
On all grades the load and load engaging means tilted back if applicable, and raised only as far as necessary to clear the road surface
Overhead and Gantry Cranes29 CFR 1910.179
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1910.179(b) General Requirements
Application: cranes with trolleys and other characteristics similar to gantry cranes
ANSI B30.2.0-1967 Rated load marking on
each side and legible from the floor
Operated by designated personnel only
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Organization of Standard
c. Cabs – access, controls, locationd. Footwalks and ladders – location,
construction, walking/working surfacese. Stops, bumpers, rail sweeps, and
guardsf. Brakesg. Electric equipment, including
controllers
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Organization of Standard
h. Hoisting equipment – sheaves, ropes, equalizers, hooks
i. Warning devicej. Inspection – frequent and periodick. Testing – operational and loadl. Maintenancem. Rope inspection
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Organization of Standard
n. Handling the load1. Size2. Attaching the load3. Moving the load4. Hoist limit switch
o. Other requirements – ladders, cabs, fire extinguishers
Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes
29 CFR 1910.180
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1910.180(b) General Requirements
Application: Crawler cranes, locomotive cranes, wheel
mounted cranes, used as lifting cranes Both truck and self-propelled wheel type Powered by internal combustion engines or
electric motors Utilize drums and ropes
ANSI B30.5-1968 Operated by designated personnel only
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Organization of Standard
c. Load ratingsd. Inspection classificatione. Testingf. Maintenance procedure – Generalg. Rope inspectionh. Handling the loadi. Other requirementsj. Operations near overhead lines
Derricks29 CFR 1910.181
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1910.181(b) General Requirements
Application: “any modification of these types which
retain their fundamental features, except for floating derricks”
ANSI B30.6-1969 Operated by designated personnel only
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Organization of Standard
c. Load ratings – permanent and nonpermanent
d. Inspection e. Testingf. Maintenanceg. Rope inspectionh. Operations of derricksi. Handling the loadj. Other requirements
Slings29 CFR 1910.184
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Application
Used for hoisting of material Alloy steel chain Wire rope Metal mesh Natural or synthetic fiber rope Synthetic web
Illustrations in (b)
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(c) Safe operating practices
1. Never use damaged / defective slings2. Never shorten slings with makeshift
devices3. Never use kinked sling legs4. Never load slings in excess of rated
capacities5. Balance loads in basket hitches to
prevent slippage.
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(c) Safe operating practices
6. Attach slings securely to loads.7. Pad / protect slings from sharp edges.8. Keep suspended loads clear of
obstructions9. Keep employees clear of loads to be
lifted and suspended loads.
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(c) Safe operating practices
10.Never place hands or fingers between sling and load while sling is being tightened.
11.Shock loading is prohibited – take up the slack in the sling slowly.
12.Never pull a sling out from under a load while the load rests on it.
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Organization of Standard
c. Inspections – each day before use and during use
d. Alloy steel chain slingse. Wire rope slingsf. Metal mesh slings
Construction Standards29 CFR 1926 Subparts H and N
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Applicability of Construction Standards in 29 CFR 1926
Subpart H: Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal
Subpart N: Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors
Do construction standards apply: To a derrick during drilling operations? To a crane setting up equipment at a site?
Hazards & Standards for Oil & GasAPI RP 54, RP4G, RP9B