Locally Sourced Building Materials Advantages

- Reduce excess energy use - Reduce waste - Support the local economy

Cement

- Don Chapin Cement – 9 miles http://www.donchapin.com/readymix

- Graniterock – 26 miles http://www.graniterock.com/locations/salinas.html

- Lehigh Southwest Cement - 75 miles from Point Lobos http://www.lehighpermanente.com/

Masonry

- McNearmanufactures brick and pavers using 40% recycled materials. – 140 miles http://www.mcnear.com/

- Pacific Clay mines and manufactures bricks and pavers – 370 miles http://www.pacificclay.com/

Steel

- PDM Steel http://www.pdmsteel.com/index.html

- California Steel Industries – 370 miles http://www.californiasteel.com/index.php

- Albany Steel – 122 miles http://www.albanysteelinc.com/

Wood Products The following companies are managed under the standards of the Sustainable Forestry Initiative. Many manage forestlands in California and specialize in specific wood product(s).

• Sierra  Pacific  Industries  –  www.spi-­‐ind.com  • California  Redwood  Company  -­‐    http://www.californiaredwoodco.com/  • Timber  Products  Company  -­‐  http://www.timberproducts.com/  • Hancock  Timber  Resource  Group  -­‐  http://www.htrg.com/manage.htm  • Green  Diamond  Resource  Company  -­‐  http://www.greendiamond.com/  

Additional/Alternative Wood Product Suppliers - Crossroads Recycled Lumber specializes in reclaimed lumber, timber flooring, and barn wood.

http://crossroadslumber.com/ - Mendocino specializes in redwood decking and dimensional lumber.

http://www.mfp.com - Hayward lumber is a distributor 150 miles form Point Lobos that specializes in the distribution of

locally sourced sustainable materials. http://www.haywardlumber.com/default.asp

The Eggum Tourist Stop Architect: Snohetta The Eggum Tourist Stop is located in northern Norway. Excavated rock was used to fill gabion baskets. The entrance to the building is sheathed in locally sourced driftwood that was left untreated so that it would weather naturally.

Michael Reilly 10/14/2013

RAMMED EARTH

- CONSTRUCTED FROM LOCAL SOILS (SAND, GRAVEL AND CLAY) MIXED WITH CONCRETE AND COLOR ADDI-TIVES. FRAMED AND MOLDED INTO A SOLID WALL, AND SEALED TO PREVENT WATER DAMAGE IN MOIST AREAS.

- ACTS AS A THERMAL BARRIER. THE DENSITY, THICKNESS AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF RAMMED EARTH MAKE IT A SUITABLE MATERIAL FOR PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING. WARMTH TAKES ALMOST 12 HOURS TO WORK ITS WAY THROUGH A WALL 14 INCHES THICK. SLOWLY RETAINS HEAT IN THE DAY AND RELEASES HEAT IN THE EVENING.

- WORKS IN A RANGE OF ENVIRONMENTS, FROM TEMPERATE WET REGIONS TO MOUNTAIN AREAS AND THE TROPICS.

- REBAR, WOOD, BAMBOO, REINFORCEMENT IS NECESSARY IN SEISMIC AND HEAVY STORM AREAS. IN COLDER REGIONS, RAMMED EARTH WALLS CAN BE INSULATED WITH A STYROFOAM OR SIMILAR INSERT.

- CHEAP: USES LOCALLY AVAILABLE MATERIALS AND USUALLY HAVE LOW EMBODIED ENERGY AND GENERATE LITTLE WASTE.

- QUICK: WITH A MECHANICAL TAMPER AND PREFABRICATED FORMWORK, IT CAN TAKE AS LITTLE AS TWO TO THREE DAYS TO CONSTRUCT THE WALLS FOR A 2400 SQ FT HOUSE.

- TERMITE-RESISTANT, FIREPROOF, BIODEGRADABLE, SOUNDPROOF.

- THE MATERIAL MASS AND CLAY CONTENT OF RAMMED EARTH ALLOWS THE BUILDING TO “BREATHE” MORE THAN CONCRETE STRUCTURES DO, AVOIDING CONDENSATION ISSUES WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT HEAT LOSS.

NK’ NIP DESERT CULTURAL CENTREHBBH ARCHITECTS

Material: Rammed Earth

Description:The use of local soils, often combined with cement and/or lime, to create large mass walls. The mixture is poured into forms, usually made from wood, and them compacted.

Advantages:- Use of local soils can reduce hall-away after digging foundations- Use of local soils reduces carbon footprint of project - Less material needs to be shipped to the site - Wood for framing can usually be found locally- Thermal benefits of massive walls - Insulating effect -Retain heat absorbed throughout the day- Can add insulation when necessary- Short payback period (depending on insulation)

Disadvantages:- Not applicable in all climates - Better suited for more arid climates - Weather can have adverse effect on structure - Additives can help mitigate impact of weather- Labor intensive if not using a pneumatic tamper

Precedence: Caterpillar House, Carmel, CA

MaterialsRecycled Stone Shannon FergusonShannon Ferguson

FEATURES

Mahallat’s economy is in the business of cutting and treating stone (travertine) over half of which is discarded due to ineffi ciencies in stone-cutting technology

in the design, AbCT used leftover stones for (waste collected from mines around the region) the exterior and some interior walls that otherwise would have discarded

the stones used made use of materials that would otherwise end up in a landfi ll use of stone together with easy-to-operate shading devices regulating how much sunlight enters the building

the slight roughness of the mixed recycled stones creates a warm texture in comparison the modern facade and interior

the use of the natural stone creates a connection to context, highlighting more than a thousand year of history of stone mining in Mahallat

1,300-square-meter building is built to conserve energy, the use of stone provides thermal mass to slow the transfer of heat throughout the day, and operable shading devices help control sunlight and heat gain

AbCT prompted the concern for more responsible re-use of local resources, while preserving natural resources in a creative way and signifi cantly reduce the cost of using natural stone

AbCT’s design has led to the increasing adoption of stone recycling by local builders, changing the way builders use this recycled stone in the city

the now widely used practice of building with reclaimed stone throughout the city prevents remnants of the stone-cutting process from being dumped and polluting the environment, thereby turning the ineffi ciency of stone cutting into an economic and environmental advantage

Apartment No. 1 by Architecture by Collective Terrain (AbCT) Mahallat, Iran

Recycled/Reclaimed StoneBENEFITSnatural stone can almost always be reused, therefore its salvage and reuse reduces landfi ll waste

reclamation extends the life cycle of the product and reduces its overall environmental impacts

natural stone provides durability and fl exibility of use which is adaptable to a range of applications

reused stone can be crushed or fragmented, or whole products can be refi nished or reformed

stone slabs and tiles can be used as paving materials which does not require as extensive a testing procedure as when recycled stone is used for cladding or masonry purposes

stone that is unsuitable as a structural or fi nish material can be used to construct retaining walls, while smaller pieces can act as gravel fi ll or concrete aggregate

natural stone in powder form can be used in fertilizer or as a sidewalk bed

the use of recycled/reclaimed stone can provide a sense of history or nostalgia when incorporated into a design from the original structure

studies show that deconstruction of stone buildings is more cost-effective than demolition due to the resale of the reclaimed materials, typically salvaged stone can be less expensive than using virgin material

implementing second-life materials eliminates the energy, water, and other resources needed to generate new products, promoting reduced impacts to ecosystems

LIMITATIONSreclaimed stone may have fl aws that can limit its structural capacity

old stone is subjection to erosion or weathering processes which may require refi nishing

structural tests are required to determine the material’s potential for reuse

deconstruction rather than mechanical demolition is a process which is more labor and time intensive (however, the long-term cost savings can be signifi cant as landfi ll fees are decreased and reclaimed materials are resold)

deconstruction planning is especially important for the sustainable use of stone which requires more intensive planning and design strategies

MaterialsConcrete:

Resource e�ciency. The predominant raw material for the cement in concrete is limestone, the most abundant mineral on earth. Concrete can also be made with �y ash, slag cement, and silica fume, all waste byproducts from power plants, steel mills, and other manufacturing facilities.

Durability. Concrete builds durable, long-lasting structures that will not rust, rot, or burn. Life spans for concrete building products can be double or triple those of other common building materials.

Thermal mass. Homes built with concrete walls, foundations, and �oors are highly energy e�-cient because they take advantage of concretes inherent thermal massor ability to absorb and retain heat.

Minimal waste. Concrete can be produced in the quantities needed for each project, reducing waste. After a concrete structure has served its original purpose, the concrete can be crushed and recycled into aggregate for use in new concrete pavements or as back�ll or road base.

Source:http://www.concretenetwork.com/concrete/greenbuildinginformation/what_makes.html

Glass concreteThe use of recycled glass as aggregate in concrete both enhances aesthetic appeal of concrete while having more long-term strength and better thermal insulation due to its thermal properties of the glass aggregates

Cork-cement composites Cork cement composites have several advantages over standard concrete, such as lower thermal conduc-tivities, lower densities and good energy absorption characteristics.

Insulating Concrete Form SystemsInsulating Concrete Form Systems (ICFs) are forms for poured concrete walls, that stay in place as a perma-nent part of the wall assembly. The forms made of foam insulation, are either pre-formed interlocking blocks or separate panels connected with plastic or metal ties. The left-in-place forms provide a continuous insulation and sound barrier.

Source:http://www.cemexusa.com/ProductsServices/Insulat-ingConcrete.aspx

Types of Concrete

Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8 Headquarters. Denver, ColoradoArchitect: ZImmer Gunsul Frasca Architects

The concrete ceilings condition the building through the use of thermal mass.

Puyallup Tribal LonghouseLocation: Tacoma, WAArchitect: 7 Directions ArchitectsBuilt: 2012This LEED for Homes Platinum Certified Housing project includes 10 apartments of housing for tribal members. The project also includes a community building, future sweatlodge, remodel of an existing gymnasium, and restoration ofan adjacent habitat corridor. Sustainable technologies includestructural insulated panels (SIPs), triple pane windows, andground source heat pumps for both domestic hot water andhydronic heating systems. There are no corridors to heat andventilate. The buildings are elongated in the east/westdimension with unit depths of only 16 to 20 feet. Thisconfiguration allows all windows to have a south or northexposure, promotes natural through ventilation, and allowslarge roof space for solar panels to gather solar energy.

SIP’s are factory built, and therefore requireless construction time and labor thanconventional wood framed buildings.

Material: SIP’s

Benefits of SIP’s:-Reduces construction time/labor.-Stronger axial load strength than conventional stick framed buildings.-Reduced site disturbance during construction.-Improved tightness of building, which leads to reduced leakage.-Reduced lifetime maintenance cost.

Structurally Insulated Panels are a compositebuilding material. It is composed of a rigidinsulating core, surrounded by two layers ofstructural sheathing, typically OSB or plywood.Several components of conventional buildingare combined in a SIP, such as studs andjoists, insulation, vapor and air barriers.

From a structural standpoint, SIP’s actsimilarly to an I-beam. The rigid insulation actsas a web, and the sheathing acts as flanges.

Material Wood (Reclaimed)

FactsThe process of producing reclaimed wood flooring uses 13 times less cumulative energy than that of producing virgin

wood flooring.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that de-molished buildings provide about 1,000,000,000 feet of usable

lumber per year.

Reclaimed lumber is often times harder and stronger than newer virgin lumber

Main SourcesOld barnsFactories

Warehouses

Main UsesSiding

Architectural detailingFurnitureFlooring

Cabinetry

PrecedentAptos RetreatOutside San Fransisco

Interior examples of using reclaimed wood

Exteriror siding Architectural detail

Sources: Inhabitat, US Dept. of Agriculture

BenefitsEnvironmentally Friendly

Prevention of waste on landfillUnique quality

History

IssuesHigh humidity causes warping and cupping

Greater upkeepImage showing Salvaged wood being the most sustainable of all wood products

Motivation to use Reclaimed woodAcres in the US-230 billionAcres of forest in 1620- 1 billion+Acres of forest today- 750 million

LCA of Wood

Wood:Timber FrameStrengths: Off-site manufacture of components, Doesn’t need a finish, Possibility of joints than can be disassembled, Source locally

Weaknesses: Limited spans(depending on source), Rot, Fire

Tamedia Headquartershttp://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/2013_tamedia-office-building/index.html

Yusuhara Wooden Bridge Museumhttp://kkaa.co.jp/works/yusuhara-wooden-bridge-museum/

Casa Kikehttp://www.giannibotsford.com/project/casa-kike/

m a t e r i a l

R e c y c l e d S t e e l

W A L L A W O M B A G U E S T H O U S E Bruny Island, Tasmania, Australia | 1+2 Architecture | 2150 sq ft

The house uses Galvalume cladding on the exterior walls along with sustainable oiled Tasmanian oak, a eucalyptus

species from Australia. The metal walls are well-insulated with rock wool common to Australia. Metal walls and roof

maximize solar or thermal heat collection. Wide Galvalume overhangs and white ceiling reflect soft light into the home

while protecting from harsh direction sunlight. Additional cost and energy savings are gained by on-site steel fabrication

and welding.

D E F I N I T I O N S Recycled steel cladding | an external wall siding finish made with recycled aluminum

S T R A T E G Y + E Q U I P M E N T Metal cladding is installed by attaching interlocking horizontal or vertical panels to the exterior sheathing of your house, or by wrapping the house frame in a sheet of metal.

A D V A N T A G E S Protects from heat transfer Durable for areas subject to high winds and earthquakes Product and end-life are both recyclable Recycling scrap reduces the energy produced in making the steel by 75% Low-maintenance no rot, impervious to termites and fire-resistant Metal cladding is available in many different colors, styles and textures Provides tight building envelope

D I S A D V A N T A G E S Corrodes in coastal areas without coating More expensive than alternatives Poor thermal regulation and insulation

Galvalume Cladding

Most helpful site: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-steel-cladding.htm

MATERIAL: GLAZING

Project_Aqua Tower Chicago, Illinois Studio Gang Architects

This project utilized 6 different types of glazing to minimize solar gain and glare through the exposed glass facade. Type of glazing was determined based upon which solar direction the facade faced and whether or not it was protected by an overhanging balcony from the unit above.

1. Low-e coated glazing_all glazing has low-e coatings 2. Reflective glazing_exposed glass on E & S facades3. Tinted glazing_W facade4. Fritted glazing_on most surfaces to cut back glare, heat gain and risk to birds 5. Spandrel_select areas6. Translucent_select areas

Spandrel Glazing Tinted Glazing Reflective Glazing Fritted Glazing

Material: Building Integrated PhotovoltaicsSemi-transparent double glazed photovoltaic

insulating glass units can be incorporated into the

project providing better thermal insulation properties.

Additionally, Argon filling can be used with the chamber

for a better thermal performance. Works in all weather

conditions, including low light and cloudy conditions

Comes in a wide range of colors, transparencies and

thicknesses. It has been designed specially as safety glass

for buildings in order to comply with the Technical Code of

the Building. Connections are hidden behind the frames,

and, owing to their semi transparency, are see-through.

Depending upon the orientation of the façade,

building location, and the photovoltaic technology

implemented, the electricity produced in just one

square metre can vary between 20-40 kW/h per

annum; sufficient energy to supply up to 10,000

hours of light from 20W energy saving light bulbs.

Photovoltaic ventilated façade and roof system provides

an aesthetic value and is unbeatable in terms of heat

insulation that generates free electricity from the sun.

The thermal surrounding methods can result in a 25-

40% reduction of the energy consumed by a building.

Complies with the anti-slip regulation, it supports 400 kg

in point load test and reaches almost the same efficiency

levels than any other photovoltaic building material. PV

pavement combines passive elements (avoided CO2

emissions) with active elements (power generation),

greatly reducing the building’s environmental impact.

Offers a wide range of configuration possibilities in

color (or combination of colors) and the chance to

use a LED backlit system to enhance the aesthetic

value. Can be integrated in any project and environment

without renouncing design and aestheticism

The Skylight system ensure an optimized PV electrical

generation adding multifunctional passive bioclimatic

properties of thermal inner comfort since most of

the UV and infrared radiation from the sun will be

harvested by the silicon-based material (solar filter

effect). The air chamber of the insulating glass provides

great thermal performance in terms of U and g values.

A photovoltaic canopy constitutes a constructive

solution which combines energy generation, solar and

adverse climatologic conditions protection. he energy

generated by the system can either feed any building

within its surroundings or get connected to the grid,

leading in any case to an important economic profit.

Monopan MCAMaterial Denver,co

what is itfibre glass reinforced polypropylene and polypropylene honeycomb core

-impact resistance-waterproof -resilient to salt water-resistance to climate conditions-minimal aging-100% recyclable-lower weight: transport 70% more payload

advantages

assembly

material: laminate siding

- a plastic-based product made primarily from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin - Fade resistant- Specialized lamination technology for exceptional durability and fade protection- Realistic grain textures beautifully replicate the richness of real cedar- Low-maintenance vinyl won’t warp, buckle or sag- Can withstand hurricane-force winds up to 180 mph- Relatively cheap- Has a long life and needs little to no repair- Many di�erent types of siding that come in many di�erent colors- Vinyl siding comes in strips, either horizontal siding or vertical siding - Vinyl siding is often retro�tted over wood siding in many home renovation projects- Has an extremely low moisture absorption and won’t promote mold or mildew- Requires no caulking, patching, priming, or painting- Has potential to look very ugly if improperly used

material: recycled tires

•precedent: earthshiprecycledautomobiletiresfilledwithcompactedearthtoform a rammed earth brick, encased in steel belted rubber

how:orientation on site must be south facingonebyone,tiresareplacedandfilledtoformthebuildingfoundation/exteriorwallsprocesstakes15-30minseachwiththeuseofapneumatictamper(finishedweight-upwardsof300lbs/tire)coolmassoftheearthconnectswiththemassoftheshelter, is absorbed into the shelter mass and leaks into the living space

otherfactorsthatmakeearthshipswork:a greenhouse on the south face of the building maintains interiortemperaturesincoldweather(60Finaslowas-5Fweatherconditions)interior,nonstructuralwallsaremadeusingrecycledaluminum cansrecycledglassbottlesactasameansofdaylightingaswellas aesthetics

benefits:maintains comfortable temperaturesModifiabletoalmostanyclimateorsizeFullyconstructedcostsaround$225persfOne month construction time frameRequiresunskilledworkersTakes advantage of natural heating and coolingvirtually indestructibleAnaveragesizedtire-housewillremove2,000tiresfromtheevergrowingpile

variationsonhowthesestructurescanlook

detail of interior articulations

construction technique

•precedent: re-Tread ®

•precedent: flexco®

Tire Log™building material for earthquake resistant structuresalternative for lumber and concrete

uses: retainingwallshighwaynoisebarrierssandbag replacements for erosion control and security barricadesearthquake-resistant home building material

how:producedbyacommerciallyavailablesidewallremovingmachinesmachinesslicetirestocreateaninnercoreofwrappedtirestrips in a helical formation

benefits:requirelittlepowertocreateavoids the energy intensive process of grinding (uses 3.5 timeslessenergy)withstandsdeformationsthatwouldcrackorbreakconventional building materials

uses: flooring,stairtread,wallbase

benefits:lastsforyearswithoutscuffsandscratchesrequires no maintenancenaturallyresistsstains,water,dirtandmildewvarious colors availablesomeveryattractiveandconvincingfauxmaterialfinishes/texturesareavailable(granite,wood,marble)

utilizingmaterialsthatwouldotherwisetakeexcessiveenergy(andpollution)totraditionallyrecycleminiminzinghumanimpactonlandfills