materia nova - avnir · use of lca tools in the early stages of a research project - a case study...
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MATERIA NOVA
Use of LCA tools in the early stages of a research project
- A case study about an innovative process for cellulose
nanocrystals extraction
Olivier Talon, Séverine Coppée, Jevgenij Lazko,
Tangi Sénéchal, Jean-Marie Raquez
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Birth of a new unit at Materia Nova
justification of environmental added value
asked to obtain grants for a new project
many projects meant to have environmental
dimension (biobased plastics, biotechnologies,
solar cells…)
high interest in making a priori and a posteriori
environmental impact studies for our projects
creation of a new environmental impact unit
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microfibril
fiber
H2SO4 Heating
Centrifugation Dialysis
Cellulose Fiber Cellulose Nanocrystals
Cellulose nanocrystals extraction
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Cellulose nanocrystals extraction
Process not so green
High consumption of acid and water
Cellulose nanocrystals :
High Young’s Modulus (=steel)
Interesting shape/aspect ratio (needle like)
Extracted from biomass (potentially from local biomass)
Green nanoparticles
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Cellulose nanocrystals extraction
Ionic Liquids are presented as green solvents of cellulose :
Reuse of reagent
+ Recyclability
+ Low VOC emissions
+ Good solvation of lignocellulose
Low amount of sulfuric acid
Decrease of water consumption during purification
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- Environmental cost of IL production?
Currently not industrial scale product
- How much recycling to improve our process?
How many cycles needed for environmental benefit?
How many possible to keep a good extraction?
The success of nanocrystals extraction at bench will not directly
provide information about the greenness of the process
First bench results coupled with Simple LCA can help to pinpoint
critical points
Background of the study
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Background of the study Evaluation of the “greenness” potential of the study
Simultaneous kick-off as first lab experiments
Identification of hotspots
hydrolysis
water
H2SO4 hydrolysis
[BMIM]Cl water
H2SO4
purification water purification
water
H2SO4 H2SO4
[BMIM]Cl
CNC
fibers
CNC
fibers
[BMIM]Cl
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Comparison of lab scale processes
s-o-a and experimental data
Virtual upscaling of the new process
(industrial scale)
Need to recover values of
s-o-a process
No data on detailed or described
industrial process
NE
W S
TR
AT
EG
Y
Comparison needs data for same scale of production
Background of the study
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Highly simplified hypotheses
Identical yields and raw materials
fibers out of system boundaries
No intrinsic impact of BMIM Recycling modeled by input division
Same energetic input not taken into account
No effluent treatment treated as emission to water
Same nanocrystal quality
FU = treatment for 1 kg of CNC
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Data collection / choice of the method
Emissions : Choice of a proxy based on toxicology literature (phenol)
LCA literature negligible about IL or CNC, non existent for the combination
Material inputs: firsts lab tests estimation
No IL in the DB, neither as process nor as substance
DB : no waste water treatment for a comparable process
1 publication about LCA of [BMIM]Cl production
Calculation method:
- including phenol and H2SO4 emissions
- including a “water depletion” category
restricted choice: ILCD 2011 Midpoint
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BMIM-Cl modelisation
From literature, Righi 2011
Single score, Eco-indicator
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Impacts of the different processes
ILCD calculation
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60
80
100
[BMIM]Cl process / 10 cycles
sulphuric acid process
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Major impact contributors for « BMIM » process
ILCD calculation
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BMIM-Cl
water / purification
water / hydrolysis
sulphuric acid
process emissions
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Optimisation way of BMIM process
IL recycling optimization
ILCD calculation
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process BMIM V2 - 10 cycles
process BMIM V2 - 20 cycles
process BMIM V2 - 40 cycles
process sulfu V4
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BMIM-Cl synthesis optimization (yield)
ILCD calculation
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BMIM[Cl] process / 10 cycles
BMIM[Cl] process / 10 cycles / optimized IL synthesis
sulphuric acid process
Optimisation way of BMIM process
48%90%
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Conclusions
Necessity to refine the model:
- treatment/ recycling of the acid
- intrinsic impact of recycling of ionic liquid (if cycles nb increased)
First results
environmental benefit is not automatic
Numerous ways of improvement:
- IL recycling (> 20 cycles in some publications)
- “greener” production of [BMIM]Cl (or other ILs) ? (not matured production, scale effect, biosourcing…)
- Yield and quality of CNC ? FU modification ?
(theoretical better thermal resistance)
Scientific contribution of the project is not in balance with LCA
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MATERIA NOVA
Olivier Talon, Séverine Coppée, Jevgenij Lazko,
Tangi Sénéchal, Jean-Marie Raquez
Email adress : [email protected]
Thanks for your attention