materi oil and gas field metallurgy
DESCRIPTION
Materi PerminyakanTRANSCRIPT
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METALURGY PERALATAN Minyak dan Gas
Instructor: Ir. P. Subiatmono, M.T.
2007
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OBJECTIVE
METALLURGY IN DRILLING
METALLURGY PERALATAN PRODUKSI
METALLURGY EOR
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METALLURGY IN DRILLING
Kerusakan yang terjadi pada peralatan pemboran akibat :
tekanan
retakan pada peralatan
permukaan
fatique pada komponen
subsurface
SSC pada peralatan
subsurface dan surface
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Peralatan BOP
Sperical Preventer
- bahan seal dari material elastomeric
- body preventer dari bahan cor dengan
low-alloy steel seperti AISI 4130 dan
4140
- Shear blades dibuat dari 4340, 4140
atau 2 ¼ Cr-1 Mo dengan kekerasan
Rockwell C 45
- piston drive ram : 4140 atau 4340
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Komponen material pada peralatan BOP spesifikasinya pada API 16A : Drill Through quipment dan API 6A : Well Head Equipment
Komposisi umumnya dari baja dan low alloy stell : 4130, 4140, 8620, 8630, dan 2 ¼ Cr-1 Mo
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Drilling spool : spesifikasinya sama dengan pipe line API 5L
Casing head spesifkasinya API 5CT : 4130 atau ASTM A 487-9Q steel dengan maksimum HRC 22 untuk mencegah pengaruh H2S.
Tool joint : 4100 seri low-alloy steel, 4135-4140, 4145H
Heavy wall drill pipe : AISI 1340
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Drill collar : 4135-4140, 4145H steel dengan kekerasan 285-341 BHN
Non Magnetic Drill collar : Monel K500, 316L austenitic stainless steel
Drilling jar, stabilizer : 4140, 4145 H, 4340, 4340H steel.
Drill Pipe : 1041, 1045
Heavy Drill Pipe : 4140, 4145H
Allominium Drill Pipe : 2014
BACK
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• Casing dan Tubing
• Sucker Rod
• Sunsurface Pump
• Christmas Tree
• Well Head
• Wire Line
METALLURGY PERALATAN PRODUKSI
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Casing dan Tubing
• Spesifikasi : API 5CT dan 5D
• Grade J-55 dan K-55 : AISI 1045 Steel
• Grade C-90, T-95 dan C-95 : AISI 4130 Steel
• Tabulasi Spesifikasi Material Casing dan
Tubing
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Chemical Requirements
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Tensile and Hardness Requirements
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Sucker Rod
• Spesifikasi : API 11B untuk Sucker Rod
dan API 11D untuk Polished Rod.
• Tabel Chemical and Mechanical Sucker
Rod
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Chemical Composition and Mechanical Properties of Common Commercial Sucker
Rods
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Chemical Composition and Mechanical Properties of Common Commercial Sucker
Rods
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Subsurface Pump
• Spesifikasi : API 11AX
• Tabel Classification of Sucker Rod Steels
According to API Spesification in Relation
to Their Corrosion Fatique
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Christmastree dan Wellhead
• Spesifikasi : API 6A
• Material : ASTM A487 Grade 4, AISI
4130, 4140 dan 8630
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Wirelines
• Spesifikasi : API 9A
• Stress Corrosion Cracking of Wireline
Materials
Back
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METALLURGY EOR
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METALLURGY EOR
Limit Temperatur yang Diperbolehkan
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Eksplorasi Sumber Daya Panasbumi
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Rekonesan
Penjajakkan awal / rekonesan dalam eksplorasi panasbumi dilakukan dengan metode geologi dan geokimia yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara dini apakah penelitian dilakukan eksplorasi lebih lanjut atau tidak
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Eksplorasi Panasbumi Detail
Dalam kegiatan eksplorasi panasbumi ada tiga disiplin ilmu, yaitu:
1. Geologi
2. Geokimia
3. Geofisika
Ketiga disiplin ilmu tersebut saling berhubungan satu sama lain dalam pencarian daerah prospek panasbumi.
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Ekslporasi Geologi
Foto geologi dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui struktur geologi yang dapat dideteksi dari udara yang selanjutnya dipastikan lagi dengan peninjauan dilapangan. Dari perbedaan rona pada foto geologi, dapat dibuat suatu batas yang membedakan satuan batuan morfologi dan struktur geologi.
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Foto Geologi Kamojang dan Sekitarnya
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Pemetaan Gelogi
Pemetaan geologi dilakukan untuk mengetahuai pola penyebaran batuan dan manifestasi permukaan serta umur relatif batuan di daerah penelitian.
Model geologi secara sederhana kemudian dibuat, dikaitkan dengan data geokimia dan data penunjang lainnya untuk membuat model tentatif sistem panasbumi daerah penelitian.
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Mineral Ubahan Permukaan
Dimaksudkan untuk menentukan zonasi ubahan hidrothermal dipemukaan yang dapat membantu untuk keprospekkan sumber daya panasbumi untuk dikembangkan.
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Eksplorasi Geokimia
Penelitian geokomia dimaksudkan untuk meneliti contoh air dan gas yang diambil dari manifestasi dipermukaan.
Hasil analisa kimia untuk menentukan jenis air dan suhu reservoir dengan metode Geothermometer.
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Jenis Air ba Segitiga Giggenbach
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Geothermometer
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Rumus dan perhitungan Analisa Sampling Gas
KODE CO2 H2S SO2 NH3 H2 O2+Ar
N2 CO CH4
FM.SK II 84,1913
7,8202
1,5583
0,0051
0,1613
1,0984
5,1653
0,0000
0.0001
FM.SK I 84,1060
3,5678
0.3689
0,0004
0,0530
1,3694
5,4583
0,6022
0,4140
Rumus D’Amore & Panichi (1981)
27305,36.log7)/(log3)/(log6)/(log2
124775.
2222224
COPCOSHCOHCOCHgast
Note : PCO2 = 0,1 jika % CO2 < 75 PCO2 = 1,0 jika % CO2 > 75 PCO2 = 10 jika % CO2 > 75 CH4 > 2H2 H2S > 2H2
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Perhitungan Gas yang diambil dari Fumarol Sikidang
27305,36.log7)/(log3)/(log6)/(log2
124775.
2222224
COPCOSHCOHCOCHgast
27305,3600961,33057,168505,11
124775.
gast
2736013,43
124775.
gast
PCO2 = 1
t.gas = 295 0C
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Perhitungan Gas yang diambil dari Mata Air Panas Sikidang
27305,36.log7)/(log3)/(log6)/(log2
124775.
2222224
COPCOSHCOHCOCHgast
27305,3601778,43243,198505,11
124775.
gast
2736621,47
124775.
gast
PCO2 = 1
t.gas = 247 0C
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Manifestasi
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Sampling Gas Fumarole
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Sampling Air Panas
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Ekslorasi Geofisika
Graviti adalah untuk menentukan harga gravity (gaya-berat) di suatu titik ukur (T.U.) diperoleh dari selisih harga baca gaya-berat di T.U. dan harga baca gaya berat acuan yang telah diketahui harganya. Harga gaya berat tersebut harus telah dikoreksi terhadap efek pasang-surut dan “drif” gravimeter. Hasil interprestasi dapat dipakai untuk menunjukkan adanya bentuk struktur di bawah permukaan (tubuh intrusi dan sumber panas)
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GRAVITI
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Resistiviti metode ini, berdasarkan tujuannya, dapat dibagi menjadi dua yaitu Mapping dan Sounding.
1. Mapping-metode geolistrik yang bertujuan untuk mengukur variasi kelistrikan secara horizontal/lateral.
2. Sounding-metode geolistrik yang bertujuan untuk mengukur variasi kelistrikan secara vertikal.
K = Faktor geometri
I = Kuat arus (Amper)
∆V= Beda potensial (Volt) I
VK
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Resistiviti
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Kombinasi Anomali Geokimia dan Geofisika
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Profil Graviti dan Resistivity
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Prognosis
Bila potensi energi panasbumi dari hasil evaluasi eksplorasi tersebut diatas dianggap cukup prospek maka selanjutnya ditentukan titik lokasi pemboran eksplorasi.
Prognosis pemboran eksplorasi dibuat berdasarkan evaluasi data eksplorasi.
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Trimakasih