Mastering NT Greek

Grammar Review Chapters 1-28Grammar Review Chapters 1-28

By Ted Hildebrandt By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003© 2003

Baker AcademicBaker Academic

2-1-2 Paradigms 2 1 2 2 1 2 lo<goj grafh< lo<goj grafh< i[ero<ni[ero<n

lo<gou grafh?j lo<gou grafh?j i[erou?i[erou?lo<g& graf^? lo<g& graf^? i[er&?i[er&?lo<gon grafh<n lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<ni[ero<nlo<goi grafai< lo<goi grafai< i[era<i[era<lo<gwn grafw?n lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?ni[erw?nlo<goij grafai?j lo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?ji[eroi?jlo<gouj grafa<j lo<gouj grafa<j i[era<i[era<

3 Third Declension Nouns to Master

xa<rij, xa<ritoj, h[ =xa<rij, xa<ritoj, h[ = grace ( grace (t/dt/d stem)stem)

SingularSingular Plural Plural NomNom. . xa<rij xa<rij xa<ritejxa<ritej

GenGen.. xa<ritoj xa<ritoj xari<twnxari<twnDatDat.. xa<riti xa<riti xa<risi(n)xa<risi(n)AccAcc.. xa<rita xa<rita xa<ritajxa<ritaj

3 Third Declension Nouns to Master

pi<stij, pi<stewj, h[ =pi<stij, pi<stewj, h[ = faith ( faith (i i stem)stem)

SingularSingular Plural Plural NomNom. . pi<stij pi<stij pi<steijpi<steij

GenGen.. pi<stewj pi<stewj pi<stewnpi<stewnDatDat.. pi<stei pi<stei pi<stesi(n)pi<stesi(n)AccAcc.. pi<stin pi<stin pi<steijpi<steij

3 Third Declension Nouns to Master

o@noma, o]no<matoj, to< =o@noma, o]no<matoj, to< = name name ((mat mat stem)stem)

SingularSingular Plural Plural NomNom. . o@noma o@noma o]no<matao]no<mata

GenGen.. o]no<matoj o]no<matoj o]noma<twno]noma<twnDatDat.. o]no<mati o]no<mati o]no<masi(n)o]no<masi(n)AccAcc.. o@noma o@noma o]no<matao]no<mata

Quick Review PAI verbs

lu<w lu<w I looseI loose lu<omen lu<omen We looseWe loose

lu<eijlu<eij You looseYou loose lu<ete lu<ete You You all looseall loose

lu<ei lu<ei He/she loosesHe/she looses lu<ousi(n) lu<ousi(n) They looseThey loose

Present Middle/Passive Indicative

lu<omai, -o<meqa lu<omai, -o<meqa

-^, -esqe, -^, -esqe, -etai, -ontai -etai, -ontai

I loose myself, I am loosedI loose myself, I am loosed

Shape of the Future in Greek

lu<sw lu<sw lu<somenlu<somenI will loose I will loose We will looseWe will loose

lu<seij lu<setelu<seij lu<seteYou will loose You will loose You all will looseYou all will loose

lu<sei lu<sousi(n)lu<sei lu<sousi(n)He/she/it will loose He/she/it will loose They will looseThey will loose

Future Middle Paradigm

lu<somai --omeqalu<somai --omeqa --^ --esqe --^ --esqe --etai --ontai --etai --ontai

I will loose myselfI will loose myself

Imperfect Active Paradigm of lu<w

I was loosingI was loosing e@luon -n, -j, -e, -men, -e@luon -n, -j, -e, -men, -

te, -n te, -n

Imperfect Middle/Passive of lu<w I was being loosedI was being loosed ChantChant: : e]luo<mhne]luo<mhn::

-mhn, -ou, -to, -meqa, -esqe, -mhn, -ou, -to, -meqa, -esqe, -onto-onto

Second Aorist Active Paradigm I tookI took e@labon -n, -j, -e, -men, -e@labon -n, -j, -e, -men, -

te, -nte, -n

Second Aorist Middle I becameI became e]geno<mhne]geno<mhn

-mhn, -ou, -to, -meqa, -esqe, -mhn, -ou, -to, -meqa, -esqe, -onto-onto

Aorist Stem Changes -- 9 to know

o[ra<w == ei#don o[ra<w == ei#don (I saw) (I saw) – – ble<pw ble<pw o@yomaio@yomai e[w<rakae[w<raka

e@rxomai == h#lqon e@rxomai == h#lqon (I came, went) (I came, went) e]leu<somai, e]lh<luqae]leu<somai, e]lh<luqa

le<gw == ei#pon le<gw == ei#pon (I said) (I said) e]rw?e]rw? ei@rhkaei@rhka

fe<rw == fe<rw == h@negkah@negka (I bore, carried) (I bore, carried) oi@swoi@sw e]nh<noxa e]nh<noxa

e]sqi<w == e]sqi<w == e@fagone@fagon (I ate) (I ate) fa<gomaifa<gomai

1st Aorist Active Paradigm

I loosed I loosed Chant: Chant: e@lusae@lusa: :

--, --, j, e, men, te, j, e, men, te, nn

1st Aorist Middle Paradigm

I loosed myself I loosed myself

Chant:Chant: e]lusa<mhne]lusa<mhn: : --mhnmhn, -, -w, -to, -meqa, -esqe, w, -to, -meqa, -esqe,

-onto -onto

The "is" verb PAI -- ei]mi<

ei]mi< ei]mi< e]sme<n e]sme<n ei# ei# e]ste< e]ste< e]sti<(n) e]sti<(n) ei]si<(n) ei]si<(n)

The “ I was" verb IAI -- ei]mi< h@mhn h@mhn h#men h#men

h#j h#j h#te h#te h#n h#n h#san h#san

First Aorist Passives I was loosed I was loosed e]lu<qhn, -j, -h, -men, -te, -e]lu<qhn, -j, -h, -men, -te, -

san san

Future Passive Indicatives

I will be loosedI will be loosed luqh<somai, -^, -etai, -luqh<somai, -^, -etai, -

omeqa, ---esqe, -ontai omeqa, ---esqe, -ontai

Perfect Active Paradigm

I have loosedI have loosed le<luka, -j, -e, -men, te, asile<luka, -j, -e, -men, te, asi

Perfect Middle/Passive Paradigm

I have been loosedI have been loosed ChantChant: : le<lukumaile<lukumai

mai, sai, tai, meqa, sqe, mai, sai, tai, meqa, sqe, untaiuntai

Translate M/P as passives usuallyTranslate M/P as passives usually

First Person Personal Pronoun

Singular PluralSingular Plural NomNom. . e]gw< e]gw< su< su<

h[mei?j h[mei?j GenGen. . mou mou sou sou h[mw?n h[mw?n DatDat. . moi moi soi soi h[mi?n h[mi?n

AccAcc. . me me se se h[ma<j h[ma<j

au]to<j, au]th<, au]to< = au]to<j, au]th<, au]to< = he, she, it he, she, it

6 Types of Pronouns

Personal Pronouns: Personal Pronouns: e]gw<, su<, e]gw<, su<, au]to<jau]to<j

Demonstrative: Demonstrative: ou$toj, e]kei?noj ou$toj, e]kei?noj Reciprocal pronoun: Reciprocal pronoun: a]llh<lwn a]llh<lwn (one (one

another)another) Relative Pronouns: Relative Pronouns: o!j, h!, o! o!j, h!, o! who, who,

whichwhich Reflexive: myself, yourself (Reflexive: myself, yourself (e]mautou?, e]mautou?,

seautou?, e[autou?)seautou?, e[autou?) Indefinite Pronoun: Indefinite Pronoun: tij / ti tij / ti (someone)(someone)

Demonstrative and Relative Pronouns Summary

e]kei?noj, e]kei<nh, e]kei?no = e]kei?noj, e]kei<nh, e]kei?no = thatthat ou$toj, au!th, tou?toou$toj, au!th, tou?to

tou<tou, tau<thj, tou<tou tou<tou, tau<thj, tou<tou = this= this o!j h! o! = o!j h! o! = Relative (who, which)Relative (who, which)

ou$ h$j ou$ ou$ h$j ou$ Be careful not to confuse the definite articleBe careful not to confuse the definite article

o[, h[, to< o[, h[, to< with the relative pronouns with the relative pronouns o!j, h!, o!.o!j, h!, o!.

Indefinite Pronouns

tij / ti tij / ti someone, anything (enclitic)someone, anything (enclitic) Singular (note 3rd decl.)Singular (note 3rd decl.) M/F NeutM/F Neut Nom. Nom. tij titij ti

Gen. Gen. tino<j tino<jtino<j tino<jDat. Dat. tini< tini<tini< tini<Acc. Acc. tina< titina< ti

Note: Accent on the last syllableNote: Accent on the last syllable

Indefinite Pronouns

Plural (note 3rd decl.)Plural (note 3rd decl.) M/F NeutM/F Neut Nom. Nom. tine<j tina<tine<j tina<

Gen. Gen. tinw?n tinw?ntinw?n tinw?nDat. Dat. tisi<(n) tisi<(n)tisi<(n) tisi<(n)Acc. Acc. tina<j tina<tina<j tina<

Note: accent on the last syllableNote: accent on the last syllable

Interrogative Pronoun

ti<j / ti< ti<j / ti< who? which? what? (n.b. who? which? what? (n.b. accent)accent)

Singular (note 3rd decl.)Singular (note 3rd decl.) M/F NeutM/F Neut Nom. Nom. ti<j ti<ti<j ti<

Gen. Gen. ti<noj ti<nojti<noj ti<nojDat. Dat. ti<ni ti<niti<ni ti<niAcc. Acc. ti<na ti<ti<na ti<

Interrogative Pronoun

Plural (note 3rd decl.)Plural (note 3rd decl.) M/F NeutM/F Neut Nom. Nom. ti<nej ti<nati<nej ti<na

Gen. Gen. ti<nwn ti<nwnti<nwn ti<nwnDat. Dat. ti<si(n) ti<si(n)ti<si(n) ti<si(n)Acc. Acc. ti<naj ti<nati<naj ti<na

Present Ptc forms to chant

Present Active: ptc = participle Present Active: ptc = participle NomNom. . lu<wn lu<ousa lu?onlu<wn lu<ousa lu?on

GenGen. . lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontojlu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontoj Present Middle/PassivePresent Middle/Passive NomNom. . luo<menoj luome<nh luo<menoj luome<nh

luo<menonluo<menonGenGen. . luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nouluome<nou

First Aorist Ptc. forms to Chant

First Aorist Active 3-1-3First Aorist Active 3-1-3 Nom. Nom. lu<saj lu<sasa lu?sanlu<saj lu<sasa lu?san

Gen. Gen. lu<santoj lusa<shj lu<santojlu<santoj lusa<shj lu<santoj First Aorist Middle 2-1-2First Aorist Middle 2-1-2 Nom. Nom. lusa<menoj lusame<nh lusa<menoj lusame<nh

lusa<menonlusa<menonGen. Gen. lusame<nou lusame<nhj lusame<nou lusame<nhj lusame<noulusame<nou

Aorist Passive Ptc. Forms to Chant

First Aorist Passive 3-1-3First Aorist Passive 3-1-3 Nom. Nom. luqei<j luqei?sa luqei<j luqei?sa

luqe<nluqe<nGen. Gen. luqe<ntoj luqei<shj luqe<ntoj luqei<shj luqe<ntojluqe<ntoj

Perfect Ptc Forms to Chant Perfect Active Participles (know these)Perfect Active Participles (know these) 3 3 1 1 3 3

lelukw<j lelukw<j lelukui?a lelukui?a leluko<j leluko<j leluko<tojleluko<toj lelukui<aj lelukui<aj leluko<tojleluko<toj

Perfect Middle/Passives ParticiplesPerfect Middle/Passives Participles 2 1 22 1 2

lelume<noj lelume<noj lelume<nh lelume<nh lelume<nonlelume<non lelume<nou lelume<nhj lelume<nou lelume<nhj lelume<nou lelume<nou

Ending structure to know: Infintives to loose:to loose: lu<ein lu<ein Present: Present: ein esqai ein esqai

Second Aorist: Second Aorist: ei?n esqai ei?n esqai h?nai h?nai First Aorist: First Aorist: ai ai asqai h?nai asqai h?nai Perfect: Perfect: nai sqai nai sqai

Subjunctive Review Present(Continuous) Active

Active Singular PluralActive Singular Plural 1 1 lu<w lu<wmenlu<w lu<wmen

2 lu<^j lu<hte 2 lu<^j lu<hte 3 lu<^ 3 lu<^ lu<wsi(n)lu<wsi(n)

I may continue loosing (may be loosing)I may continue loosing (may be loosing) You may continue loosingYou may continue loosing

Present(Continuous) Mid/Passive Subjunctive Mid/Pas Singular PluralMid/Pas Singular Plural 1 1 lu<wmai luw<meqalu<wmai luw<meqa

2 lu<^ lu<hsqe 2 lu<^ lu<hsqe 3 lu<^tai lu<wntai 3 lu<^tai lu<wntai

I may continue to be loosedI may continue to be loosed You may continue to be loosedYou may continue to be loosed

Aorist (Undefined) Active Subjunctive Active Singular PluralActive Singular Plural 1 1 lu<sw lu<swmenlu<sw lu<swmen

2 lu<s^j lu<shte 2 lu<s^j lu<shte 3 lu<s^ 3 lu<s^ lu<swsi(n)lu<swsi(n)

I may looseI may loose You may looseYou may loose

Aorist (Undefined) Middle Subjunctive Mid/Pas Singular PluralMid/Pas Singular Plural 1 1 lu<swmai lusw<meqalu<swmai lusw<meqa

2 lu<s^ lu<shsqe 2 lu<s^ lu<shsqe 3 lu<s^tai lu<swntai 3 lu<s^tai lu<swntai

I may loose (myself)I may loose (myself) You may loose (yourself)You may loose (yourself)

Aorist (Undefined) Passive Subjunctive Active Singular PluralActive Singular Plural 1 1 luqw? luqw?menluqw? luqw?men

2 luq^?j luqh?te 2 luq^?j luqh?te 3 luq^? luqw? 3 luq^? luqw?si(n)si(n)

I may be loosedI may be loosed You may be loosedYou may be loosed

Paradigm didwmi -- give it to -mi

Present Imperfect Future Aorist Present Imperfect Future Aorist 1 di<dwmi e]di<doun dw<sw 1 di<dwmi e]di<doun dw<sw

e@dwka e@dwka 2 di<dwj e]di<douj dw<seij 2 di<dwj e]di<douj dw<seij e@dwkaj e@dwkaj 3 di<dwsi e]di<dou dw<sei 3 di<dwsi e]di<dou dw<sei e@dwke(n) e@dwke(n) 1 di<domen edi<domen dw<somen 1 di<domen edi<domen dw<somen e]dw<kamen e]dw<kamen 2 di<dote e]di<dote dw<sete 2 di<dote e]di<dote dw<sete e]dw<katee]dw<kate3 dido<asi edi<dosan dw<sousi 3 dido<asi edi<dosan dw<sousi e@dwkane@dwkan

Perfect add a Perfect add a d d on the front of the Aoriston the front of the Aorist

Moody di<dwmi Present Aorist Present AoristPresent Aorist Present Aorist Subj Subj Imper Imper Subj Subj Imper Imper 1 di<dw dw? -- --1 di<dw dw? -- --

2 di<d&?j d&?j di<dou do<j2 di<d&?j d&?j di<dou do<j3 di<d&? d&? dido<tw 3 di<d&? d&? dido<tw do<twdo<tw1 di<dw?men dw?men -- --1 di<dw?men dw?men -- --2 di<dw?te dw?te di<dote- 2 di<dw?te dw?te di<dote- do<te-do<te-3 di<dw?si dw?si dido<twsan 3 di<dw?si dw?si dido<twsan do<twsando<twsan

Present Paradigms of other -mi Spanish endings:Spanish endings:

-mi, -j, -si, -men, -te, -asi -mi, -j, -si, -men, -te, -asi 1 i!sthmi ti<qhmi dei<knumi1 i!sthmi ti<qhmi dei<knumi

2 i!sthj ti<qhj die<knueij2 i!sthj ti<qhj die<knueij3 i!sthsi(n) ti<qhsi(n) dei<knusi(n)3 i!sthsi(n) ti<qhsi(n) dei<knusi(n)1 i!stamen ti<qemen 1 i!stamen ti<qemen dei<knumendei<knumen2 i!state ti<qete dei<knute2 i!state ti<qete dei<knute3 i[sta?si(n) tiqe<asi(n) deiknu<asi(n)3 i[sta?si(n) tiqe<asi(n) deiknu<asi(n)

Principal Parts

PresAI FAI AAI PerfAIPresAI FAI AAI PerfAI di<dwmi, dw<sw, e@dwka, di<dwmi, dw<sw, e@dwka,

de<dwka, de<dwka, ti<qhmi, qh<sw, ti<qhmi, qh<sw, e@qhka, te<qeika, i!sthmi, e@qhka, te<qeika, i!sthmi, sth<sw, e@sthsa, e!sthka, sth<sw, e@sthsa, e!sthka, dei<knumi, dei<cw, e@deica dei<knumi, dei<cw, e@deica de<deixa, de<deixa,

PerfMI API PerfMI API de<domai, e]do<qhnde<domai, e]do<qhn

te<qeimai, e]te<qhnte<qeimai, e]te<qhne!stamai, e]sta<qhne!stamai, e]sta<qhnde<deigmai, e]dei<xqhnde<deigmai, e]dei<xqhn

Imperative forms endings

Present (e toe-te-toesan etc.) Present (e toe-te-toesan etc.) --e, -tw, -te, -twsan e, -tw, -te, -twsan (Active)(Active)

-ou, -sqw, -sqe, -sqwsan -ou, -sqw, -sqe, -sqwsan (M/Pas)(M/Pas) First AoristFirst Aorist

-n, -tw, -te, -twsan -n, -tw, -te, -twsan (Active)(Active)-ai, -sqw, -sqe, -sqwsan -ai, -sqw, -sqe, -sqwsan (Mid)(Mid)-ti, -tw, -te, -twsan -ti, -tw, -te, -twsan (Pas)(Pas)

Second Aorist endings = present endings + Second Aorist endings = present endings + -ti -ti with the passiveswith the passives

Counting to 10: Cardinals

ei$j ei$j 1 1 e!c e!c 66du<o du<o 2 2 e[pta< e[pta< 77trei?j trei?j 3 3 o]ktw< o]ktw< 88te<ssarej te<ssarej 4 4 e]nne<a e]nne<a 99pe<nte pe<nte 5 5 de<ka de<ka 1010

Genitive Summary: R TOP ADS

Relational Relational – brother of John– brother of JohnTime Time – within which– within whichObjective Objective – blasphemy of God– blasphemy of GodPossessive Possessive – God's glory– God's gloryAgency Agency – taught by God– taught by GodDescriptive Descriptive – temple of his body– temple of his bodySubjective Subjective – lust of the flesh– lust of the flesh

Dative Summary: I I LIST

Indirect object: He gave it to himIndirect object: He gave it to himInterest: store for yourselvesInterest: store for yourselvesLocation: in a small boatLocation: in a small boatInstrumental: saved by graceInstrumental: saved by graceSphere: knew in his spiritSphere: knew in his spiritTime: point of time—on third dayTime: point of time—on third day

Conjunctions - Temporal -- Structural Markers a@xria@xri until until

e]pei<e]pei< when whene]peidh< e]peidh< when whene!wj e!wj until untilo!te o!te when when pri<npri<n before before

Conjunctions - Causal - Structural Markers ga<rga<r for for

dio<tidio<ti because becausee]pei<e]pei< since sinceo!tio!ti because becausew[jw[j since sincee]peidh<e]peidh< since since

Conjunctions - Purpose -- Structural Markers i!nai!na in order that in order that

o!pwjo!pwj in order that in order thatw[j w[j in order that in order that

Conjunctions - Continuative - Structural Markers de<de< and, now and, now

i!nai!na that that kai<kai< and ando!ti o!ti that thatou#nou#n then, now then, nowte< te< and and

Conjunctions - Adversative - Structural Markers a]lla<a]lla< but but

de<de< but butkai<kai< but -- rare but -- rareme<ntoime<ntoi however howeverou#n ou#n however however

Other structural marking particles

a]mh<na]mh<n so be it, truly so be it, trulya@raa@ra therefore thereforei@dei@de behold beholdi]dou<i]dou< behold beholdme<nme<n indeed indeednai<nai< yes, indeed yes, indeed

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer

Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j ou]ranoij:ou]ranoij: father our the one in heaven father our the one in heaven

a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou make holy name yourmake holy name your

e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: let come kingdom yourlet come kingdom your

genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, let be will your let be will your

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer

w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> gh?j: gh?j: as in heaven also on earthas in heaven also on earth

to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n the bread ourthe bread our

e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n sh<meron:sh<meron: daily give us todaydaily give us today

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer

kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> o]feilh<mata h[mw?n:o]feilh<mata h[mw?n: and forgive us trespasses ourand forgive us trespasses our

w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen as also we have forgiven as also we have forgiven

toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n the ones trespassing us the ones trespassing us

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer

kai> mh> ei]sene<gk^j kai> mh> ei]sene<gk^j h[ma?jh[ma?j and do not lead us and do not lead us

ei]j peirasmo<nei]j peirasmo<n into temptation into temptation

a]lla> r[u?sai h[ma?j a]po> a]lla> r[u?sai h[ma?j a]po> but deliver use frombut deliver use from

tou? ponhrou? tou? ponhrou? the evil onethe evil one