master project report stan

8/11/2019 Master Project Report STAN

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Masters of Engineering (Telecommunication)

Project Report on

POWER LINE COMMNIC!TION MO"EL

IN ! #O$E #OL" NETWOR%

&une '

$T!NLE* C#!C%!PP!N

I"+ ,-./0,'1


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Abstract

T2e po3er line communication mo4el5 in t2is report5 is 6eing simulate4 for 2ouse2ol4 purpose In

course of t2e researc2 4one for t2is report7 t2ere 3ere numerous fin4ings of applications ot2er

t2an po3er transmission t2roug2 PLC s8stem9 In t2is report5 a 4etaile4 stu48 approac2 2as 6een

un4erta:en in or4er to implement a mo4el for po3er line communication c2annel 32ic2 is

connecte4 to a 2ouse2ol4 from t2e po3er station9 It 2as also 6een note4 t2at PLC tec2nolog8 can

6e use4 for 4ual purposes7 32ic2 inclu4es transmitting po3er signal t2roug2 po3er line ca6les as

3ell as transmitting 6inar8 information using t2e same e;isting ca6les 32ic2 are use4 for

transmitting po3er9

T2e nee4 for using coupling capacitors insi4e t2e transmission line is also 6eing 4iscusse49 !

4etaile4 summar8 on 4ifferent c2annel parameters an4 its c2aracteristics are also t2e points of

researc2 in t2is report9 T2e parameter


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Acknowledgements

I 3oul4 li:e to t2an: "r9 pul @una3ar4ana5 project super


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Declaration

I 2ere68 certif8 t2at no part of t2is project report 2as 6een copie4 from an8 ot2er stu4ents 3or:

or from an8 ot2er source e;cept 32ere 4ue ac:no3le4gement is ma4e9

i


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Table of Contents

!6stract99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999ii!c:no3le4gements999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 iii

"eclaration99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999iuenc8 response of t2e c2annel9

!ccor4ing to aut2ors D'5 in a po3er line c2annel5 attenuation increases proportionall8 to t2e

4istance of t2e c2annel 9Normall8 t2e po3er line is connecte4 to 2ouse 2ol4 appliances 3or:ing

in a lo3 uenc8 response of t2e c2annel5

t2e response of t2e appliances to t2e c2annel is o6ser


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T2e 6ac:groun4 noise is ta:en into consi4eration from t2e general appliances in t2e 2ouse 2ol4s5

impulse noise is ta:en from lig2t emitte4 from lig2t 4immers7 t2e 2ig2er t2e 6rea: lengt2 of t2e

4immer5 2ig2er t2e intensit8 of t2e lig2t9 D.9 ! 4etail stu48 of t2e transmission line is essential to

:no3 more a6out t2e fre>uenc8 response of t2e po3er line c2annel9

T2e aut2ors reflects upon t2e concept t2at D.5 t2e transmission line consists of 0 parts 32ic2

comprises of core insulation5 ca6le insulation s2eat2 an4 t2e outer con4uctor of t2e transmission

line 32ere it lies insi4e a 4ielectric s2eat2 jac:et9 #ere t2e ra4ius of t2e con4uctor is ta:en as 'r

an4 after t2e insulation5 it is 4enote4 as "9

$igure 1" An illustration of the Transmission line. %&'

T2e ca6les use4 for t2e po3er line transmission is ta:en as a 4istri6ute4 net3or:5 in 32ic2 t2e


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$igure #" An illustration of the Transmission line. (onate et al. #))*+ pp ,&-,,!

In D15 t2e c2aracteristics of t2e po3er line c2annel can 6e categoriHe4 68 t3o intrinsic

parameters7 t2e c2aracteristic impe4ance an4 t2e propagation constant9

T2e8 can 6e calculate4 68 6elo3 mention formula+

!ccor4ing to aut2ors D-5 t2e line parameters can 6e calculate4 68 t2e formula+

;i


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$ince t2ere are


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Chapter - Different Approaches $ollowed in PLC /odelling

!ccor4ing to aut2ors DA5 po3er line tec2nolog8 can 6e use4 for man8 multime4ia

tec2nologies9 It can 6e a 6rea: t2roug2 for t2e 4euenc8 an4 time 4omain

T2e :e8 concept 6e2in4 noise mo4eling is to filter out t2e specific pro6a6ilit8 4ensit8 function

32ic2 is re>uire4 for t2e purpose of c2annel mo4eling9 T2e filtering is 4one from man8 noise

components 32ic2 are present from its spectral 4ensit89 T2e 4ifferent noise components present

in t2e spectral 4ensit8 are colore4 noise5 6ac:groun4 noise5 perio4ic impulse noise5 narro3 6an4

noise an4 as8nc2ronous impulsiuire4 parameters is 4one 68 ta:ing repeate4 measurements 32ic2 results in scattere4


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t2at5 alt2oug2 it is eas8 to implement an4 retrieuenc8 an4 time 32ic2

s2oul4 6e appropriate for mo4elling purpose9 T2e ot2er name use4 for empirical met2o4olog8 is

priori met2o49

T2e 6ottom up approac2 accor4ing to aut2ors 2as 6een 3i4el8 accepte4 mo4elling tec2ni>ue for

po3er line communication mo4eling9 T2e 32ole i4ea is 6ase4 on pro


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T2e matri; representation is implemente4 usuall8 on computers9 T2e matri; representation is

usuall8 use4 in implementing t3o G port net3or:s9 T2ese t3o?port net3or:s are 3i4el8 use4 in5

computers an4 for ot2er transmission purposes9 T2e t3o parameters t2at can 6e use4 68 t2e t3o

port net3or: 3ill 6e t2e


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T2e 6ac:groun4 noise is usuall8 mo4ele4 in t2e fre>uenc8 4omain 3it2 a 4ecrease4


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implementation of c2anneling is 4one pre


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.& 3eneral /odels 4sed for PLC channel modelling.

Mo4el 6ase4 on instantaneous amplitu4e of t2e mains


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Chapter & - Different PLC Concepts Adopted in 7ome etwork

$igure &" 3eneral illustration of plc model in home network

!ccor4ing to aut2ors DA5 t2e a6o


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$igure 5" PLC noise model implementation

T2e noise mo4el pro4uce4 68 &ung s 8 '' 2as propose4 a mo4el for po3er line communication

c2annel9 #ere t2e concept foun4 out 68 t2e aut2or is t2at 32en t2e fre>uenc8 is increasing5

attenuation in t2e c2annel increases 3it2 it9 T2erefore 3e can consi4er t2e fre>uenc8 in t2e

c2annel to 6e proportional 3it2 t2e attenuation pro4uce49

#ere t2e input signal is gi


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$igure 8" PLC model done in a neighborhood images from google.co.in!

T2e a6o


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using $PICE circuit simulation or 68 t2e matri; representation 9T2e 4ominants propagation mo4e

3ill 6e allo3e4 for partial separation 9t2e appliances connecte4 to t2e net3or: cause current

im6alance 32ic2 are also calle4 t2e common?mo4e9

PLC communication c2annel 2ol4s go4 for lot of electronics appliances9 T2e 3ireless ser


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Chapter 5 - PLC modelling in medium 9oltage network

!ccor4ing to t2e aut2ors D/5 it 2as alrea48 6een note4 t2at PLC s8stems are use4 for

transmitting po3er at a particular fre>uenc8 32ic2 can also 6e use4 as a source of transmitting

information 6its9 T2ese applications are 4one 68 utiliHing t2e po3er gri4s installe4 in t2e po3er

line communication c2annel9 PLC tec2nolog8 can 6e ma4e to 3or: in me4ium


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ra4ius9 T2is po3er line ca6le is t2en simulate4 68 using t2e !TP?EMTP routine to o6tain t2e

c2annel parameters an4 to :no3 a6out t2eir c2aracteristics9

5.# :9erhead Line parameters"

T2is particular parameter is o6taine4 68 using t2ree?p2ase 3ires in a 2oriHontal arrangement9 T2e

4imension of t2e con4uctors is 1mm ; '5 32ere t2e 2eig2t of t2e con4uctor is /mm an4 is ma4e

to stan4 on 3oo4en poles9 #ere t2e constants or t2e c2annel parameters are calculate4 68 t2e

!TP?EMTP routines9 T2e major concept ta:en into consi4eration is t2e attenuation cause4 68 t2e

s:in effect an4 t2e eart2 surface9 T2e pollacHe:s an4 carsons formula gi


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summe4 up 3it2 t2is to o6tain 2ig2 fre>uenc8 capacitiuenc8 signal in a transmission line5 32ic2

pro4uces a stan4ing 3a


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$imulation results for t2e un4ergroun4 ca6le+

T2e 6elo3 4iagram clearl8 4epicts t2e simulate4 results for t2e


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#ere t2e me4ium


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$igure 1)" Influence of freection"

It is


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$igure 11" 6ignal 9oltage profiles for PLC signal in>ected at 1#5) meters

$igure 1#" 6ignal 9oltage profiles for PLC signals in>ected at #5)) meters

5.8 6imulation results for the o9erhead line configuration"

In t2is scenario5 a me4ium


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configurations9 #ere t2e influence of fre>uenc8 an4 line lengt2 are in suc2 a 3a8 t2at line

lengt2s up to multiples of , meters 32ic2 are e;cee4e4 to 0' meters an4 simulation is 4one

for uencies9 T2e effect of fre>uenc8 an4 line lengt2 for t2is configuration is 4epicte4

in t2e 6elo3 illustrate4 fre>uenc8 response 4iagram9

$igure 1" Influence of fre


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$igure 1&" 6ignal 9oltage profile for o9erhead line with different transformer configurations.

T2ere is also t2e necessit8 of simulating t2e cross?tal: in


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$igure 15" 6ignal 9oltage profile of the transmitted signal and cross-talk.

5.* Arial /; network 6imulation"

#ere t2e s8stem 4escription consists of t2e M 4istri6ution net3or: 32ic2 consists of su6?

station 3it2 a main transformer of ,M!5 ,1F' :ilo


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transmission line at impe4ances '9'' o2ms5 9,' o2ms at 1 %#H an4 1 %#H act as a s2ort circuit

for t2e signal9 T2e 6elo3 4iagram 3ill 4epict t2e M net3or: configuration9

$igure 18" /; network configuration

;;;iii


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Chapter 8 - Power Line Communication PLC! /odel

T2e mo4el 32ic2 2as 6een 4e


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si4e9 T2e figure (,A) gi


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$ig 1 Power line communication s=stem in a simulated en9ironment 6imulink /odel!

;;;


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8.1 Transmitter 2lock coupling circuit!"

$ig 1, Transmitter 2lock

T2e transmitter 6loc: 6asicall8 consists of a linear transformer connecte4 to t2e main po3er line9

T2e input of t2e transformer is connecte4 in series 3it2 a capacitor an4 resistor9 T2e output of t2e

transformer is connecte4 in series 3it2 a capacitor 9t2e main purpose of t2is capacitor is to

maintain t2e flo3 of current in t2e circuit9 ! 6loc: for controlling current source is :ept for

managing o


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T2e output s2oul4 6e fe4 across t2e loa4 32ic2 is RLC filter9 T2e loa4 is connecte4 to anot2er set

of filter 32ic2 filters out more un3ante4 2ig2 fre>uenc8 signals9 T2is no4e is ta:en out into t2e

scope 9$imulate4 result is s2o3n later in t2e coming c2apter9

T2e ne;t aspect 32ic2 3ill 6e 4iscusse4 is t2e parameter settings use4 for 4ifferent components9

=irst t2ere 3ill 6e an insig2t regar4ing passi


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T2e nominal fre>uenc8 gi


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T2e input to t2is 4ecoupling circuit is t2e com6ine4


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Chapter *- 6imulated results

T2e simulate4 result o6taine4 s2o3s output


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$ig #& simulated results for sine wa9e

T2e first 3in4o3 s2o3s us t2e original transmitte4 $INE W!E signal 3it2 a6o


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$ig #5 6imulated result for saw tooth wa9e.

T2e first 3in4o3 s2o3s us t2e original transmitte4 $!W TOOT# signal 3it2 a6o


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$ig #8 6imulated result for s


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Chapter - Conclusions

"ue to t2e increasing nee4 for 6etter infrastructure in 2ouse2ol4s5 PLC tec2nolog8 an4 its

relating 4e


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?eferences

D, Pauenc8 Range of , M#H to 0 M#H5 T%e International

Conference on &Com$uter as a Tool' Warsa35 $eptem6er ?,'5 'A5 pp9 /.?//9

DA @erar4o Laguna an4 Ricar4o Barron5 K$ur


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Po3er Line L!N p to t2e Neig26or2oo4 Transformer5 IEEE Communications Magazine5

!pril '09

D, 9 Belo< 5 N9 Pal48ae< 5 !9 $2amae< 5 P9 Leisner 5 !9 &o2ansson an4 I9 Belo

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