master in engineering design
DESCRIPTION
ACADS - Cinema Case Study. Milestone 3. José Gaspar. 29 April 2005. Cinema Specifications:. Standard type: Commercial Cinema Type of Film: 35 mm Number of Seats: 308 Floor area: 266 m2 Height: 7m; Width: 14m; Depth: 19m. Master in Engineering Design. PT 103232. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Milestone329 April, 2005
PT 103232
Milestone329 April, 2005
Cinema Statistics (Social & Economic Problems)
Very Bad (1); Bad (2); Sufficient (3)Good (4); Very Good (5); Excellent (6)
Mean & Standard Deviation
Left Center Right
1.3 ; 1.5 4.0 ; 2.0 1.7 ; 1.8
1.1 ; 1.5 4.8 ; 0.9 1.8 ; 1.6
0.6 ; 0.9 2.3 ; 2.4 0.8 ; 1.2
0.6 ; 0.8 1.0 ; 0.7 0.8 ; 0.9
Room activity / total rooms ratio in the 4 T/04:
23% for cinema auditorium (medium dimension)35% for cinema on shopping center (175 per session)44% for polyvalent room (313 seat per session)
Increase on room with minor dimensionMean room dimension: 216 seat
Increase on number of screens: + 11%Increase on number of seat: + 8,1%Increase on film sessions: + 19,8%
Decrease on number of spectators: - 11,1 %Decrease on ticket revenues: - 8,8%Ticket Mean Price: 4,1 euros
INE, 4T/2004
Questionnaire(40 spectators)
Public tolerable to spectator:
• Some public (4.6)• Few public (4.4)• Room almost empty (3.6; 1,6)• A lot of public (3.6; 1)• Full Room (2.0)
Ticket Reservation Aspects:
• Room Area (4.2)• Specific Localization (4.4)• Corridor proximity (2.7)• Occupancy (2)• Exit proximity (2)
Milestone329 April, 2005
Running costs (Efficiency Problem)
Annual Fuel Consumption = (cte * Annual Load) / (cte2 * HCE * UE) [litre/annum]
Annual Load = cte3 * (Degree-days) * FBC * FMO * FPO [MWh]
Building & system type (Thermal and Response Capacity)
Operation over 30 weeks per annum (October – April) for a 5 day week and occupation during 12 hours. Wall isolation considered adiabatic.
Inside design temperature: + 20ºC
Outside design temperature: -3º C
Heavyweight(*),
Intermittent
&
Slow Response System
Lightweight(*), Intermittent
&
Fast Response System
Heat conversion efficiency (HCE) 0.65 0.65
Utilization efficiency (UE) 0.93 0.93
Factor of building characteristic (FBC) 1.22 0.76
Factor of mode of operation (FMO) 0.81 0.41
Factor of period of occupation (FPO) 0.98 0.85
FBC * FMO * FPO 1.018 0.383
Annual Load Difference between the two structures - 64%
(*) Building Standard Weights (or Weight/unit of floor area):
146,5 kg/m2 (Light); 341,8 kg/m2 (medium); 634,7 kg/m2 (Heavy)
Milestone329 April, 2005
ACADS Technical Solutions
T T
T T
TTT
T
T
T
• Large Control Volume• High Thermal Capacity• High Room Preheat energy
ACADS - MultiZone Control:
• 8 Control Volume – “thermal isles”• 8 Low isle thermal capacities• 8 Low isle preheat energy• Room heated by isles
Prior Art - Single Zone Control:
Home
PDA
Ticket Office
Smart Phone
Load
Time
Predictive Thermal Load
Real Thermal Load
PLC
T
Alternative A Alternative B
Alternative C
Internet
T T
T T
TTT
T
T
266 m2 x 634,7 Kg/m2 > Σ Ai x 634,7 kg/m2
Milestone329 April, 2005
ACADS Impact on the Room Acclimatization
Part Occupancy
Total Occupancy
Classic HVAC Design
1. Operate only at total space (occupancy independent)2. Big reaction time3. Thermal steady state across time4. Thermal unnatural and neutral world5. Low performance and efficiency (part occupancy)
Part Occupancy
Total Occupancy
ACADS Design
1. Operate on localized spaces (occupancy dependent); 2. Low reaction time;3. Excellent performance and efficiency (part occupancy);4. Richer space thermal experience;5. Symbolic and cultural role;6. Better sustainability;
Milestone329 April, 2005
Air MultiZone Supply System
Air Floor Return Plenum (FRP)
Eight Air Supply Plenums (SP)
Ceiling Return Plenum (CRP)
Connecting Chamber (CC)
FRPSP
SP
CRP
CC
Air Handling Units (AHU)
Ventilation Network (VN)
AHUVN
AHU1 – Rear Half Room
Fresh Air Supply (FAS)
AHU2 – Front Half Room
Air Exhaust (AE)
AHU1
AHU2
FAS
AE
Rear MultiZone Air Supply (RS)
Front MultiZone Air Supply (FS)
Air Seat Diffuser (ASD)
Air Supply Plenum (ASP)
Air Handling Unit (AHU1)
FS
RS
ASP
ASD
AHU1
ASD
AHU1
ASP
Equipment required to test different control alternatives:
• 8 zones to control, each one with a thermocouple;
• 8 zones to control, each one with a modulating damper;
• 2 PLC & instrumentation to control two VAV Air Handling Units;
• Communication between PLC and the ticket management PC;
• PLC expandable to experiment more alternatives or concepts during the development phase.
• Max Airflow: 3960 m3/h
• Insufflation ductwork:
Ø560, Ø400, Ø355 mm
• Suction ductwork:
Ø710, Ø560
• Exhaust ductwork:
• Ø710, Ø560 mm
AHU2 Ductwork sizing data
• Max Airflow: 5280 m3/h
• Insufflation ductwork:
Ø630, Ø355, Ø280 mm
• Suction ductwork:
Ø710, Ø560, Ø630, Ø560 mm
• Exhaust ductwork:
Ø710, Ø630 mm
AHU1 Ductwork sizing data:
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RD opened
ED closed
TE
CC
Ventilation Reclaim – Winter Operation
Air Reclaim Damper (RD)
Thermal Energy (TE)
Air Exhaust Damper (ED)
Connecting Chamber (CC)
TE
FreshAir
ExhaustAir
To theRoom
From the
Room
Milestone329 April, 2005
Vent. Reclaim Plus – Winter Operation
Window (W) opened before/after film session:- Natural light;- Artificial light reduction;- A new experience.
Heat gained from spectator energy (HGSp)Heat gained from solar energy (HGSol)Heat reclaim from HGSp & HGSol balance
HGSpHGSol
TE
W W
FreshAir
ExhaustAir
To theRoom
From the
Room
SolarEnergy
Milestone329 April, 2005
Heat Exhaust/Free Cooling – Summer Op.
FreshAir
ExhaustAir
To theRoom
From the
Room
Milestone329 April, 2005
System Sizing & Energy Simulations
1. Hourly Analysis Program, version 4.22a, Carrier2. FlexAir, Carrier3. ….
ACADS
ACADS as a “MultiZone system without internal walls“
Milestone329 April, 2005
Collaborative Product Development
HVAC Designers &
Experts
Cinema Owners Sponsors HVAC Control Services
Milestone329 April, 2005