mast cell tryptase controls paracellular permeability of the intestine 生科四甲 陳子甯

21
Mast Cell Tryptase Controls Paracellular Permeability of the Intestine 生生生生 生生生

Post on 19-Dec-2015

246 views

Category:

Documents


4 download

TRANSCRIPT

Mast Cell Tryptase Controls Paracellular Permeability

of the Intestine

生科四甲陳子甯

作者假設: mast cells signal to colonocytes by release of

tryptase and activation of PAR2, and that PAR2 couples to ERK1/2 by a βARR-dependent mechanism to regulate TJs.

ERK1/2ERK1/2 :: extracellular signal-regulated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2kinases 1/2

βARR:β-arrestinarrestin

TJ: tight junction

作者目標:

證實 PAR2 的活化造成 TJs 和細胞膜滲透性的改變。

證實 mast cell 藉由分泌 tryptase 來活化 PAR2 ,造成 colonocytes細胞內鈣離子濃度上升及細胞膜滲透性提高。

. 證實 ERK1/2 及 βARR 在 PAR2 活化的這個機制中,扮演何種角色

ERK1/2ERK1/2 :: extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2

βARR:β-arrestinarrestin

Mast cell:

Model for β-arrestin-dependent activation of ERK1/2 by PAR2

microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs)

phospholipase A2 (PLA2) Ca2+

FIG. 1. Expression of mRNA encoding PAR2 and trypsinogen IV by colonocytes.

525bp

400bp

525bp400bp

c p c T c p c T

確認 NCM460 和 T84 這兩株小腸表皮細胞都能夠表現 PAR2 和 trypsinogenIV

NCM460 和 T84 都是種小腸表皮細胞

FIG. 2. PAR2-mediated mobilization of [Ca2+]i in colonocytes.

AP: 由六個 AA 組成 -SLIGKV

RP: 是 AP 序列相反的peptide-VKGILS 。用來當做 control 組。

結論:如果細胞外無鈣離子,細胞仍可利用本身所儲存的鈣離子來進行訊號傳遞。

FIG. 3. PAR2-mediated mobilization of [Ca2+]i in colonocytes.

結論: trypsin 活化 PAR2 後,的確會讓細胞體內的鈣離子增加。

而 trypsin 的確對 PAR2 有專一性。

c

FIG. 4. Characterization of CHMC.

確認 mast cell 與 IgE binding 後,可促進degranuled 。

測不同型態的 CHMC 的螢光強度。

CHMC 是種 mast cell

SBTI: Soybean trypsin inhibitor

證實 mast cell 分泌 tryptase

的方式是 degranule 。

Flow Cytometry

FIG. 5. Mast cell signaling to colonocytes.

48/80 :是種促使 mast cell degranule

的藥物。

證實 mast cell 的確是用 degranule 的方式將 tryptase 送至 supernatant form 中,傳至 colonocytes

TER ( transepithelial resistance ) & paracellular permeability

FIG. 6. Effects of PAR2 agonists on paracellular permeability.

證實 PAR2 Activation Increases Paracellular Permeability

HRP 是種位於細胞質中的酵素。

ZO-1 與 E-cadhesin

Apical

Basal

Zo-1

E-cadhesin

FIG. 7. PAR2-induced redistribution of TJ proteins and F-actin detected by microscopy

ZO-1

Claudin-1

F-actin

occludin

Isotype

證實了 PAR2 的確會讓 TJ protein 和 F-actin redistribution 。

FIG. 8. PAR2-induced redistribution of TJ proteins detected by subcellular fractionation and Western blotting.

結論: PAR2 的確會造成 TJ proteins的 redistribution

E-cadherin is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates epithelial cell-to-celladhesion.

FIG. 9. Effects of mast cell products on paracellular permeability.

證實了 PAR2 的確會改變paracellular permeability

FIG. 10. ERK1/2-mediated changes in paracellular permeability.

ERK1/2 可以調控 paracellular permeability ,而 PAR2 可以調控 ERK1/2 ,所以 PAR2 與調控 paracellular permeability 有關。

UO126 :是種抑制 ERK1/2 磷酸化的藥劑。

FIG. 11. Down-regulation of βARR using siRNA

βARR1βARR2

498bp381bp

βARR 是種 cytoplasm-nucleus messenger ,會與 PAR2 結合,活化 ERK1/2

證實: βARR 會活化 ERK1/2

FIG. 12. βARR-mediated changes in paracellular permeability.

Oligofectamine 可促進 βARR 與 ERK1/2 binding 的一種藥劑。

證實 PAR2 活化後,使 βARR 促進 ERK1/2 活化,

進而改變 colonocytes 的滲透性。

Conclusion

Colonocytes expressed PAR2 mRNA and responded to PAR2 agonists with increased [Ca2+]i

Mast cells signal to colonocytes in a paracrine manner by release of tryptase and activation of PAR2.

βARR促進 ERK1/2的活化,導致 colonocytes的 permeability上升