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Of all known insects only

<1/10 of 1%

are serious pests

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Development of Commercial

Biological Control

142 suppliers, 130 species

(1997)

California Environmental

Protection Agency- Department

of Pesticide Regulation

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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

  1   9   6   7

  1   9   7   0

  1   9   7   3

  1   9   7   6

  1   9   7   9

  1   9   8   2

  1   9   8   5

  1   9   8   8

  1   9   9  1

  1   9   9  4

  1   9   9   7

   2   0   0   0

   2   0   0   3

 Year 

   C  u  m  u   l  a   t   i  v  e

   N  u  m   b  e  r  o   f   S

  p  e  c   i  e  s

New Product DevelopmentNew Product Development

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 Amblyseius swirskii 

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F eltiella acarisuga Diptera: Cecidomyiidae

(Therodiplosis persicae in Europe)

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Multi-cellular Invertebrate

Natural Enemies

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Purposes for Rearing InsectsPurposes for Rearing Insects

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Purposes for Rearing InsectsPurposes for Rearing Insects

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Blister BeetlesBlister Beetles

MedfliesMedflies

Types of Insect Rearing SystemsTypes of Insect Rearing Systems

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ScrewwormScrewworm

MedflyMedfly

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Parasite and Predator RearingParasite and Predator Rearing

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Options for Colonizing InsectsOptions for Colonizing Insects

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Maintaining the Quality of Maintaining the Quality of 

Colonized InsectsColonized Insects Collection of appropriate biotypesCollection of appropriate biotypes

Colonization and strain developmentColonization and strain development Rearing proficiencyRearing proficiency

Colony managementColony management Behavior Behavior--genetic selectiongenetic selection

Strain replacementStrain replacement

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Quality Control CriteriaQuality Control Criteria

QuantityQuantity-- number of pupae & adultsnumber of pupae & adults

SizeSize-- weight of pupaeweight of pupae

FecundityFecundity-- oviposition & egg hatchoviposition & egg hatch

Rate of DevelopmentRate of Development-- synchronizationsynchronization

 Adult Behavior  Adult Behavior-- flight & longevityflight & longevity

Field PerformanceField Performance-- achieve purposeachieve purpose

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Structured

DiagnosticProcedures

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Periodic Review VersusPeriodic Review Versus

Crisis ReviewCrisis Review

ScrewwormScrewworm

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Total Quality

Management

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Generic Guidelines for Generic Guidelines for 

Quality SystemsQuality Systems

Policy, planning and administrationPolicy, planning and administration

Design assurance and change controlDesign assurance and change control

Control of purchased materialsControl of purchased materials

Production quality controlProduction quality control

User contact and field performanceUser contact and field performance

Corrective actionCorrective action

Employee selection, training and motivationEmployee selection, training and motivation

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To facilitate and advanceTo facilitate and advance

costcost--effective rearing of higheffective rearing of high--

quality insects and other quality insects and other arthropods in support of arthropods in support of 

biological control andbiological control and

integrated pest managementintegrated pest management

IOBC

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Workshops of the IOBC,Workshops of the IOBC,

WGQC (AMRQC)

WGQC (AMRQC)

19821982 Gainesville, FloridaGainesville, Florida E. F. Boller and D. L. ChambersE. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers

19841984 Wadenswil, SwitzerlandWadenswil, Switzerland E. F. Boller and D. L. ChambersE. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers

19861986 Guatemala City, GuatemalaGuatemala City, Guatemala C. 0. CalkinsC. 0. Calkins

19881988 Vancouver, CanadaVancouver, Canada C. 0. CalkinsC. 0. Calkins

19911991 Wageningen, The NetherlandsWageningen, The Netherlands F. Bigler and J. C. van LenterenF. Bigler and J. C. van Lenteren

19921992 Horsholm, DenmarkHorsholm, Denmark F. Bigler F. Bigler 

19931993 Rimini, ItalyRimini, Italy M. Benuzzi and N. C. LepplaM. Benuzzi and N. C. Leppla

19951995 Santa Barbara, CaliforniaSanta Barbara, California R. F. Luck and N. C. LepplaR. F. Luck and N. C. Leppla19981998 Cali, ColombiaCali, Colombia N. C. Leppla and T. R. AshleyN. C. Leppla and T. R. Ashley

20032003 Montpellier, FranceMontpellier, France K. Bolckmans, P. De Clercq,K. Bolckmans, P. De Clercq,

S. Grenier, A. Hale and N. LepplaS. Grenier, A. Hale and N. Leppla

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IOBC, AMRQC

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Commercial Biological ControlCommercial Biological Control

OrganizationsOrganizations

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Global QC ProgramsGlobal QC Programs

Individual CompaniesIndividual Companies

CustomersCustomers

International StandardsInternational Standards

ISO 9000ISO 9000

 ASTM (Amer. Soc. for Testing & Materials) ASTM (Amer. Soc. for Testing & Materials)

IOBC Guidelines (European Community)IOBC Guidelines (European Community)

The MarketplaceThe MarketplaceQuality ProductsQuality Products

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Insect Rearing and QualityInsect Rearing and Quality

Control ReferencesControl References

Rearing of InsectsRearing of Insects ((Encyclopedia of Insects, Resh &Encyclopedia of Insects, Resh &Carde 2002)Carde 2002)

The Basics of Insect Rearing (Encyclopedia of The Basics of Insect Rearing (Encyclopedia of 

Entomology, Capinera 2004)Entomology, Capinera 2004)Guidelines for quality control of commerciallyGuidelines for quality control of commercially

produced natural enemies (Quality Control andproduced natural enemies (Quality Control andProduction of Biological Control Agents, Theory andProduction of Biological Control Agents, Theory and

Testing Procedures, van Lenteren 2003).Testing Procedures, van Lenteren 2003).

The Foundation of Quality Control for Insect RearingThe Foundation of Quality Control for Insect Rearing(Principles and Procedures for Rearing Quality(Principles and Procedures for Rearing QualityInsects, Mississippi State University, Schneider 2006)Insects, Mississippi State University, Schneider 2006)

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Information on CommercialInformation on Commercial

Biological ControlBiological Control

http://ipm.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu