mass balance- in non-reactive system 1 learning objectives by the end of this topic, you should be...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mass Balance-
in Non-Reactive System 1 (Single unit)
1
![Page 2: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this topic, you should be able to: • Performed material balance for distillation column
![Page 4: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
EXAMPLE 2
A liquid mixture of benzene (B) and toluene (T) containing 55% B by
mass is fed continuously to a distillation column with a feed rate of 100
kg/h.
A product stream leaving the top of the column (overhead product)
contains 85% B and a bottom product stream contains 10.6% B by
mass. Determine the mass flow rate of the overhead product stream
and the mass flow rate of the bottom product stream.
![Page 13: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
STEPS 2, 3 & 4
DISTILLATION COLUMN
0.450 kg T/kg
0.150 kg T/kg
0.894 kg T/kg
100 kg/h
0.550 kg B/kg
0.850 kg B/kg
0.106 kg B/kg
mV
kg/h
mL
kg/h
EXAMPLE 2
![Page 14: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
STEPS 5-DoF
DoF = unknown - independent eqn
Unknown = 2
Independent equation = 2
DoF must be zero to be solvable
mV mL
&
Material Balance for B and T
DoF = unknown - independent eqn
= 2 - 2 = 0 (problem solvable)
EXAMPLE 2
![Page 15: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Take the basis of calculation = 100 kg/h of feed Since this operation is at steady state and non-reactive system, hence Input = output
DC
0.450 kg T/kg
0.150 kg T/kg
0.894 kg T/kg
100 kg/h
0.550 kg B/kg
0.850 kg B/kg
0.106 kg B/kg
mV
kg/h
mL
kg/h
Total balance:
100 kg/h = mV mL
+ A
Benzene balance:
100 (0.550)
h
B kg
= 0.850 mV
0.106 mL
B +
STEPS 6 & 7
EXAMPLE 2
![Page 16: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Solve equation A and B simultaneously
The results are
mV
mL
= 59.7 kg/h
= 40.3 kg/h
EXAMPLE 2
![Page 17: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
EXAMPLE 3
1000 kg/hr of mixture containing equal parts by mass of methanol and water is
distilled. Product streams leave the top and the bottom of the distillation column.
The flow rate of the bottom stream is measured and found to be 673 kg/hr and the
overhead stream is analyzed and found to contain 96.0 wt% methanol.
a. Draw and label a flowchart of the process and do the degree of freedom analysis.
b. Calculate the mass and mole fractions of methanol and the molar flow rates of
methanol and water in the Top product stream.
c. Suppose the bottom product stream is analyzed and the mole fraction of
methanol is found to be significantly higher than the value calculated in part (b),
list as many possible reasons for the discrepancy as you can think of.
![Page 18: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
STEPS 2, 3 & 4
DISTILLATION COLUMN
50 wt% M
96 wt % M
Y wt% M
1000 kg/h
50 wt% W
4 wt % W
X wt% W
mV
kg/h
mL=673 kg/h
EXAMPLE 3
![Page 19: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
EXAMPLE 3
STEPS 5-DoF
DoF = unknown - independent eqn
Unknown = 3
Independent equation = 3
DoF must be zero to be solvable
mV, X, Y
Material Balance for, Overall and specific balance for W and M
DoF = unknown - independent eqn
= 3 -3
= 0 (problem solvable)
![Page 20: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
DISTILLATION
COLUMN
50 wt% M
96 wt % M
Y wt% M
F=1000 kg/h
50 wt% W
4 wt % W
X wt% W
mV
kg/h
mL=673 kg/h
EXAMPLE 3
327
6731000
V
V
LV
m
m
mmF
Basic of calculation, F=1000 kg/h
Overall Balance
28.072.01
72.0
)673()327(04.0500
04.0500
Y
X
X
mXm LV
Specific Balance for Water
![Page 21: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
EXAMPLE 3
Stream Water Methanol Total
(kg/h) wt% (kg/h) wt% (kg/h)
INPUT, F 500 0.5 500 0.5 1000
TOP PRODUCT, MV 13.08 0.04 313.92 0.96 327
BOTTOM PRODUCT, ML 484.56 0.72 188.44 0.28 673
Basic of calculation, F=1000 kg/h
![Page 22: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
EXAMPLE 3
Stream Water Methanol Total Total
(kg/h) (kmol/h) (mol%) (kg/h) (kmol/h) (mol%) (kg/h) (kmol/h)
INPUT, F 500 27.78 0.64 500 15.62 0.36 1000 43.40
TOP
PRODUCT, MV
13.08 0.73 0.07 313.92 9.81 0.93 327 10.54
BOTTOM
PRODUCT, ML
484.56 26.92 0.82 188.44 5.89 0.18 673 32.81
Molecular weight H2O=18 kg/kmol, CH3OH=32 kg/kmol
500/18
13.08/18
484.56/18
500/32
313.92/32
188.44/32
27.78/
(27.78+15.62)
0.73/
(0.73+9.81)
15.62/
(27.78+15.62)
9.81/
(0.73+9.81)
26.92/
(26.92+5.89)
5.89/
(26.92+5.89)
![Page 23: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
EXAMPLE 3
a.Suppose the bottom product stream is analyzed and the mole fraction of methanol is found to be significantly higher than the value calculated in part (b), list as many possible reasons for the discrepancy as you can think of.
![Page 24: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
CLASS EXERCISE 1
300 gallons of a mixture containing 75 wt% ethanol and 25 wt% water
(mixture SG=0.877) and a quantity of a 40.0 wt% ethanol-60.0 wt% water
mixture (SG=0.952) are blended to produce a mixture containing 60.0 wt%
ethanol.
Draw and label a flowchart on the mixing process and do the degree of
freedom analysis.
•Calculate the input stream containing 40.0 wt % ethanol.
![Page 25: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
TAKE HOME ACTIVITY
F1
F2
P1
300 gal 75 wt% Eth 25 wt% H2O
40 wt% Eth 60 wt% H2O
60 wt% Eth 40 wt% H2O
Basis of calculation F1=100 kg F1+F2=P1 100+F2=P1 [1]
Eth Balance 75+0.4F2=0.6P1 [2] Solve Eq [1] and [2] simultaneously F2=75 kg, and P1=175 kg
![Page 26: Mass Balance- in Non-Reactive System 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: •Performed material balance for distillation column](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022022009/5ae849787f8b9a08778f862c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
TAKE HOME ACTIVITY
300 gal
1 m3
264.17 gal
Given, SG for 75 wt% Eth=0.877, density = 877 kg/m3
=1.13 m3 or 991 kg
Hence, for 100 kg F1, required 75 kg F2, then for 991 kg of F1, will required (991/100)x75=743.25 kg