masonry software review v4 - avant-garde engineering · (csc-tedds) during a webinar “… we know...

Masonry day presentation at UW-Stout 10/10/2012

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REVIEW OF STRUCTURAL MASONRY DESIGN SOFTWARE

MASONRY DAYUW-STOUTSam Rubenzer, PE, SEFORSE CONSULTING

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agenda

general approach of software programs compare software for:

Codes supported for loading and analysis, and analysis procedure

Types of masonry components designed and integrity of results

Ability to customize for masonry design BIM integration, capabilities and limitations

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structural engineering software

software is continuously changing our ability to do many things in our lives, personal and professional.

this is no different with structural engineering. Software will make you a better engineer as long as you use the software as a tool, and don't become an "operator".

never let the software think for you, only let it think faster

never let the software decide for you. Period.

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every program is a "black box". It's our decision to either understand what the program is doing or to simply assume that the program is correct.

Wikipedia - "In science and engineering, a black box is a device, system or object which can be viewed solely in terms of its input, output and transfer characteristics without any knowledge of its internal workings, that is, its implementation is "opaque" (black). Almost anything might be referred to as a black box: a transistor, an algorithm, or the human mind."

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never, never assume the software is doing anything correctly

never assume the software is making the same decisions you would make

software programs are a tools, you are the engineer, never forget that

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never, never assume the software is doing anything correctly (as you would have done it “by hand”)

examples certain programs will distribute load one-way regardless of the span aspect ratio, even 100:1

automatic features are by far the most dangerous settings aren’t apparent when using software, in the manual

default settings are dangerous create a false sense of a "standard“ only reasonable when from an institution (such as IMI, Masonry

Society, etc.), and even then it is usually conditional

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structural engineering software"do you agree with the programmer?"

with all of the codes that we rely on today, structural engineers also rely on: education, experience, and good judgment Your good engineering judgment is still invaluable

when software programmers develop programs for us to use, they are relying on codes and their own judgment

you will find that your judgment isn't always in agreement with another structural engineer's don’t use a feature you don’t agree with don’t assume “well there are a lot of other users of this program and

they must agree with how this program is doing this calculation… …so it must be OK?

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two quotes I agree with…

(CSC-TEDDS) during a webinar“… we know that it is impossible to automateengineering judgment…”

(IES-QuickMasonry)“we have deliberately not automated the whole process because we don’t think it is rational or even possible…”

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which tool would you use to put in a nail?

well, it depends… what’s the size and quantity of nails?

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what’s your favorite flavor?

graphic user interface

you begin to prefer a certain flavor, and even when something better comes along

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the review

masonry design software

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agenda

general approach of software programs compare software for:

codes supported for loading and analysis, and analysis procedure

types of masonry components designed and integrity of results

ability to customize for masonry designBIM integration, capabilities and limitations

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learning objectives

By reviewing the masonry software programs, be able to: learn to solve masonry problems in new ways select the appropriate software for your office

In the process of reviewing the masonry software programs, we also will show tips for designing masonry walls more economically

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what do these programs have to offer?

Options analysis options: FEA or component calculations walls, lintels, pilasters, and columns masonry material options loading conditions support conditions Allowable Stress Design or Strength Design integration with BIM programs new technologies? Hybrid, AAC, etc.

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analysis options?

Do masonry programs use Finite Element Analysis?

Many masonry programs are not based on FEA Most masonry programs are component design

programs, considering masonry elements to be: isolated simply supported determinate members

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analysis options?

component based masonry design programs

Structural Masonry Design System, NCMA software QuickMasonry, Integrated Engineering Software, Inc. RISA Masonry, RISA Technologies TEDDS, Computer Services Consultants (UK) Limited Structural Engineering Library, Enercalc Inc. Masonry Wall, Digital Canal

RAM Masonry, Bentley Systems, Inc. not really a component design program, but not a full FEM

program, meant to be used with RAM Elements..

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typical masonry wall elements

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analysis options? FEA?

Finite Element based programs that include masonry design: RAM Masonry, RAM Elements, from Bentley

Systems, Inc. RISA Floor and RISA 3D, from

RISA Technologies, LLC

Noticeably absent from the above list(FEA programs without masonry design) RAM Structural System, STAAD.pro ETABS, SAP2000 Visual Analysis

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When is a masonry wall too complicated to design by components, when do we need to consider a FEA?

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Image provided from RISA 3D, RISA Technologies


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masonry material options?

Structural Masonry Design System full list of materials available

QuickMasonry limited, basic, customizable

RISA Masonry limited, basic, customizable

TEDDS limited, basic, customizable

Structural Engineering Library, Enercalc limited, basic, customizable

Masonry Wall limited, basic, customizable

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masonry material options?

RAM Masonry, RAM Elements limited, basic, customizable

RISA Floor and RISA 3D limited, basic, customizable

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unreinforced design options?

Structural Masonry Design System yes

QuickMasonry yes

RISA Masonry yes

TEDDS yes

Structural Engineering Library, Enercalc yes

Masonry Wall yes

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unreinforced design options?

RAM Masonry, RAM Elements yes

RISA Floor and RISA 3D yes

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unreinforced masonry walls(supported top and bottom, lateral load of 5psf)

block size max. wall height ungrouted

max. wall height ungroutedvert. load = 1.0k/ft

max. wall heightsolid grout

6” block 13’-4” 18’-0” 23’-8”

8” block 18’-0” 23’-4” 32’-0”

design based on:- 2009 IBC, strength design- f’m = 2250 psi - IES, QuickMasonry, v3.0

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unreinforced masonry walls

get load into your walls and you can get more of them to work as unreinforced add grout, or partial grout 8” wall, unreinforced, grouted at 40” can go to 12’-0”

use interior wall to support roof instead of just “connecting” to underside of structure

at exterior, don’t just use masonry for curtain wall and steel frame to support roof. Since the masonry is there anyway, use as a loadbearing curtain wall and actually get a more economical design

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walls: Out-of-plane loading?


QuickMasonry yes

RISA Masonry yes

TEDDS yes


Masonry Wall yes

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walls: Out-of-plane loading?


only RISA 3D yes

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walls: wall openings allowed?

none of the component design programs include walls with wall openings

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walls: wall openings allowed?



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walls: parapets considered?

• Do parapets hurt or help a wall design?• Example:

• 8” exterior wall could go to 24’-0” high with no parapet

• 8” exterior wall could go to 28’-0” high with 6’-0” parapet

• Most exteriors walls have a least a minimal parapet, generally that will help your design

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QuickMasonry yes

TEDDS yes


Masonry Wall yes

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walls: multi-story?

consider making the wall continuous~20% less moment for the multi-story wall

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details that prevent multi-story

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walls: multi-story?

consider making the wall continuous from the foundation with a multi-story wallProperty of FO

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VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT AS REQ’D

GROUT AS REQ’D

HORIZONTAL JOINT REINFORCEMENT

CMU SHOWN IN LONGITUDINAL SECTION

DOWELS MAY BE BENT UP TO 1” LATERALLY PER 6” VERTICALLY

FOUNDATION

foundation dowels

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walls: multi-story?

Structural Engineering Library, Enercalc yes, one or two-story

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walls: multi-story?

RAM Masonry, RAM Elements yes, unlimited

RISA Floor and RISA 3D yes, unlimited

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walls: In-plane shearwalls?


QuickMasonry yes

RISA Masonry yes

TEDDS yes

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for shear walls, consider FEM when combining with other systems, & f’m matters to shearwalls

Image provided from RISA 3D, RISA Technologies

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Wall with f’m = 1500psi Wall with f’m = 2250 psi

wall shear = 68 + 69 = 137k (33%)

wall shear = 82 + 83 = 165k (39%)

frame shear = 79+79+62+62= 282k (67%)

frame shear = 71+71+56 +56= 254k (61%)

• result is a shift in shear of 6% from steel frames to masonry shearwallo steel frames and foundation over-designedo masonry wall (likely) and foundation definitely

under-designed

for shear walls, consider FEM when combining with other systems, & f’m matters to shearwalls

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walls: In-plane shearwalls?


only RISA 3D yes

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lintels?


QuickMasonry yes, vertical and horizontal bending and arching action options

RISA Masonry yes, and arching action options

TEDDS yes, and arching action options

defines parameters when aching can be used

Structural Engineering Library, Enercalc yes, and arching action options

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lintels in masonry construction

consider arching action

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lintels?



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pilasters, and columns?

Structural Masonry Design System columns

QuickMasonry both columns and pilasters

RISA Masonry both columns and pilasters

Structural Engineering Library, Enercalc columns

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pilasters, and columns?



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loading conditions available...

Structural Masonry Design System vertical load (eccentricity), horizontal pressure (wind), horizontal

tapered load (soil), horizontal line load

QuickMasonry vertical load (eccentricity), horizontal pressure (wind), horizontal

tapered load (soil), horizontal line load, point load, moment

RISA Masonry vertical load (eccentricity), horizontal pressure (wind), horizontal

tapered load (soil), horizontal line load

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TEDDS vertical load (eccentricity), horizontal pressure (wind)

Structural Engineering Library, Enercalc vertical load (eccentricity), horizontal pressure (wind), horizontal


Masonry Wall vertical load (eccentricity), horizontal pressure (wind), horizontal


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RAM Masonry, RAM Elements vertical load (eccentricity), horizontal

pressure (wind), point load

RISA Floor vertical load (eccentricity)

RISA 3D vertical load (eccentricity), horizontal

pressure (wind), horizontal tapered load (soil), horizontal line load, point load, moment

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support conditions...

Structural Masonry Design System pinned, fixed base and pinned top, fixed base

QuickMasonry pinned base and top (QuickWall does retaining)

RISA Masonry pinned, fixed base and pinned top, fixed base

TEDDS variety, including side supports

Structural Engineering Library, Enercalc pinned, fixed base and pinned top, fixed base

Masonry Wall pinned, fixed base and pinned top, fixed base

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support conditions...

RAM Masonry, RAM Elements pinned, fixed base and pinned top, fixed

base

RISA 3D pinned, fixed base and pinned top, fixed

base

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strength design or allowable stress design?

"Most modern codes are based on strength design, because it gives a more uniform factor of safety against structural failure."- Richard E Klingner

"Loads on a building are either permanent or transient; strength design puts a higher factor of safety on less predictable transient loads.”

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strength design vs. allowable stress designsomething to think about…

ASD

concrete (pre 1970’s)

masonry (most common today)

SD

concrete (most common up to today)

masonry (most common starting tomorrow)

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strength design vs. allowable stress design

ASD

compares actual and allowable stresses

stresses typically kept below the yield load for the member by computing member load capacity as the nominal strength, Rn, divided by a factor of safety

SD

compares required strength to actual strengths

the combined force are kept below a computed member load capacity that is the product of the nominal strength, Rn, times a resistance factor

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allowable stress design

TEK 14-7C: ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN OF CONCRETE MASONRY

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allowable stress design? Masonry Standards Joint Committee

Structural Masonry Design System MSJC 1995, 1999, 2002, 2005, and 2008

QuickMasonry MSJC 2002, 2005, and 2008

RISA Masonry MSJC 1999, MSJC 2002

TEDDS MSJC 2005, and 2008

Structural Engineering Library, Enercalc ACI 530-05, ACI 530-08

Masonry Wall ACI 530-99

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allowable stress design? Masonry Standards Joint Committee

RAM Masonry, RAM Elements MSJC 2005, 2008, 2011

RISA Floor and RISA 3D MSJC 1999, 2002, 2005, 2008

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strength design

TEK 14-4B: STRENGTH DESIGN PROVISIONS FOR CONCRETE MASONRY

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strength design? Masonry Standards Joint Committee

Structural Masonry Design System MSJC 1995, 1999, 2002, 2005, and 2008

QuickMasonry MSJC 2002, 2005, and 2008

RISA Masonry MSJC 1999, MSJC 2002

TEDDS MSJC 2005, 2008

Structural Engineering Library, Enercalc ACI 530-05, ACI 530-08

Masonry Wall ACI 530-99

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strength design?Masonry Standards Joint Committee

RAM Masonry, RAM Elements MSJC 2008

RISA Floor and RISA 3D MSJC 1999, 2002, 2005, 2008

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integration with BIM programs

Making you more efficient Article stating that selecting a material based on

integration with BIM is important. more on this later...

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none of the component design programs reviewed here have integration capabilities with BIM programs

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RAM Masonry, RAM Elements links to Bentley Structural Synchronizer V8i, which:

links to Bentley's Structural Modeler V8i links to AutoDesk's REVIT Structure 2010, 2011, 2012

RISA Floor and RISA 3D links to AutoDesk's REVIT Structure 2010, 2011, 2012

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model in REVIT Structure

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imported into RAM Elements V8i

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NEW TECHNOLOGIES? AAC

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new technologies? AAC

AAC = autoclaved aerated concrete

structural element, not just for architects

none of the component or FE programs include design provisions for AAC

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new technologies? AAC

so how can we design a wall with AAC? spreadsheets? TEDDS? Mathcad?manufacturers will help...

with finite element models most programs allow a custom material to be added this would work well for AAC as well

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• reinforced masonry infill

• combined with structural steel frame

• masonry acts as bracing

• eliminates cutting infill around steel cross bracing

NEW TECHNOLOGIES? HYBRID

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main benefits:

• reduces time and effort for masonry structural design

• combines the unique structural properties of masonry and combines them with other materials such as steel and concrete to produce a total force resistant building system

• reduces overall cost of building construction by reducing tonnage of structural steel

hybrid masonry designreinforced masonry infill

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type l hybrid wall

GAPS 1, 2: NO IN-PLANE LOAD TRANSFER

GAP 2GAP 1

GAP 3

TYPE I

BEAM OR GIRDER

COLUMN

SHEAR WALL

SHEAR (IN-PLANE)

GAP 3: TRANSFERS IN-PLANE SHEAR LOAD; NO AXIAL LOAD

COLUMN

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type ll hybrid wall

GAPS 1, 2: NO IN-PLANE LOAD TRANSFER (SOFT JOINTS)

GAP 2GAP 1

NO GAP

TYPE II

BEAM OR GIRDER

COLUMN

SHEAR WALL

SHEAR (IN-PLANE)

BEAM/GIRDER TRANSFERS IN-PLANE SHEAR LOAD

COLUMN

AXIAL LOAD

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new technologies? hybrid

component design programs only include masonry and are not suited analysis of hybrid systems

however, hybrid really only affects the analysis, so any component design program that handles in-plane loads can be used for the masonry component of hybrid design

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new technologies? hybrid

RAM Masonry, RAM Elements special tools added to assist in modeling hybrid masonry walls

Type I Type II Type III

RISA 3D tools aren't available, but the software is capable of modeling

hybrid masonry walls

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Example of hybrid modelsin RISA 3D and RAM Elements V8i

RISA 3D RAM Elements V8i

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QUICK EXAMPLE

masonry design with component design software and FEA

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quick example

20ft clear height4ft parapet8ftx8ft opening

1.0klf DL at 2in eccen1.4klf LL at 2in eccen

20psf wind pressureProperty of FO

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quick exampleRAM Elements

Moment Distribution(vertical)

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quick example

RAM Elements

final reinforcement layout

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quick example

RAM Elements

Typical Wall Steel1-#4 @40"o.c. vert

Jamb1-#424in strip

Lintel2-#624in deep

NCMA Masonry Software(parapet not considered)

Typical Wall Steel1-#4 @32"o.c. vert

Jamb2-#4 each cell (6 total)24in strip

Lintel2-#6, 40in deep (w/o arching)1-#4, 16in deep (w/ arching)

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TIPS FOR USING SOFTWARE

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tips for masonry design with software

Use the right f'm in your software programs too many people are using 1500psi, we should use

higher “minimum” values depending on local suppliers Higher strength walls are better for tall walls and/or load-

bearing walls

Complicated walls (openings, pilasters, intersecting walls, etc) don't over-simplify a complex design, it's too easy to

under-design or over-design get the right tools, and use them appropriately

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most common errors in FE programswrong stiffnessmodeling of masonry generally doesn't consider

partial grouting cracking, to reduce stiffness openings

walls over connected need to separate to account for CJ

default settings are bad - create a false sense of a "standard"

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What else should we be asking of software developersmore current design codesmore checksmaximum point loadmaximum wall length component and cladding wind load provisions

more flexibility to customize programs Etc

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Don't let a programs limitations limit your ability to design the best building for your client.

In a recent article published by a prominent group, it was suggested that a certain material was better because it was easier to model with BIM, and faster to design with current engineering software.

Current fees for structural design range from 20 to 50c/sqft.Final construction costs are in the range of $120 to $240/sqft.

WHY WOULD YOU CHOOSE A SYSTEM BASED ON DESIGN TIME WHICH IS LESS THAN 0.5% OF THE OVERALL COST?

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FEA identifies true wall behaviorMore accurate analysisMore accurate design

Reinforcement where you need it, less where you don’t need it

Save design timeMake better use of materials, saves owner material

costs whenMore economical design

..

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What does integration in our industry look like?

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• understand your software tools• use the right tools

• based on program “capabilities”• and more importantly “limitations”

• don’t let your current programs define your design

Conclusions

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[email protected]@[email protected]@forseconsulting.com

the end

questions?

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masonry software review v4 - avant-garde engineering · (csc-tedds) during a webinar “… we know...

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