Presented by: Ankesh Gorkhali

Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

Self-Actualization Theory

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Self-Actualization

Esteem

Love

Safety

Physiological

SelfActualization

Hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs

Security and protection from physical and emotional harm

Affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship

Self-respect, autonomy, achievement; external esteem factors such as status, recognition, and attention

The drive to become what one is capable of becoming; includes growth, achieving one’s potential, and self-fulfillment

Mas

low

’s Hi

erar

chy

of N

eeds

The

ory

Needs were categorized as five levels of lower- to higher-order needs• Individuals must satisfy lower-order needs before they can satisfy higher

order needs.• Satisfied needs will no longer motivate.• Motivating a person depends on knowing at what level that person is on

the hierarchy.

Hierarchy of needs

• Lower-order (external): physiological, safety• Higher-order (internal): social, esteem, self-actualization

Limitation of Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Over-simplified – based on Human

Needs only.

Lack of direct cause and effect relationship

between need and behavior

Needs of all employees are not uniform.

Employees are satisfied with

physiological needs and security only.

The pattern of hierarchy of needs

many not be applicable uniformly.

It does not hold good in the present age as

each person has plenty of needs to be satisfied

The theory is widely accepted but there is

little empirical evidence to support.

Largely tentative and untested.

Thank you