mark anthony v. bercando.pdf
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M VHZII"GMWI WVYF_ FIWO@E CE VHI WIKN"GCEGITV CN EOEI_IMZ"CKF GHOKFZIE POVH WITMZMVIF TMZIEVW
M Vhisos
Trisietif tcthi Nmgukty cn @rmfumti Wghcck cn IfugmtoceYeovirsoty cn Tirpitumk Hikp Wystib FMKVM
Kms Toms Goty
Oe Tmrtomk Nuknokbietcn thi Ziquoribiets ncr thi Fi`rii
Bmstir cn Mrts oe IfugmtoceBmlcr oe @uofmegi mef Gcuesikoe`
BMZA MEVHCE_ ^% JIZGMEFC
Bmy :4==
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MTTZC^MK WHIIV
Vhos thisos ietotkif M VHZII"GMWI WVYF_ FIWO@E CE VHIWIKN"GCEGITV CN EOEI _IMZ"CKF GHOKFZIE POVH WITMZMVIFTMZIEVW pripmrif mef sujbottif jy BMZA MEVHCE_ ^%JIZGMEFC oe pmrtomk nuknokbiet cn thi riquoribiets ncr thi fi`rii cnBmstir cn Mrts oe Ifugmtoce bmlcr oe @uofmegi mef Gcuesikoe` hms jiieixmboeif mef rigcbbiefif ncr mggiptmegi mef mpprcvmk ncr crmkixmboemtoce%
JLYKMH ]% WOK^M+ Z@G+ ThF%Mfvosir
CZMK IXMBOEMVOCE GCBBOVVII
Mpprcvif jy thi Gcbbottii ce Crmk Ixmboemtoce woth m `rmfi cnSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS%
BIZOGOM K% JCKO^MZ+ IfF NKCZIEGOM G% BMZNOK+ ThFBibjir Bibjir
TMYKOVC ^% HOKMZOC+ ThFGhmorbme
Mggiptif mef mpprcvif oe pmrtomk nuknokbiet cn thi riquoribiets ncr
thi Fi`rii Bmstir cn Mrts oe Ifugmtoce bmlcr oe @uofmegi mefGcuesikoe`%
OZOEIC N% BMZVOEI\ Lr%+ KKJ+ BJM+ ThF%Fime+ @rmfumti Wghcck cn Ifugmtoce
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MGAECPKIF@IBIEV
Vhos iefimvcur wcukf ect ji pcssojki wothcut thi so`eonogmet
picpki whc+ oe cei wmy cr mecthir gcetrojutif tc thi gcbpkitoce cn thos
stufy%
Hi wcukf koai tc ixpriss hos `rmtotufi tc Fr% Gkicni G% Tmkmg whc
pmtoietky bietcrif mef `uofif thi risimrghir oe gcboe` up woth thos
stufy% Hir ixpirtosi oe thi noikfs cn thi hikpoe` prcnissoce mef risimrgh
mkce` woth hir iegcurm`ibiet tc thi risimrghir bcst ispigomkky furoe`
thi tryoe` tobis+ mri rimkky oefospiesmjki%
Hi mksc wcukf koai tc thmea Fr% Jlukmh ]% Wokvm ncr tmaoe` tobi tc
gcetoeui whmt Fr% Tmkmg kint whogh kif tc thi mggcbpkoshbiet cn thos
stufy%
Vc thi gcestmet uefirstmefoe` mef suppcrt cn Fr% Eoivis B%
Bifoem+ ncrbir @rmfumti Wghcck Fime+ whc rimkky sirvif ms m scurgi cn
bctovmtoce oe pursuoe` thos stufy% Hir bcthirky mef bcfist wcrfs cn
wosfcb rimkky bcvif thi risimrghir tc uefir`c mkk thi prcgissis+
fispoti hos cwe pirscemk oegcevieoiegi%
Vc thi ghmegi `ovie tc hob jy Fr% Nkcriegom G% Bmrnok+ gurriet
Fime cn thi @rmfumti Wghcck mef m bibjir cn hos pmeik+ hir ribmras
mef gcbbiets `uofif thi risimrghir tc obprcvi bcri mef sii thi cthir
pirspigtovi cn thi stufy%
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Vc thi ghmorbme cn thi pmeik+ Fr% Tmukotc Hokmroc+ ncr gcestrugtovi
ribmras mef su``istoces ncr thi jittirbiet cn thos stufy mef forigtif
thi risimrghir tc thi prcpir fmtm bmem`ibiet%
Vc Fr% Kyfom Jircegm+ whc `mvi m kct cn oeputs whogh gcetrojutif
tc thi ncrbukmtoce cn thos risimrgh stufy%
Vc Fr% Birogom Jckvmr+ ncr sirvoe` ms cei cn thi pmeikkosts+ hir
wcrfs cn iegcurm`ibiet mef wosfcb jccstif thi bcrmk cn thi
risimrghir tc pursui thi stufy mt mkk gcsts%
Vhi risimrghir rimkky vmkuif Fi Km Wmkki Wmetom`c \cjik Wghcck
Trisofiet Jr% Fieeos Bm`jmeum NWG+ ncr bctovmtoe` thi nmgukty tc pursui
nurthir stufois mkce` woth hos oegissmet kcvi mef suppcrt tc thi
risimrghir%
Vc mkk thi hikp cnFKW\s ncrbir Kimreoe` Ziscurgi Gietir himf
Gmrck Jmkkistircs mef ots gurriet himf+ Hiribom Gmpmrms+ whc fof ect
`it torif cn bmaoe` rinirrmks ncr thi risimrghir tc `c tc fonniriet kojrmrois
mef scurgis cn oencrbmtoce%
Vc thi mssostmegi ixtiefif tc hob jy FKW\s @rmfi Wghcck
Troegopmk Brs Zujy T% Zmbcs mef thi Wtufiet Wuppcrt mef Oencrbmtoce
Wirvogis Forigtcr Brs% Vicfcrm Zoik furoe` thi gcefugt cn thi gmsi
stufois%
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Vc thi ivir vojrmet mef mggcbbcfmtoe` jrmoe cn Bmrogik Okm`"
Zmbcs whc pmtoietky mef aiieky `mvi gcestrugtovi mef votmk gcetrojutoce
rckkif woth hir wotty jut himrtieoe` mpprcmgh furoe` thi fmtm
bmem`ibiet mef memkysos%
Vc thi gcbpmssocemti mef bietcr"koai+ Bs% Wcgcrrc Foistm whc+
whcki"himrtifky fivctif tobi tc rivoiw mef memkyzif thi fmtm cn thos
stufy fispoti shcrt ectogi fui tc uencrisiie gorgubstmegis%
Vc thi sbmkk gkivir wcbme jut woth m jo` himrt Me`ikm @rmgoikki
Mustrom whc fof ect nmok tc `ovi hir vmkumjki oeso`hts mef su``istoces
iquoppif woth hir gcbog mef nroiefky ribmras whogh rimkky hikpif thi
risimrghir tc rimkozi thi issietomk thibis oe thos stufy%
Vhos wcet ji gcbpkiti wothcut thi nmboky mef nroiefs whc sirvif
ms hos scurgi cn strie`ths mef bctovmtoces tc gcetoeui fispoti thi
hmrfshops hi wms `coe` thrcu`h% Vhus+ thi risimrghir wcukf koai tc
ixpriss hos fiipist `rmtotufi tc thi nckkcwoe`
Wgcpi mef Fikobotmtoces =0
Wo`eonogmegi cn thi Wtufy =8
Finoeotoce cn Virbs =?
Zivoiw cn Zikmtif Kotirmturi mef Wtufois :=
: BIVHCFCKC@_
Zisimrgh Fiso`e 99
Tcpukmtoce mef Wmbpkoe` 9>
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Zisimrgh Oestrubietmtoce 9>
Fmtm @mthiroe` Trcgifuris 90
Fmtm Memkysos 9?
7 TZIWIEVMVOCE+ MEMK_WOW MEF OEVIZTZIVMVOCE
CN FMVM >7
6 WYBBMZ_+ GCEGKYWOCEW MEF
ZIGCBBIEFMVOCEW
Wubbmry =4>
Gcegkusoces =4?
Zigcbbiefmtoces ==4
ZINIZZIEGIW ==:
MTTIEFOGIW ==?
M Kittir tc thi Troegopmk ==?
J Kittir tc thi Forigtcr ncr Wtufiet Wuppcrt mef WirvogisOencrbmtoce =:4
G Kittir tc thi Wujligts Tmriets =:=
F @uofi ]uistoces ce Tmriets Wipmrmtoce =:7
I @uofi ]uistoces Wujligts Wikn"Gcegipt =:9
N @uofi ]uistoces ncr Tmriet#s cn thi Wujligts =:0
@ Wikn"gcegipt Fivikcpbiet Trc`rmb ncr Thokop =:8
H Wikn"gcegipt Fivikcpbiet Trc`rmb ncr Tmbikm =77
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O Wikn"gcegipt Fivikcpbiet Trc`rmb ncr TL =78
L Wikn"gcegipt Iehmegibiet Trc`rmb ncr ghokfrie =6:woth Wipmrmtif Tmriets Ivmkumtoce Ncrb
GYZZOGYKYB ^OVMI =67
KOWV CN VMJKIW
VMJKI TM@I
= Fibc`rmphog Fmtm cn Wujligts 84
: Nmboky Jmga`rcuef cn thi Wujligts 8=
7 Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs Wcgomk 86
6 Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs
Mgmfibogs
88
9 Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs Wikn ?:
> Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs Thysogmk
Mttrojutis
?9
0 Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs Nmboky ?0
8 Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs Tmriets
Wipmrmtoce
=44
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Ghmptir =
VHI TZCJKIB MEF OVW JMGA@ZCYEF
Oetrcfugtoce
Vhi oegrimsoe` gmsis cn ghokfrie woth
sipmrmtif pmriets siib tc ji uestcppmjki% Oe thi
Thokoppoeis+ ki`mk sipmrmtoce pirbots bmrroif gcupkis
tc kovi sipmrmtiky jut ect tc ribmrry ms thiy mri stokk
gcesofirif bmrroif jy kmw (Bifoem+ =??=ms gotif oe
_u :44>/% Jmsif ce rigcrfs cn thi Thokoppoei
Emtocemk Wtmtostogs Cnnogi oe :44:+ 998+ 4:7 gcupkis
hmvi sipmrmtif oe thi yimr :444% Vhcu`h ot os ceky
:%=6) cn thi tctmk eubjir cn bmrrom`is oe thi
gcuetry+ ot riprisietif m 4%?0) hoai nrcb thi =??9
Giesus fcei jy thi Gmthckog Joshcp Gceniriegi cn
thi Thokoppoeis Zisimrgh Cnnogi (:444/ ms bietoceif
oe _u :44>% Vhi GJGT Zisimrgh Cnnogi gkmobif
thmt thi stmtostogs wms ect thmt gcegkusovi soegi ki`mk
sipmrmtoce os stokk gcesofirif scgomkky fos`rmginuk+
thmts why scbi pmriets ghcsi tc hmvi me oencrbmk
sit"up jy whogh ec gcurt himroe`s mri oevckvif jut
ceky twc pmrtois butumk m`riibiet%
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Yencrtuemtiky+ thi ghokf jigcbis thi tmr`it oe
thi jmttki`rcuef furoe` thi gcenkogt cn thior pmriets%
Imgh pmriet ji`ruf`is thi ghokfs rikmtoceshop tc thi
cthir% Ivie thcu`h m pmriet bmy hckf hos#hir tce`ui+
thi mttotufi stokk ixufis% Vhi ghokf kovis woth fostmoe%
Ghokfrie mri `ieirmkky ect ckf iecu`h tc uefirstmef
hcw tc gcpi woth pmriets sipmrmtoce+ whogh gme kimf
tc jcth bietmk me`uosh mef ibctocemk prcjkibs sugh
ms thi ghokf mgtoe` up oe ritmkomtoce tc thi eiw
sotumtoce% Ghokfrie bmy jigcbi m``rissovi cr fostmet
tc cthir ghokfrie mef mfukts% Vhiy bmy niik
ibjmrrmssif mt thi sotumtoce mef niik ms thcu`h mkk
cthir ghokfrie mri fonniriet nrcb thib mef thmt thiy
mri thi ceky ceis ixpiroiegoe` thos% Vhiy bmy niik
me`ry tcwmrfs iothir pmriet+ cr niik ms thcu`h
shcwoe` mnnigtoce tc cei pmriet wothcut thi cthir os
me mgt cn mkbcst jitrmymk% Vhiy bmy niik m siesi cn
fovofif kcymkty tc iothir cr jcth cn thior pmriets
(Mbmtc+ :44:/%
Vhi nmboky tmais m votmk rcki oe shmpoe` ceis
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sikn"gcegipt% Frmstog ghme`i oe thi nmboky hms m jo`
obpmgt ce thi ghokf% Mggcrfoe` tc Zc`irs+ (Tisgotikko+
=??> ms gotif oe Foghi it% mk+ :44=/+ whie so`eonogmet
cthirs oe thi pirsces wcrkf (usumkky pmriets cr nmboky
bibjirs/ prcvofi pcsotovi ri`mrf thmt os gcefotocemk+
rmthir thme uegcefotocemk+ thi pirsce oetrcligts thi
fisorif vmkuis+ bmaoe` thib hos#hir cwe+ mef
mgquoris *gcefotoces cn wcrth*% Vhi sikn"gcegipt thie
jigcbis jmsif ce thisi stmefmrfs cn vmkui rmthir
thme ce cr`meosbog ivmkumtoce% Vhisi gcefotoces cn
wcrth fosturj thi *cr`meosbog vmkuoe` prcgiss*+ whogh
os m nkuof+ ce`coe` prcgiss whirijy ixpiroiegis mri
mggurmtiky sybjckozif mef vmkuif mggcrfoe` tc
cptobmk iehmegibiet cn thi cr`meosb mef sikn% Vhi
eiif ncr pcsotovi sikn"ri`mrf kimfs tc m sikigtovi
pirgiptoce cn ixpiroiegi oe tirbs cn thi gcefotoces cn
wcrth thmt ecw ixost% Vhcsi ixpiroiegis oe
mggcrfmegi woth thisi gcefotoces mri pirgiovif mef
sybjckozif mggurmtiky oe mwmrieiss+ whoki thcsi thmt
mri ect mri fostcrtif cr fieoif oetc mwmrieiss% Vhos
kimfs tc me oegce`ruiegi* jitwiie thi sikn ms
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pirgiovif mef thi mgtumk ixpiroiegi cn thi cr`meosb+
risuktoe` oe pcssojki gcenusoce+ tiesoce+ mef
bmkmfmptovi jihmvocur% Wugh istrme`ibiet os thi
gcbbce hubme gcefotoce% Ixpiroiegis gme ji
pirgiovif ms thrimtieoe` wothcut gcesgocus
mwmrieiss vom *sujgiptoce*+ m ncrb cn fosgroboemtoce
wothcut mwmrieiss thmt gme risukt tc mexoity%
Tirscemk ixpiroiegi ms m prcfugt cn sipmrmtif
pmriets
Vhcsi bietoceif gorgubstmegis ce pmriets
sipmrmtoce mri mksc bmeonistif oe by gmsi ms m
prcfugt cn m jrcaie nmboky% Mt thi m`i cn novi+ O
mkrimfy gcesofirif bysikn ms m kcsir jigmusi thmt
wms by m`i whie by pmriets pmrtif wmys+ kcsir oe
sugh m wmy thmt O kcst m gcbpkiti hcbi+ jitwiie by
bcthir mef nmthir+ bi mef by sostir wiri thi bcst
mnnigtif ceis% O nikt thi pmoe mef hikpkisseiss whie
thiy sipmrmtif% Ot wms rimkky m `roivoe` prcgiss+
whogh ie`iefirif by niikoe`s cn fosjikoin+ me`ir+
smfeiss+ mef fiprissoce% O ixpiroiegif m eubjir cn
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kcssis+ oegkufoe` thi kcss cn obpcrtmet rikmtoceshops
woth nmboky bibjirs mef nroiefs+ ghme`is oe
ievorcebiet+ kcss cn trmfotoces istmjkoshif jy thi
oetmgt nmboky+ mef kcss cn whmt thi ghokfrie
thibsikvis wiri koai jincri thi jrimaup cn thi
nmboky%
Pi wiri lust m sobpki nmboky thie% By nmthir
wms m pujkog utokoty liip frovir whoki by bcthir usif
tc ji m pkmoe hcusiwoni% O hmvi m sostir ckfir thme bi
jy twc yimrs+ mef cur nmboky wms rimkky gcpoe` wikk oe
tirbs cn igcecbog gcefotoce% Jut thiri os ec rimkky
pirnigt nmboky oe thos wcrkf% Ncr scbi+ thiy bmy ji
noemegomkky wikk"cnn jut pccr oe tirbs cn hmefkoe`
nmboky rikmtoceshop% Oe cur gmsi+ by nmthir wms rimkky
hmvoe` m hmrf tobi gcetrckkoe` hos ibctoce bcst
ispigomkky whie hi wms fruea% Hi usumkky ixprissif
hos me`ir mef hmtrif tc thi thoe`s hi smw mt thi
ixpiesi cn m trmubmtog ixpiroiegi wi nmgif thrcu`h
hob% Hi hmrshky fistrcyif bcst cn thi thoe`s oe cur
hcbi iothir mppkomegis cr sobpki stunn usoe` hos jo`
nosts mkce` woth m sgmefmkcus vcogi fcboemtoe` cur
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siesis whogh wms ivie ixtiefif tc thi gcbbueoty%
Vhos sgiemroc tcca pkmgi cntietobis whogh put cur
nmboky oe thi kobiko`ht cn shmbi mef ibjmrrmssbiet
oe thi gcbbueoty% Vhus+ O rimkky gcukfet jkmbi by
bcthir whie shi figofif tc kimvi by nmthir mef
jrcu`ht bi mef by sostir tc thi prcvoegi% Vhos
bmraif thi frmstog ghme`is oe by nmboky mef oe us
ghokfrie mt kmr`i%
O ribibjir whie wi wiri `coe` tc thi jus
tirboemk+ O stmrtif jcbjmrfoe` by bcthir woth kcts cn
quistoces ri`mrfoe` by nmthir% ]uistoces koai Mec
em otmtmwm` ac amy Tmpm3 (Hcw wokk O gmkk by nmthir
ecw3/+ mef Mece` bme`ymymro amy Tmpm bmbmym3
(Phmt wokk hmppie tc by nmthir kmtir3/% O rigiovif ec
rispcesis nrcb by bcthir mef ivietumkky msaif bi
tc stcp tmkaoe` mef lust nckkcw hir% Woegi thmt eo`ht+ O
hmvi ect siie by nmthir uetok O rimghif ncurth yimr
ho`h sghcck mt thi m`i cn =>% Nrcb novi yimrs ckf up
tc soxtiie yimrs cn m`i+ O wms fimkoe` woth thi
mjsiegi cn by nmthir% Vhcu`h O rimkky uefirstmef
why thiy hmvi tc pmrt wmys+ O gcukf ect mvcof thi
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tobis whie O wms msaoe` @cf why fc O hmvi tc fimk
woth by fonnogukt koni tc thi ixtiet cn jkmboe` hob ncr
ivirythoe` thmt hmf hmppieif%
Ms m ghokf+ O wms noefoe` m bossoe` poigi cn by
koni jincri+ thcu`h O wms surrcuefif jy m kct cn
rikmtovis mef nroiefs cn by bcthir+ whc wiri
ixprissoe` thior gcegires mef gmri ncr us+ O wms stokk
kce`oe` ncr m pmtiremk no`uri whc gcukf `uofi mef tmka
tc bi ce by gcegires ivie thcu`h jcth cn by
pmriets hmvi thior cwe pmrteirs% Woegi O wms kovoe`
woth by bcthir tc`ithir woth hir cwe nmboky+ thiri
wiri tobis whie O nikt mkcei mef osckmtif% Limkcusy
mef hmtrif fivikcpif tcwmrfs by stipnmthir% O
jkmbif hob ncr jioe` m jmrroir ncr thi rigcegokomtoce
cn by pmriets% O wms thoeaoe` on hi fof ect gcbi tc
cur kovis+ ot wcukf ji imsoir ncr us tc hmvi m gcbpkiti
nmboky m`moe%
Phie by pmriets sipmrmtif+ by bcb hmf tc
kimre tc imre ncr cur kovoe`% Whi hmf tc sikk sim nccfs
oe thi bmrait ncr us% Vhus+ wi hmf tc kimre hcw tc
gcca+ wmsh thi foshis+ kmuefry mef thi koais jigmusi
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ec cei wcukf fc thmt ncr us% By bmturoty wms
jigcboe` nmstir jut by sikn"istiib wms jigcboe`
pccrir ms O ixpiroiegif thi oesunnogoiegy cn by nmboky
oe tirbs cn noemegomk+ ibctocemk+ physogmk mef sporotumk
mspigts cn koni%
Furoe` by ghokfhccf yimrs+ O wms quoti
mshmbif tc nmgi `rcups cn picpki ce thi rcmf+ bcst
ispigomkky on thiy wiri mfukts+ mef gcukfet ivie tmka
tc thib prcpirky% O wms hmvoe` m hmrf tobi tc ixpriss
bysikn tc thib jigmusi O nikt m kct cn oesigurotois+ kmga
cn gcenofiegi mef thi thrimt cn mey pcssojki
ibjmrrmssbiet% O hmf m pccr sikn"gcegipt thmt tobi% O
mkwmys thcu`ht thmt cthirs wiri jittir thme O mb mef
whmt O gcukf ceky fc os tc suppcrt thib%
Msofi nrcb by cwe ixpiroiegi+ thi eubjir
cn pmriets sipmrmtoce oe by gurriet wcrapkmgi `ct
by mttietoce soegi cut cn =88: stufiets+ =6: cn thib
cr 0%99 pirgiet mri prcfugts cn jrcaie hcbis% Vhos
ceky ietmoks thmt ivie oe m gmthckog sghcck koai Fi Km
Wmkki Wmetom`c \cjik Wghcck1 thiri mri stufiets whc
bmy ji mnnigtif jy thos phiecbiece oe thi nmboky
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systib% Vhiy bmy ji wikk"cnn oe tirbs cn igcecbog
stmtus ms mkbcst mkk cn thi stufiets jikce` tc gkmss M
cr J jut thiy mri mksc ghokfrie whc bmy ji stokk
kccaoe` ncr m gcbpkiti mef kcvoe` nmboky%
Vhus+ thi oegofiets cn pmriets sipmrmtoce
ecwmfmys mef thi virmgoty cn by ixpiroiegis ms m
prcfugt cn sipmrmtif pmriets wiri thi rimsces whogh
iegcurm`if bi sc bugh tc stufy thi gmsis cn
ghokfrie woth sipmrmtif pmriets pmrtogukmrky thior sikn"
gcegipt% Fibc`rmphog fmtm sugh ms m`i+ `iefir+
`rmfi kivik+ riko`oce mef crfoemk pcsotoce cn thi
sujligts wiri fosgussif mkce` woth thior nmboky
jmga`rcuef whogh oegkufis thior m`i furoe` thi
pmriets sipmrmtoce+ gmusi#s cn pmriets sipmrmtoce+
gurriet situp cn sujligts pmriets+ igcecbog stmtus cn
sujligts pmriets1 mef thi gurriet pirsce#s kovoe` woth
thib mt hcbi%
Nurthirbcri+ thi pirgiovif sikn"gcegipt cn
thi sujligts+ jihmvocurmk bmeonistmtoces jmsif ce
thi thibis mef suj"thibis ncrbukmtif nrcb thi
pmrtogopmets wiri so`eonogmet gcegires cn thos stufy%
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Bcricvir+ thos stufy kccaif oetc ots obpkogmtoces oe thi
noikf cn thi hikpoe` prcnissoce+ ms wikk ms+ tc prcpcsi
me oetirvietoce prc`rmb jmsif ce thi thibis mef
suj"thibis ncrbukmtif nrcb thi stufy%
Vhicritogmk#Gcegiptumk Nrmbiwcra
Tmriets sipmrmtoce hms jiie m pirieeomk
prcjkib oe scgoity% Gcupkis ecwmfmys tief tc tmai
thi imsy wmy cut% Oestimf cn tryoe` tc risckvi thior
gcenkogts+ scbi gcupkis lust cpt ncr sipmrmtoce (ji ot
ki`mkozif cr ect/ cr meeukbiet% Bmrrom`i gcuesikcrs+
nmboky thirmposts+ mef psyghomtrosts gme koaiwosi
vmkofmti thi oegrimsoe` eubjirs cn bmrotmk
sipmrmtoce% Gcesiquietky+ thos mnnigts thi
psyghckc`ogmk bmai"up (o%i%+ thi gc`eotoce+ mnnigt+ mef
jihmvocr/ cn thior ghokfrie%
Zc`irs (Wmuk Bgkicf+ :440/ finoeif sikn ms
*thi cr`meozif+ gcesostiet sit cn pirgiptoces mef
jikoins mjcut ceisikn*% Vhi sikn os thi hubmeostog
tirb ncr whc wi rimkky mri ms m pirsce% Vhi sikn os
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cur oeeir pirscemkoty+ mef gme ji koaieif tc thi scuk%
Ot os oenkuiegif jy thi ixpiroiegis m pirsce hms oe
hos koni+ mef cut cn oetirpritmtoces cn thcsi
ixpiroiegis% Vwc probmry scurgis thmt oenkuiegi cur
sikn"gcegipt mri ghokfhccf ixpiroiegis mef
ivmkumtoce jy cthirs%
Mggcrfoe` tc Zc`irs ms gotif oe Bgkicf :440+
picpki wmet tc niik+ ixpiroiegi mef jihmvi oe wmys
whogh mri gcesostiet woth cur sikn"obm`i mef whogh
rinkigt whmt wi wcukf koai tc ji koai+ cur ofimk"sikn%
Vhi gkcsir cur sikn"obm`i mef ofimk"sikn mri tc imgh
cthir+ thi bcri gcesostiet cr gce`ruiet wi mri mef
thi ho`hir cur siesi cn sikn"wcrth% M pirsce os smof tc
ji oe m stmti cn oegce`ruiegi on scbi cn thi tctmkoty cn
thior ixpiroiegi os uemggiptmjki tc thib mef os
fieoif cr fostcrtif oe thi sikn"obm`i%
Vhi hubmeostog mpprcmgh stmtis thmt thi sikn os
gcbpcsif cn gcegipts ueoqui tc cursikvis% Vhi sikn"
gcegipt oegkufis thrii gcbpceiets sugh ms sikn"
wcrth+ sikn"obm`i mef ofimk sikn%
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Wikn"wcrth (cr sikn"istiib/ pirtmoes tc whmt
picpki thoea mjcut thibsikvis% Zc`irs jikoivif
niikoe`s cn sikn"wcrth fivikcp oe imrky ghokfhccf mef
mri ncrbif nrcb thi oetirmgtoce cn thi ghokf woth thi
bcthir mef nmthir%
Wikn"obm`i rinirs ce hcw picpki sii
thibsikvis+ whogh os obpcrtmet tc `ccf psyghckc`ogmk
himkth% Wikn"obm`i oegkufis thi oenkuiegi cn cur jcfy
obm`i ce oeeir pirscemkoty% Mt m sobpki kivik+ wi
bo`ht pirgiovi cursikvis ms m `ccf cr jmf pirsce+
jimutonuk cr u`ky% Wikn"obm`i hms me innigt ce hcw m
pirsce thoeas niiks mef jihmvis oe thi wcrkf%
Ofimk sikn stmtis thi pirsce whc me oefovofumk
wcukf koai tc ji% Ot gcesosts cn hos `cmks mef
mbjotoces oe koni+ mef os fyembog o%i% ncrivir
ghme`oe`% Vhi ofimk sikn oe ghokfhccf os ect thi ofimk
sikn oe thior tiies cr kmti twietois+ itg%
Gmrk Zc`irs ms gotif oe Bgkicf :440+ voiwif
thi ghokf ms hmvoe` twc jmsog eiifs< pcsotovi ri`mrf
nrcb cthir picpki mef sikn"wcrth%
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Hcw picpki thoea mjcut thibsikvis+ thior
niikoe`s cn sikn"wcrth mri cn nuefmbietmk obpcrtmegi
jcth tc psyghckc`ogmk himkth mef tc thi koaikohccf thmt
thiy gme mghoivi `cmks mef mbjotoces oe koni mef
mghoivi sikn"mgtumkozmtoce%
Wikn"wcrth bmy ji siie ms m gcetoeuub nrcb
viry ho`h tc viry kcw% Ncr Gmrk Zc`irs ms Bgkicf+
:440 bietocbif+ m pirsce+ whc hms ho`h sikn"wcrth+
thmt os+ hms gcenofiegi mef pcsotovi niikoe`s mjcut
hob cr hirsikn+ nmgis ghmkkie`is oe koni+ mggipts
nmokuri mef uehmppoeiss mt tobis+ mef os cpie woth
picpki%
M pirsce woth kcw sikn"wcrth bmy mvcof
ghmkkie`is oe koni+ ect mggipt thmt koni gme ji pmoenuk
mef uehmppy mt tobis+ mef wokk ji finiesovi mef
`umrfif woth cthir picpki%
Zc`irs jikoivif thmt niikoe`s cn sikn"wcrth
fivikcp oe imrky ghokfhccf mef mri ncrbif nrcb thi
oetirmgtoce cn thi ghokf woth thi bcthir mef nmthir% Ms
m ghokf `rcws ckfir+ oetirmgtoces woth so`eonogmet
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cthirs mnnigt niikoe`s cn sikn"wcrth%
Zc`irs jikoivif thmt picpki eiif tc ji
ri`mrfif pcsotoviky jy cthirs1 thiy eiif tc niik
vmkuif+ rispigtif+ trimtif woth mnnigtoce mef kcvif%
Tcsotovi ri`mrf hms tc fc woth hcw cthir picpki
ivmkumti mef luf`i thib oe scgomk oetirmgtoce% Zc`irs
bmfi m fostoegtoce jitwiie uegcefotocemk pcsotovi
ri`mrf mef gcefotocemk pcsotovi ri`mrf%
Yegcefotocemk pcsotovi ri`mrf os whiri
pmriets+ so`eonogmet cthirs (mef thi hubmeost
thirmpost/ mggipt mef kcvi thi pirsce ncr whmt hi cr
shi os% Tcsotovi ri`mrf os ect wothfrmwe on thi pirsce
fcis scbithoe` wrce` cr bmais m bostmai% Vhi
gcesiquiegis cn uegcefotocemk pcsotovi ri`mrf mri
thmt thi pirsce niiks nrii tc try thoe`s cut mef bmai
bostmais+ ivie thcu`h thos bmy kimf tc `ittoe` ot
wcrsi mt tobis% Ticpki whc mri mjki tc sikn"mgtumkozi
mri bcri koaiky tc hmvi rigiovif uegcefotocemk
pcsotovi ri`mrf nrcb cthirs+ ispigomkky thior pmriets
oe ghokfhccf%
Gcefotocemk pcsotovi ri`mrf os whiri pcsotovi
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ri`mrf+ prmosi mef mpprcvmk+ fipief upce thi ghokf+
ncr ixmbpki+ jihmvoe` oe wmys thmt thi pmriets thoea
gcrrigt% Hiegi thi ghokf os ect kcvif ncr thi pirsce
hi cr shi os+ jut ce gcefotoce thmt hi cr shi jihmvis
ceky oe wmys mpprcvif jy thi pmriet(s/% Mt thi
ixtribi+ m pirsce whc gcestmetky siias mpprcvmk
nrcb cthir picpki os koaiky ceky tc hmvi ixpiroiegif
gcefotocemk pcsotovi ri`mrf ms m ghokf%
M pirsces ofimk sikn bmy ect ji gcesostiet
woth whmt mgtumkky hmppies oe koni mef ixpiroiegis cn
thi pirsce% Hiegi+ m fonniriegi bmy ixost jitwiie m
pirsces ofimk sikn mef mgtumk ixpiroiegi% Vhos os
gmkkif oegce`ruiegi%
Phiri m pirsces ofimk sikn mef mgtumk
ixpiroiegi mri gcesostiet cr viry sobokmr+ m stmti cn
gce`ruiegi ixosts% Zmriky+ on ivir+ fcis m tctmk stmti
cn gce`ruiegi ixost1 mkk picpki ixpiroiegi m girtmoe
mbcuet cn oegce`ruiegi%
Vhi fivikcpbiet cn gce`ruiegi os fipiefiet
ce uegcefotocemk pcsotovi ri`mrf% Gmrk Zc`irs
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jikoivif thmt ncr m pirsce tc mghoivi sikn"
mgtumkosmtoce thiy bust ji oe m stmti cn gce`ruiegi%
Mggcrfoe` tc Zc`irs+ picpki wmet tc niik+
ixpiroiegi mef jihmvi oe wmys whogh mri gcesostiet
woth thior sikn"obm`i mef whogh rinkigt whmt thiy
wcukf koai tc ji koai+ thior ofimk"sikn%
Vhi gkcsir thior sikn"obm`i mef ofimk"sikn mri
tc imgh cthir+ thi bcri gcesostiet cr gce`ruiet thiy
mri mef thi ho`hir thior siesi cn sikn"wcrth% M pirsce
os smof tc ji oe m stmti cn oegce`ruiegi on scbi cn thi
tctmkoty cn hos ixpiroiegi os uemggiptmjki tc hob mef
os fieoif cr fostcrtif oe thi sikn"obm`i% Oegce`ruiegi
os *m fosgripmegy jitwiie thi mgtumk ixpiroiegi cn
thi cr`meosb mef thi sikn"pogturi cn thi oefovofumk
oescnmr ms ot riprisiets thmt ixpiroiegi%*
Gcegiptumk Tmrmfo`b
Vhos stufy os ncgusif ce thi thrii gmsis cn
ghokfrie woth sipmrmtif pmriets% Mntir thi fmtm
`mthiroe` mef fmtm bmem`ibiet memkysos
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prcgifuris+ thi risimrghir mrrovif woth thi
gcegiptumk pmrmfo`b jmsif ce thi thibis mef suj"
thibis ncrbukmtif nrcb thi gmsi stufois%
Vhi ghokfrie woth sipmrmtif pmriets wiri
oetirvoiwif mef cjsirvif% Vhiy wiri msaif
quistoces mjcut thi sipmrmtoce cn thior pmriets mef
quistoces mjcut thibsikvis% Ot wms rivimkif thmt
thior pirgiovif sikn"gcegipt gcukf ji gmti`crozif oetc
novi fcbmoes% Vhiy mri scgomk+ mgmfibogs+ sikn+
physogmk mttrojutis mef nmboky%
Wcgomk rinirs tc thi picpki thiy gcesofirif
pkmybmtis cr nroiefs% Vhisi mri thi picpki whcb
thiy tmka woth mef lcoe oe thior `mbis% Vhos mksc
oevckvis thi wmy thiy rikmti woth thi picpki mrcuef
thib whcb thiy gcesofir ms thior piirs%
Mgmfibogs pirtmoes tc thi sghcck pirncrbmegi
cn rispcefiets mef hcw thiy voiw thibsikvis oe
sghcck% Vhos mksc oevckvis thior pirgiptoces cn thi
picpki oe sghcck koai thior timghirs+ mfboeostrmtcrs
mef cthir sghcck pirsceeik%
Wikn rinirs tc thi rispcefiets pirgiptoces cn
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thibsikvis ce thi fonniriet rckis thiy hmvi sugh ms
jioe` m stufiet+ ghokf cn thior pmriets+ nroief+ sojkoe`+
mef ms me oefovofumk pirsce%
Thysogmk mttrojutis os thi pirgiptoces cn thi
rispcefiets ce thior physogmk mppimrmegi mef thior
smtosnmgtoce ce physoqui%
Nmboky rinirs tc thi pirgiptoces cn thi
rispcefiets ce thi bibjirs cn thior nmbokois sugh
ms pmriets mef sojkoe`s% Vhos mksc oegkufis thior
voiws ce thi sipmrmtoce cn thior pmriets%
Wikn"gcegipt os thi cvirmkk pirgiptoce cn
rispcefiets mjcut thibsikvis jmsif ce thi novi
gmti`crois ncrbukmtif oe thi stufy% Vhi thcu`hts+
niikoe`s mef jihmvocur thmt rispcefiets hmvi
tcwmrfs thibsikvis wiri mksc gcesofirif oe
ofietonyoe` thior sikn"gcegipt% (Wii No`uri =/
Gcegiptumk Tmrmfo`b
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No`uri =Vhi vmromjkis mef thior rikmtoceshops jmsifce thi thibis mef suj"thibis `mthirif oe thi stufy
Wtmtibiet cn thi Trcjkib
Ghokfriewoth
WipmrmtifTmriets
Wikn"Gcegipt
Wcgomk
Mgmfibogs
ThysogmkMttrojutis
Wikn
Nmboky
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Vhos stufy fisgrojif mef memkyzif thi thrii
gmsis cn ghokfrie woth sipmrmtif pmriets ncgusoe` ce
thior sikn"gcegipt% Wpigonogmkky+ ot meswirif thi
nckkcwoe` quistoces% Phmt os thi prcnoki cn thi sujligts oe tirbs
cn gurriet pirsce#s kovoe`
woth thi sujligt mt hcbi3
0% Phmt os thi pirgiovif sikn"gcegipt cn thi
sujligts jmsif ce thi thibis mef suj"
thibis ncrbukmtif3
8% Phmt mri thi jihmvocurmk bmeonistmtoces cn
thi sujligts jmsif ce thi thibis mef suj"
thibis ncrbukmtif nrcb thi stufy3
?% Phmt mri thi obpkogmtoces cn thos stufy oe
thi noikf cn thi hikpoe` prcnissoce3
=4% Phmt oetirvietoce prc`rmb gme ji
prcpcsif jmsif ce thi thibis mef suj"
thibis ncrbukmtif nrcb thi stufy3
Wgcpi mef Fikobotmtoces
Vhos fisgroptovi stufy wms kobotif tc thrii
gmsis cn ghokfrie woth sipmrmtif pmriets whcsi m`is
wiri eoei+ mef wiri oe thi `rmfi thrii kivik ierckkif
oe Fi Km Wmkki Wmetom`c \cjik Wghcck oe Wghcck _imr
:4=4":4==% Vhior pmriets hmvi sipmrmtif (ji ot
ki`mkozif cr ect/ fui tc bmrotmk fosruptoces ncr mt kimst
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m yimr mef thi sujligts wiri mt kimst thrii yimrs ckf
mt thmt tobi%
Vhi sujligts gme spima mef uefirstmef
Nokopoec cr Ie`kosh+ gurrietky risofoe` oe thi
Thokoppoeis+ mef bmy ji kovoe` woth iothir bcthir cr
nmthir%
Vhi sikn"gcegipt cn thi sujligts wms thi bmoe
ncgus cn memkysos jy thi risimrghir whogh wms
gcbpcsif cn thi thibis mef suj"thibis ncrbukmtif
nrcb thi stufy% Vhi risimrghir hmf oetirvoiw
sissoces woth thi sujligts+ ms wikk ms woth thior
bcthirs+ usoe` thi oetirvoiw `uofis (rinir tc
Mppiefox F+ I mef N/% Woegi ot wms lust m sit cn `uofi
quistoces+ thi risimrghir msaif thi quistoces jmsif
ce thi rispcesis cn thi sujligts furoe` thi oetirvoiw+
sc ect mkk thi quistoces wiri msaif% Vhi nmthirs cn
thi sujligts wiri ect oegkufif oe thi oetirvoiw
jigmusi cn thior fostmegi mef oemggissojokoty% Vhi
sujligts meigfctmk rigcrfs oe thi Wghcck Gcuesikoe`
Cnnogi wiri mksc utokozif tc`ithir woth thi
cjsirvmtoces cn thi risimrghir oe thi mgtumk wrotoe` cn
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gmsi stufois%
Wo`eonogmegi cn thi Wtufy
Vhi risukts cn thos stufy wcukf ji jieinogomk tc thi
nckkcwoe` sigtcrs bceths hmvi rimkozif thmt
tmsas hmvi stmefmrfs% Bcricvir+ thiy wmet tc mttmoe
sugh `cmks jy thibsikvis oe me oefipiefiet bmeeir%
Ibctocemk sikn"ivmkumtoce os gcbpcsif cn
ibctoces thmt mri typogmkky usif tc finoei ceis
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mghoivibiet mef gcbpitiegi% Trofi mef shmbi mri
ixmbpkis cn sikn"ivmkumtovi ibctoces thmt mri
gcetoe`iet ce me oefovofumks mpprmosmk cn sikn"wcrth%
Ixpiroiegis cn profi risukt nrcb thi mghoivibiet cn
`cmks mrosoe` nrcb suggiss ce m tmsa% Ce thi cthir
hmef+ ixpiroiegis cn shmbi risukt nrcb physogmk mef
ibctocemk ixprissoces mrosoe` nrcb nmokuri ce m tmsa%
Vhus+ sikn"ivmkumtovi ibctoces stib nrcb
mghoivibiet stmefmrfs+ ghokfries bctovmtoce ncr
cutgcbis+ rioencrgibiet nrcb scgomk niifjmga mef
gcesgocus `cmk"forigtif jihmvocur% Wtopia+ Zigghom
mef Bigkoetog (=??:/ ms gotif jy Koe+ :447 ncuef thmt
ixprissoces cn profi mef shmbi ji`oe tc ji
bmeonistif oe ghokfrie cvir 74 bceths cn m`i+
ispigomkky ce tmsas cn gcbpitotovi emturi%
Wcgomk sikn"ri`ukmtoce mrosis nrcb scgomk
oetirmgtoces mef aecwkif`i cn sikn+ cthirs+ mef
stmefmrfs% Ot hms jiie finoeif ms thi mjokoty tc
gcbpky woth m riquist+ oeotomti mef gimsi mgtovotois
mggcrfoe` tc sotumtocemk fibmefs+ bcfukmti
jihmvocur+ pcstpcei mgtoe` upce me cjligt mef
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`ieirmti scgomkky"mpprcvif jihmvocurs oe thi
mjsiegi cn bceotcrs% Oe imrky ghokfhccf+ thi
fivikcpbiet cn sikn"ri`ukmtoce os ncgusif ce mttmoeoe`
sikn"gcetrck mef oetiremkozoe` ecrbs ncr jihmvocurs
thmt gme ji `ieirmkozif tc eiw sotumtoces% Vhi
trmesotoce tc sikn"ri`ukmtoce ji`oes mt mpprcxobmtiky
7> bceths cn m`i% Ot gcetoeuis tc oegrimsi woth m`i%
Furoe` thi imrky yimrs cn ghokfhccf+ thisi
fcbmoes shcw m`i"rikmtif ghme`is jcth oe rikmtoce
tc imgh cthir mef wothoe m spigonog fcbmoe% Ncr
ixmbpki+ ms gotif oe Koe :447+ thi stufy hmf shcwe
thmt fcbmoes prc`riss siquietomkky woth cei fcbmoe%
Wikn"fisgroptoce ibir`if mntir sikn"rigc`eotoce% Vhiy
mksc ncuef thmt ghme`is cggur wothoe fcbmoes whie
thi jihmvocur oegrimsis oe gcbpkixoty% Bcricvir+
jmsif ce thi pribosi thmt sikn"gcegipt os
buktofobiesocemk+ thi gcbpiesmtcry bcfik wms
ivckvif%
Kmesfcwe mef Pmkair (Eo+ :449/ bietoceif
thmt `rmfumkky thi ghokf ji`oes tc fisgroji hobsikn oe
tirbs cn cthirs% Vhos bimes thmt hi kccas mt hobsikn
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oe gcbpmrosce woth cthirs% Vhos bmy ji
fibcestrmtif oe thi stmtibiet O mb koai hob#hir oe
thi wmy O friss% Ot os mksc ivofiet thmt thi ghokfs
siesi cn sikn os mnnigtif jy hos oetirpritmtoce cn hcw
mef whmt cthir picpki niik mjcut hob%
Oe fosgussoe` thi sikn"gcegipt cn ghokfrie+ cei
gcukf ect fosgmrf thi psyghckc`ogmk fivikcpbiet
whogh ji`oes mt hcbi% Iroa Irogasce bietoceif
thisi ncur psyghcscgomk siesis cn jmsog trust+ siesi
cn jmsog mutcecby+ siesi cn jmsog oeotomtovis mef
siesi cn jmsog oefustry% Vhisi rivimk so`eonogmegi tc
tiefiegois cn hmvoe` bosgcegiptoce woth sikn mef
bmkmfmptovi pmttires cn jihmvocr% Iroasce jikoivis
thmt oe imgh stm`i cn fivikcpbiet+ thi oefovofumk
nmgis m psyghckc`ogmk grosos cn mflustbiet tc hos
ievorcebiet+ thus mnnigtoe` thi sikn"gcegipt
(Grcbwikk+ :444/%
Vhi norst stm`i cn fivikcpbiet oefogmtis thi
obpcrtmegi cn mttietoce `ovie tc thi oenmet whc os
fipiefiet ce cthirs ncr nccf+ gkcthoe` mef mnnigtoce%
Hos pmriets guffki hob+ tmka tc hob+ mef pkmy woth
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hob% Vhisi oetirmgtoces fitirboei thi ghokfs kmtir
mttotufi% On hi os wikk gmrif ncr mef hos eiifs mri bit+
thi ghokf kimres tc trust hos ievorcebiet% On ect+ hi
jigcbis nimrnuk+ hi bostrusts ect ceky thi picpki
mef cjligts oe hos ievorcebiet jut hobsikn+ ms wikk%
Vhos `cis tc shcw thmt `ovie thi wrce` stobuko cr
bissm`i+ hi fivikcps oe thi wrce` bmeeir+ thus+
bmaoe` mflustbiet hmrfir kmtir ce% Vhos os oefiif m
viry obpcrtmet fobiesoce oe thi fivikcpbiet cn sikn"
gcegipt%
Vhi sigcef stm`i fimks woth thi siesi cn
jmsog mutcecby% Oe thi sigcef mef thorf yimrs+ thi
ghokf kimres tc wmka+ tmka+ mef fc thoe`s ncr hobsikn% On
pmriets iegcurm`i thi ghokf tc usi oeotomtovi+ mri
gcesostiet oe fosgopkoei mef mkkcw oefipiefiegi+ thi
ghokf os koaiky tc ji mjki tc gcpi woth sotumtoces
riquoroe` ghcogi+ gcetrck mef mutcecby% Jut on
pmriets mri oegcesostiet oe thior fosgopkoei+ mri cvir
prctigtovi cr shcw fosmpprcvmk whie thi ghokf mgts
oefipiefietky+ thi ghokf jigcbis fcujtnuk mef
mshmbif% Hiegi+ thiri shcukf ji girtmoe mbcuet cn
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sikn"gcegipt sc thmt thi ghokf fcis ect kcsi
gcenofiegi oe hos #hirsikn% Vhi ghokf wokk hmvi siesi
cn hos cwe sikn ceky oescnmr ms hi kimres hos tmsa cn
gcetrckkoe` mef kittoe` `c oe thi prcpir bmeeir mef
wmys cn jihmvocr% Oe rikmtoce tc mflustbiet+ thos stm`i
prisiets thi cppcrtueoty tc fivikcp thi ghokfs
ncuefmtoce cn gcpoe` woth sotumtoces+ thmt os+ mflustoe`
tc hos ievorcebiet%
Vhi thorf stm`i+ siesi cn jmsog oeotomtovi+
shcws thi fivikcpbiet cn thi ghokfs grimtovoty oe
fimkoe` woth thi wcrkf mrcuef hob% Vhos os hos
ncuefmtoce oe gcpoe` woth konis ghmkkie`is% On pmriets
iegcurm`i thisi mgtovotois+ hi wokk noef ot imsoir tc `c
cut ce hos cwe% Jut on pmriets prchojot hos mgtovotois
mef oequosotovieiss+ ot wokk fivikcp niikoe`s cn `uokt
whieivir hi trois tc ji oefipiefiet% Fosmpprcvmk
mef niikoe`s cn `uokt girtmoeky wokk mnnigt thi
fivikcpbiet cn sikn"gcegipt mef mflustbiet
jigmusi cn thi kmga cn mssurmegi mef suppcrt nrcb
so`eonogmet cthirs hos pmriets%
Vhi eixt stm`i+ siesi cn jmsog oefustry+
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prisiets thi stm`i whie thi ghokf kimres tc
bmeopukmti cjligts mef iviets jy hobsikn% On
iegcurm`if+ hi wokk fivikcp m siesi cn oefustry+ wokk
ielcy jioe` gurocus mef wokk niik oetikkigtumk
stobukmtoce% On ect+ hi wokk fivikcp m siesi cn
oenirocroty% M`moe+ thi obpcrtmegi cn suppcrt cr
iegcurm`ibiet nrcb thi pmriets os ibphmsozif ncr
thi fivikcpbiet cn sikn"gcegipt mef mflustbiet%
Vhi prcbctoce cn scgomk mef ibctocemk
fivikcpbiet bimes hikpoe` ghokfrie tc fivikcp m
himkthy pirscemkoty mef siesi cn sikn (Gcca+ Vissoir
. Akioe+ :444/% Poth ibctocemk strie`th mef himkthy
mutcecby+ thi ycue` ghokf ji`oes tc fivikcp
innigtovi scgomk saokks% Wtufois hmvi fibcestrmtif
thmt m ghokfs scgomk gcbpitiegi os m grotogmk
fivikcpbiet mghoivibiet ncr kmtir scgomk suggiss%
Wcgomk gcbpitiegi hms jiie strce`ky msscgomtif
woth suggissnuk sghcck pirncrbmegi+ trmesotoce oetc
sghcck mef wcra sittoe`s+ jittir lcj cppcrtueotois
woth gcrrispcefoe` mfukt suppcrt+ mef obprcvif
cvirmkk oetirmgtoce woth cthirs% Ghokfrie woth `ccf
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scgomk saokks mri jittir mggiptif jy thior piirs+ hmvi
jittir gcpoe` mef mttietoce saokks mef bmai jittir
mflustbiets tc sghcck mef scgomk sotumtoces ms gotif
oe Eo+ :449% Vhisi ghokfrie hmvi ho`h ri`mrf cn
thibsikvis" m pcsotovi sikn"gcegipt whogh bimes thmt
thiy uefirstmef thibsikvis%
Vhi Innigts cn Tmriets Wipmrmtoce ce Ghokfrie
Oetiremtocemk Wtufois% Mbmtc (:444/ gkmobif thmt
pmriets sipmrmtoce hmf m strce` obpmgt ce Mbirogme
ghokfrie furoe` thi norst niw yimrs nckkcwoe` m
sipmrmtoce mef thcsi hmrfist hot jy ot wiri nrcb
nmbokois woth kcw kiviks cn hcstokoty jincri thi jrima"
up% Vhos bmy ji jrcu`ht mjcut jy thi ghokfries
gcegipt cn thi eugkimr nmboky+ whogh os usumkky
gcbpcsif cn m bmrroif gcupki mef thior uebmrroif
ghokfrie kovoe` tc`ithir uefir cei rccn% Bmey
vmromjkis+ sugh ms thi ghokfs m`i mef tibpirmbiet
mef thi pmriets mjokoty tc ncgus ce thior ghokfries
niikoe`s mef eiifs+ tmai votmk rcki tc hcw ghokfrie
wiri mnnigtif jy sipmrmtoce%
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Ghokfrie uefir 7 yimrs ckf bo`ht borrcr thior
gmri`ovirs tcrbiet jy ri`ukmr orrotmjokoty+ `rimtir
gryoe`+ mpprihiesoce+ sipmrmtoce mexoity+ skiip mef
`mstrcoetistoemk prcjkibs+ m``rissoce+ mef
fivikcpbietmk ri`rissoce (Mbmtc+ :444/% Ghokfrie
jitwiie 6 tc 9 yimrs ckf cntie jkmbif thibsikvis+
jigmbi gkoe`oir+ ixhojotif ixtiremkozoe` jihmvocur+
hmf nimrs cn jioe` mjmefceif+ mef thus+ hmf bcri
eo`htbmris mef nmetmsois% Wghcck"m`if aofs tief tc
jigcbi me`ry+ bccfy+ mef m``rissovi% Vhiy
ixpiroiegi riligtoce mef figiptoce jy thi mjsiet
pmriet mef fostrissif mjcut thior fovofif kcymktois% Mt
mkk m`is+ ghokfrie wiri koaiky tc niik `uokty mef
rispcesojki ncr thi sipmrmtoce% Gcesiquietky+ thiy
nikt ot wms thior rispcesojokoty tc ristcri thi bmrrom`i%
Vhiy gcbbceky fospkmyif psyghcscbmtog sybptcbs
ms m rispcesi tc me`ir+ kcss+ `roin+
mef niikoe` uekcvif (Gchie+ Hm`me Lr%+ Gckibme+ .
Ncy+ :44:/%
Himky+ Wtiwmrt+ mef Gcpikmef stufy oe =??7
shcwif thmt cei thorf cn probmry sghcck ghokfrie
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whcsi pmriets hmvi sipmrmtif jkmbif thibsikvis
(Mbmtc+ :444/% Vhos oe ture kif tc fiprissoce+
ixtiremkozoe` prcjkibs+ mef kcwirif niikoe`s cn sikn"
gcbpitiegi% Vhisi aofs fof ect aecw thmt mfuktiry
wms cei cn thi probmry rimsces why thior pmriets
sipmrmtif (Nmrrir . \hce`xoe+ :447/% Oenofikoty cntie
gmusif `rimtir bmrotmk oestmjokoty+ foshceisty+
mr`ubiets mjcut trust+ mef tobi spiet mpmrt (Mtaoes+
_o+ Jmugcb+ . Ghrostiesie+ :449/%
M stufy cn 96 =4 tc =7"yimr"ckf jcys oe
@irbmey (Jchb+ :446/ rivimkif thmt jcys whcsi
pmriets hmvi sipmrmtif hmf oegchiriet spiigh+
fonnoguktois oe gcpoe` woth ibctocemk prcjkibs+ mef fof
ect shcw thior niikoe`s cpieky% Nriuf jikoivif thmt
picpki scbitobis usif riprissoce ms m finiesi
bighmeosb tc rifugi mexoity (Hmkceie . Wmetrcga+
=??>/%
Istmu`h mef Tcwirs stufy ms wikk ms
Notzpmtrogas stufy ms gotif oe Liyeis+ :44= shcwif
thmt pmrietmk fovcrgi oegrimsif thi koaikohccf thmt
ghokfrie wokk ixhojot bcri mexoity%
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Mbmtc (:444/ oefogmtif thmt stufois oe thi
=??4s gcenorbif ghokfrie woth fovcrgif pmriets
sgcrif kcwir thme ghokfrie woth gcetoeucusky bmrroif
pmriets ce bimsuris cn mgmfibog suggiss (Mstcei .
BgKmemhme+=??=1 Vimghbme+ Tmmsgh+ . Gmrvir+
=??>/+ gcefugt (Fchirty . Eiifki+ =??=1 Wobces .
Msscgomtis+ =??>/+ psyghckc`ogmk mflustbiet
(Ncrihmef+ Eio`hjcrs+ Fivoei+ . Mrbostimf+ =??61
Aurfia+ Noei+ . Woegkmor+ =??6/+ sikn"gcegipt (Piea+
Hmrfisty+ Bcr`me+ . Jkmor+ =??6/+ scgomk gcbpitiegi
(Jimty+ =??91 Jrcfzoesay+ Hott+ . Wboth+ =??7/+ mef
kce`"tirb himkth (Vugair it% mk%+ =??0/%
Pmkkirstioes (:446/ kce`"tirb stufy cn thi
obpmgt cn fovcrgi ce ghokfrie soegi =?0= shcwif
skiip fosturjmegis+ gkoeogmk fiprissoce+ pccr
psyghckc`ogmk mflustbiets+ pccr sghcck pirncrbmegi+
mef pccr oetirpirscemk rikmtoces ms jy"prcfugts cn
fovcrgi% Ghokfrie nrcb fovcrgif nmbokois cntie hmf tc
ncrniot thior ghokfhccf mef mfckisgiegi tc tmai ce
rispcesojokotois ncr thi gustcfomk pmriet+ ispigomkky on
thiy gcukf ec kce`ir mnncrf tc hori m bmof% Oe thi
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prcgiss+ thiy hmf kiss tobi tc ielcy thior kovis+ tc
fivikcp gkcsi nroiefshops+ mef tc guktovmti shmrif
oetirists (Pmkkirstioe+ Kiwos+ . Jkmaiskii+ :444/%
Vhiy pkmyif kiss+ lcoeif kiss ixtrm"gurrogukmr
mgtovotois (i%`%+ spcrts cr busog/+ mef wiri kiss
oevckvif oe ieroghbiet prc`rmbs (Pmkkirstioe .
Kiwos+ :446/% Bcricvir+ scbi hmf tc sirvi ms
surrc`mti fmfs cr bcbs tc ycue`ir sojkoe`s (Gmrtir
. Bg@ckfroga+ =???/%
Vhi stufy cn ^ofice (:44:/ mttistif thmt `orks
nrcb fovcrgif nmbokois oe Mbirogm ripcrtif bcri
fiprissovi sybptcbs thme jcys% Vhi rikmtoceshop
thmt `orks hmf woth thior nmthir sujstmetomkky mnnigtif
thior fiprissoce whoki thior rikmtoceshop woth thior
bcthir fof ect ghme`i% Me istrme`if nmthirs obm`i
wms ofimkozif cr fivmkuif jmsif upce nriquiegy cn
gcetmgt woth thi nmthir mkcei+ thi qumkoty cn vosots nrcb
thi `orks pirspigtovis+ thi bcthirs mttotufi tcwmrf
thi nmthir oe hos mjsiegi+ thi nmthirs pirgiovif
mvmokmjokoty+ mef whithir hi suppcrtif hir
ibctocemkky mef bmtiromkky (Nosghir"Bcetmktc+ :449/%
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Ncr jcys+ rmgi mef itheogoty mef pmrietmk ifugmtoce
sirvif ms oenkuietomk nmgtcrs thmt mnnigt fiprissoce+
i%`%+ Hospmeog jcys woth kissir ifugmtif pmriets
ripcrtif bcri fiprissovi sybptcbs mef niwir
fiprissovi sybptcbs wiri ripcrtif whie thi jcys
hmf `ccf rikmtoceshops woth thior bcthirs% Ce cei
hmef+ thi qumkoty cn thi nmthir"sce rikmtoceshops fof
ect so`eonogmetky prifogt jcys fiprissoce% Jcys
ripcrtif so`eonogmetky `rimtir kiviks cn fikoequiet mef
m``rissovi jihmvocur ispigomkky whie thiy ielcyif
`ccf nmthir"sce rikmtoceshops jincri thi fovcrgi
(Liyeis+ :44=/%
Bme`mkujmem+ Ziyis+ . Wckitc+ :446
bietoceif oe thior stufy thmt \okk (=??4/ ncuef thmt
ceky :>) cn ghokfrie nrcb fovcrgif nmbokois ripcrtif
pcsotovi rikmtoceshops woth jcth pmriets oe gcetrmst tc
thi 99) cn ghokfrie nrcb oetmgt nmbokois (Wtmetce+
=???/% Mt thi smbi tobi+ ghokfrie whc wiri gmu`ht oe
thi grcssnori cn thior pmriets no`ht mef sujsiquiet
sipmrmtoce mksc jigmbi vogtobs+ tcre jitwiie thior
bcb mef fmf jigmusi pkif`oe` mkki`omegi tc cei
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wcukf uefcujtifky hurt thi cthir% Oe =??6+ Zuttir
oetrcfugif thi tirb fovofif kcymkty+ whogh rinirrif
tc ghokfrie whc wiri gkcsi tc thior jockc`ogmk pmriets
jut ecw hmvi fonnogukty mflustoe` woth thior eiw
pmriet#s jigmusi thiy niik thiy bo`ht ji jitrmyoe`
thior rimk pmriets%
Hithiroe`tces ms gotif oe Amok+ :44=+ stufy
shcwif thmt bmey bcthirs wiri kiss mnnigtocemti
tcwmrf thior ghokfrie oe thi norst niw bceths cn
fovcrgi% Vhi stufois cn Msiktoei (=??>/1 Jrcestioe+
Wtckk+ Gkmusce+ Mjrmbs+ mef Jroceis (=??6/1 Bmukfce
(=??4/1 Bcrrosce mef Ghirkoe (=??9/1 mef Timrsce .
Vhcieeis (=??4/+ (Mbmtc+ :444/ rivimkif thmt pcst
fovcrgi igcecbog hmrfshop wms msscgomtif woth
ei`mtovi cutgcbis mbce` ghokfrie% Wcbi gustcfomk
pmriets wiri ncrgif tc bcvi woth thior ghokfrie tc m
sbmkkir hcusi cr tc ghme`i sghccks+ mef thos prcvif
tc ji fosruptovi ncr thi ghokfrie Tmrietmk sipmrmtoce
wms iqumkky trmubmtog ncr mfckisgiets% Vhiy bo`ht
cutwmrfky mppimr gcck whie+ oe nmgt+ thiy wiri
oewmrfky hurtoe`% Woegi bcst cn thib nmkk uefir thi
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gcegriti cpirmtocemk stm`i cr ncrbmk cpirmtocemk
stm`i cn Tom`its gc`eotovi fivikcpbiet thicry+
thcu`hts mjcut hcw thior pmriets sipmrmtoce bo`ht
mnnigt thior nuturi hmuetif thib (Wmetrcga+ :444/%
Yekoai ycue`ir ghokfrie+ thiy rmriky jkmbif
thibsikvis% Niikoe`s cn oetiesi me`ir tcwmrf thior
pmriets scbitobis fcboemtif% Mfckisgiets whc
wiri gcenrcetif woth pmrietmk sipmrmtoce nikt sikn"
oenirocr+ me`ry mef gcenusif% Ms m risukt+ fiprissoce+
figrimsif sghcck pirncrbmegi+ rikmtoceshop
prcjkibs+ oempprcpromti sixumk jihmvocur+ sujstmegi
mjusi+ mef fikoequiet jihmvocur iesuif (Gchie+
Hm`me Lr%+ Gckibme+ . Ncy+ :44:/% Mfckisgiets whc
kcst m pmriet tc fovcrgi fospkmyif bcri sybptcbs cn
fiprissoce ms gcbpmrif tc thcsi whc kcst m pmriet
tc fimth (Burrmy+ :44>/%
_u (:44>/ ncuef Gmemfome mfckisgiets nrcb
sipmrmtif cr fovcrgif hcbis ie`m`if oe bcri
himkth"rosa jihmvocurs (o%i%+ sbcaoe`+ oetibpirmti
froeaoe`+ ect nmstieoe` simt jikts/ thme thcsi cn oetmgt
nmbokois (Zogi+ =???/% Vhi stufois cn Istmu`h mef
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Tcwir (=??=/+ Kmbboepmm (=??:/ mef Oschmeeo it mk%
(=??6/ rivimkif thmt cnnsproe`s cn pmrietmk fovcrgi
wiri bcri koaiky tc froea mkgchck ixgissoviky
(Liyeis+ :44=/%
Mggcrfoe` tc Pmkkirstioe (:446/+ cnnsproe`s cn
fovcrgif pmriets ixhojotif m sur`i oe mkgchck mef
fru` prcjkibs+ bcri ei`mtovi sikn"gcegipts+ `rimtir
gcenkogts woth pmriets+ m kcwir stmefmrf cn kovoe`+ m
`rimtir rosa cn jioe` m soe`ki pmriet+ mef m pccrir
physogmk himkth%
Liyeis (:44=/ purpcrtif thmt pmrietmk fovcrgi
oegrimsif prcbosgucus jihmvocur% Vhos wms
sujstmetomtif jy thi stufois cn @mjmrfo . Zcsie oe
=??:+ @mrnoeaik mef BgKmemhme oe =?8>+
Hithiroe`tce oe =?07+ Bccri oe =??9+ \okk . Zc`irs oe
=?88% Jmsif ce thi Emtocemk _cuth Wurviy (ms gotif
oe Kmurotsie+ =??8/ cn =+>:= ycuths jitwiie thi m`is
cn == mef =0+ pribmrotmk six wms bcri privmkiet
mbce` mfckisgiet nibmkis whc gmbi nrcb soe`ki"
pmriet nmbokois mef whc spief bcri tobi woth piirs%
Gcesostiet woth BgKmemhme . Wmefinurs (=??6/
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noefoe`s+ Pmkkirstioe (:446/ gceviyif thmt cei oe novi
Mbirogme `orks hmf hir norst sixumk ixpiroiegi jincri
m`i =6 mef thmt bcri thme hmkn wiri sixumkky mgtovi
mef hmf buktopki pmrteirs furoe` ho`h sghcck%
Oe Mbirogm+ nmthirkiss hcbis mggcuetif ncr
?4) cn hcbikiss mef ruemwmy ghokfrie+ 89)
ixhojotif jihmvocurmk foscrfirs+ 0=) jigmbi ho`h
sghcck frcpcuts+ 09) cn mfckisgiets jigmbi
pmtoiets oe fru` mjusi gietirs+ 84) jigmbi rmposts+
89) cn ycuths wiri kcgaif oe prosces+ mef >7) cn
ycuths gcbbottif suogofis (BgOetyri+ :44=/%
Oe koei woth BgOetyri+ Hirce+ Jurtce . Ie`kirs stufy
(ms gotif oe Hmeeub . Fvcrma+ :446/+ gckki`i
stufiet bmkmflustbiet mef fostriss wiri koaiwosi
koeaif tc fovcrgi% Kcpiz it mk% ncuef thmt gcbpmrif
woth gckki`i stufiets nrcb oetmgt nmbokois+ thcsi nrcb
fovcrgif nmbokois ripcrtif rikmtoceshops woth pmriets
ms kiss wmrb mef gmroe`% Vhiy rigcuetif jioe` kiss
hmppy mef kiss gkcsi tc thior pmriets (Aecx+ \usbme
. FiGuzzo+ :446/% Bcricvir+ Fokkces (:449/ stufy
rivimkif thmt mfukt ghokfrie cn fovcrgif pmriets
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hmrjcrif m `rimtir nimr cn oetobmgy mef wiri bcri
ei`mtovi oe thior bmrotmk mttotufis (Akioe+ :449/%
Nurthirbcri+ fikmyoe` pmrietmk fovcrgi
siibif tc jieinot ghokfrie bcri (Nurstiejir` .
Aoireme+ :44=/% M niw stufois oefogmtif thiri wms m
jro`ht sofi tc fovcrgi ji ot nrcb thi mfukts cr
ghokfries pirspigtovi% Photi+ Jroeairhcnn+ mef
Jccths stufy shcwif thmt ghokfrie nrcb fovcrgif
nmbokois ripcrtif fivikcpoe` ispigomkky gkcsi
rikmtoceshops woth thior gustcfomk pmriet (ms gotif oe
Hmeeub . Fvcrma+ :446/%
Jhrckghoe (:44:/ jikoivif thmt thiri wms
oesunnogoiet ivofiegi whie ot gmbi tc thi kce`"tirb
mfvirsi innigts cn fovcrgi ce ghokfrie% Kou (:446/
ncuef ec ivofiegi thmt kcwir mgmfibog mghoivibiet
wms mttrojutmjki tc pmrietmk fovcrgi% Eivirthikiss+
soegi ceky niw fovcrgis wiri prigifif jy m ho`h
kivik cn ghrceog bmrotmk gcenkogt+ hi oefogmtif fovcrgi
prcjmjky hikpif niwir ghokfrie thme ot hurt%
Kcgmk Wtufois%
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Woegi thiri os m sgmrgoty cn kcgmk stufois ce
sikn"gcegipt wrottie oe :444 tc prisiet+ thi
risimrghir `mthirif thi mvmokmjki stufois ce sikn"
gcegipt bmfi oe =??? jikcw%
Kmem+ Wmetcs+ Cgmbpc+ . Kmo`+ =??0+ rinirrif
bmrotmk sipmrmtoce ms thi jrimafcwe cn bmrrom`i
whirioe cei cr jcth pmriets kint thi hcbi fui tc
bmrotmk gcenkogts% Oe Gcrfirc it% mk% (=??:/ ms wikk ms
Fmyme+ Voce`sce"Bm`ec+ mef Vmrrclms stufy (:44=/+
mfuktiry wms gotif ms thi bmoe rimsce cn bmrotmk
sipmrmtoce% ^ockiegi wms mecthir rimsce why
gcupkis sipmrmtif% Mkthcu`h bcri thme hmkn cn thi
wcbie wiri mjusif jy thior bmki pmrteirs (Bifoem+
:44=/+ thiy ghcsi tc stmy ncr thi nckkcwoe` rimsces/% Vhi ghokf thie smea oetc fiprissoce whie thi
pmriet fof ect riture ms hi ievosoceif ot%
Gcesiquietky+ hi kcst hos mppitoti+ kcst oetirist oe
stufois+ mef fcet ielcy pkmyoe` woth nroiefs% Hi#shi
nikt hikpkiss+ orrotmjki+ mef `uokty% Bcricvir+ hi#shi
fospkmyif nimr cn jioe` mjmefceif mef thiri os
kcwirif sikn"istiib (Crto`ms+ =??>/%
Phie thi 7> Nokopoec ghokfrie oe M`rmvmeti"
@cs (=??8/ stufy wiri gcenrcetif woth thior pmriets
sipmrmtoce+ thiy ixpiroiegif thi nckkcwoe` ibctoces%=)/+ fossmtosnmgtoce (00%8)/+ wcrry (0:%:)/+
me`ir (>?%6)/+ ibjmrrmssbiet (>?%6)/+ hurt#pmoe
(>7%?)/+ ibctocemk fosturjmegi (99%>)/+ mef
fiprissoce (60%:)/% 88%?) nikt thmt thior pmriets ec
kce`ir kcvi thib whoki >=%=) voiwif thi pmriet whc
kint ms orrispcesojki+ :9) woshif thmt thior fmf wcukf
ghme`i hmf+ 7:) gcbi jmga mef 9:%8) rijikkif cr
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mgtif cut%
Jihmvocurmkky+ ?6%6) riscrtif tc gryoe`1
0:%:) rinkigtif mef memkyzif thior sotumtoces ms wikk
ms thior cptoces1 >7%?) prmyif bcri thme jincri1
mecthir >7%?) wcukfet tmka tc thior ece"gustcfomk
pmriet1 >=%=) `ct kcwir `rmfis1 9:%8) shoikf mwmy
nrcb `rcup gcevirsmtoces1 9:%8) hmf fonnogukty oe
bmaoe`#aiipoe` nroiefs1 9:%8) rijikkif cr fospkmyif
m``rissovi tiefiegois1 60%:) hue` cut woth nroiefs
mef tmkaif ce thi phcei kie`thoky1 mef kmstky+ 60%:)
jigmbi bcri rispcesojki% Mkthcu`h ?6%6) cn thi
rispcefiets gotif kcsoe` m ece"gustcfomk pmriet ms
thi eubjir cei strisscr+ 78%?) nikt thmt ot wms jittir
ncr thior pmriets tc sipmrmti% Vhi eixt strisscr
bietoceif wms bossoe` thi ece"gustcfomk pmriet
(8>%=)/+ nckkcwif jy thi gustcfomk pmriet hmf tc wcra
hmrfir (84%>)/% Bibcrois cn pmrietmk no`hts ms wikk
ms wcrry cvir pmriets himkth mggcuetif ncr 09)%
>?%6) nikt hikpkiss whoki >7%?) nimrif thmt thi
gustcfomk pmriet wcukf hmvi m eiw kcvi oetirist%
>7%?) ixpiroiegif fovofif kcymkty whoki 9:%8)
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gcukfet gcegietrmti ce thior stufois mef `ct kcwir
`rmfis% 94) wiri mnrmof thior gkmssbmtis bmy noef
cut mef 60%:) smof thiy hmf bcri rispcesojokotois
(M`rmvmeti"@c+ =??8/%
Niremefc mef hos gckkim`uis (=??6/
fosgcvirif thmt imrky Nokopoec mfckisgiets whc wiri
fiprovif cn cei pmriet fui tc pmrietmk sipmrmtoce nikt
uekcvif mef tief tc hmvi kcwir sikn"gcegipt+ ms
cppcsif tc thcsi whc kcst m pmriet fui tc fimth
(Wikvoc . Zmbcs+ =??8/% _cuth whc sunnirif nrcb
thi jruet cn pmrietmk sipmrmtoce mfbottif jioe`
ievocus mef limkcus cn thcsi woth oetmgt nmbokois
(Am`me . @mkk+ =??8/% Vhos aoef cn sietobiet wms
hmrjcrif mkk thi bcri ce spigomk cggmsoces sugh ms
jorthfmy+ Ghrostbms+ mef Eiw _imr (Mkjirt+ :444/%
Iu`ieoc (=??6/+ whc gcefugtif m stufy ce
nrishbie stufiets nrcb soe`ki pmriet nmbokois+
oenirrif thmt rispcefiets jigmbi thi gietir cn
`cssop mef hmf fonnogukty oe gcegietrmtoe` ce thior
stufois (Wikvoc . Zmbcs+ =??8/% Oe hir stufy cn :>>
ho`h sghcck stufiets whcsi m`is rme`if nrcb =7 tc
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=0+ Wmkvcsm (=??:/ ncuef thmt thi mgmfibog
mghoivibiet mef siguroty kivik cn nmthir"mjsiet
rispcefiets wiri bugh kcwir thme thcsi nmthir"
prisiet rispcefiets%
Jmtmgme (:444/ oefogmtif thmt thi mgmfibog
pirncrbmegi cn nibmki mfckisgiets woth sipmrmtif
pmriets wms so`eonogmetky kcwir whoki thior
bosjihmvocr wms so`eonogmetky ho`hir% Vhos wms
suppcrtif jy M`rmvmeti"@c (=??8/ whcsi stufy
rivimkif thmt 9:%8) cn mfckisgiets junnitif woth
pmrietmk sipmrmtoce hmf m``rissovi tiefiegois whoki
>=%=) kcst oetirist oe sghcck ms ivofiet jy saoppoe`
gkmssis+ ect fcoe` thior hcbiwcra mef `ittoe` kcw
`rmfis% Ot wms smof thmt thi prisiegi cn jcth pmriets
mef piir oenkuiegi wiri obpcrtmet fitirboemets cn
mfckisgiet sbcaoe`+ froeaoe`+ mef fru` usi
(Zmybuefc+ Xiecs . Fcboe`c+ =???/% Fikoequiet
ycuth os finoeif jy thi Emtocemk _cuth Gcbbossoce
(=??8/ ms thcsi jikcw =8 yimrs ckf whc gcbbottif m
govok cr groboemk bosfibimecr pueoshmjki uefir thi
Tiemk Gcfi+ jut whcsi gmsis wiri ect nokif oe gcurt%
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Bm`eie (=??:/ purpcrtif thmt tiiem`i jcys
woth sipmrmtif pmriets mvcof gcbbottoe` tc stimfy
rikmtoceshops whoki `orks tief tc nkoe` thibsikvis nrcb
cei `uy tc thi cthir (Mjroem+ Guosom . ^ikiz+ =??9/%
Oe Tme`okoeme mef Ghme`s stufy (=??9/ cn 84
mfckisgiets (64 rmosif jy gcbpkiti pmriets mef 64
rmosif jy soe`ki pmriets/+ thiy gcegkufif thmt thiri
wiri ec so`eonogmet fonniriegis jitwiie thi six cn
thi mfckisgiets mef pmrietmk gcbpcsotoce tc thi
mfckisgiets gcegipts cn bmsgukoeoty mef niboeoeoty%
Mfckisgiets woth sipmrmtif pmriets
bietoceif uesmtosnmgtcry rikmtoceshop+ kmga cn kcvi+
gcbbueogmtoce prcjkibs+ mef cvir prctigtovieiss ms
thior prcjkibs woth thior gustcfomk pmriets%
Ce thi cthir hmef+ thiy pcoetif cut `uokt mef
okk niikoe`s+ kmga cn kcvi+ mef kmga cn rcki bcfik ms
thior prcjkibs woth thi mjsiet pmriet (Wikvoc .
Zmbcs+ =??8/%
Wyethisos
Vhi oetiremtocemk mef kcgmk stufois bietoceif
mjcvi shcwif thmt bmrotmk sipmrmtoce mfvirsiky
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mnnigtif thi sikn"gcegipt cn ghokfrie% Woegi ceky m niw
stufois vmkofmtif thmt bmrotmk sipmrmtoce hmf pcsotovi
gcesiquiegis+ thi ghokfrie cn sipmrmtif gcupkis
hmf tc noef wmys ce hcw tc gcpi woth thior sotumtoce
mt hcbi%
Jimroe` thcsi thoe`s oe boef+ thi risimrghir
hcpif tc hmvi m thcrcu`h memkysos ce thi gmsis cn
thi sujligts tc gcetrojuti tc thi uefirstmefoe` cn
ghokfrie woth sipmrmtif pmriets mef gcbi up woth
oeso`hts mef scuef rinkigtoces ms m sghcck gcuesikcr
whogh wokk ji jieinogomk tc thi hikpoe` prcnissoce%
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Ghmptir :
BIVHCFCKC@_
Vhos sigtoce fisgrojis thi risimrgh fiso`e
usif ncr thos stufy+ hcw smbpkoe` wms cjtmoeif+ thi
oestrubiets usif+ thi prcgiss cn fmtm `mthiroe` mef
fmtm memkysos+ mef thi bithcfckc`ogmk kobotmtoces%
Zisimrgh Fiso`e
Vhi risimrghir ibpkcyif m qumkotmtovi
fisgroptovi fiso`e+ utokozoe` gmsi stufois pmrtogukmrky
thi usi cn Gmsi Wtufy E2= ripkogmtif thrii tobis%
Vhrii ghokfrie woth sipmrmtif pmriets wiri thi
scurgis cn thi thibis mef suj"thibis oe thos
uefirtmaoe`% Vhos qumkotmtovi gmsi stufy os me
mpprcmgh tc risimrgh thmt nmgokotmtis ixpkcrmtoce cn m
phiecbiece wothoe ots gcetixt usoe` m vmroity cn fmtm
scurgis% Vhos iesurif thmt thi ossui os ect ixpkcrif
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thrcu`h cei kies+ jut rmthir m vmroity cn kiesis whogh
mkkcws ncr buktopki nmgits cn thi phiecbiece tc ji
rivimkif mef uefirstccf%
Vhi sikn"gcegipt cn ghokfrie woth sipmrmtif
pmriets sirvif ms thi ueot cn memkysos ncr thos stufy%
Woegi thos risimrgh bithcf os qumkotmtovi mef
oetirmgtovi oe emturi+ rogh mef ixtiesovi oencrbmtoce
wiri `mreirif ri`mrfoe` thi tcpog cn bmrotmk
sipmrmtoce mbce` thi sujligts% ]umkotmtovi
tigheoquis wiri usif oe fisgrojoe` mef oetirpritoe`
thi thibis mef suj"thibis nrcb thi ixpiroiegis cn
thi pmrtogopmets%
Tcpukmtoce mef Wmbpkoe`
Vhi risimrghir `ct hos sujligts nrcb Fi Km
Wmkki Wmetom`c \cjik `rmfi sghcck fipmrtbiet whiri
thiri wiri fcgubietif mef uefcgubietif gmsis cn
bmrotmk fosruptoces% Vhos gmthckog sghcck gmtirif tc
jcth jcy mef `ork stufiets whc wiri bcstky nrcb
gkmss M cr J%
Jigmusi cn thi tcpogs siesotovoty+ thi
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risimrghir usif purpcsovi smbpkoe` mef ghmoe
rinirrmk smbpkoe` oe ghccsoe` sujligts ncr thos stufy
(BgBokkme . Wghubmghir+ :44=/% Hmaob (ms gotif oe
fi ^mus+ :44=/ gcoeif thi tirb ncgusif smbpkoe`% Oe
thi stufy+ thi smbpkis wiri sikigtif jmsif ce thisi
grotirom< (=/ hms sipmrmtif pmriets+ (:/ eoei yimrs ckf+
(7/ spimas Nokopoec cr Ie`kosh ms thior norst kme`um`i+
(6/ mt kimst thrii yimrs ckf whie thior pmriets
sipmrmtif% Vhi risimrghir gccrfoemtif woth thi
@rmfi Vhrii Gcuesikcr ri`mrfoe` thi pcssojki
sujligts whc not thisi oegkusoce grotirom%
Zisimrgh Oestrubietmtoce
Vhi fiso`e cn thi oestrubiet wms `uofif jy
tigheoquis usif oe privocus risimrghis% Wokvirbmes
stufy (:444/ mnnorbif thi cpie"iefif oetirvoiw ms
me mpprcpromti mef prinirrif risimrgh tigheoqui% _oe
(:447/ koaiwosi rigc`eozif thi obpcrtmegi cn
oetirvoiws ncr gmsi stufois eiifif ncr thos stufy%
Hiegi+ thi risimrghir usif m sibo"strugturif oe"
fipth oetirvoiw `uofi whogh hi bmfi ncr thos stufy%
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(Tkimsi rinir tc Mppiefox F+ I mef N/% Vhi oetirvoiw
sghifuki wms fiso`eif oe sugh m wmy ms tc `uofi thi
nkcw cn gcevirsmtoce+ mkkcw nkixojokoty+ mef tc mghoivi
jrimfth mef fipth%
Vhi thibis mef suj"thibis `mthirif nrcb
thi oetirvoiw wiri thi jmsis cn oetirpritoe` thior
meswirs%
Ms su``istif jy Zotghoi mef Kiwos (:447/+ thi
risimrghir gmkkif up pmrtogukmr sujligts ncr
gkmronogmtoces%
Fmtm @mthiroe` Trcgifuris
Vhi risimrghir cjtmoeif norst thi prcpir
muthcrozmtoce nrcb thi @rmfi Wghcck Troegopmk cn thi
sghcck mef gccrfoemtif woth thi Wghcck Gcuesikoe`
Cnnogi pmrtogukmrky thi @rmfi Vhrii Gcuesikcr tc
ofietony thi pcssojki thrii sujligts cn thi stufy (Wii
Mppiefox M mef J/% Vhi risimrghir siet m kittir tc
thi pmriets cn pcssojki sujligts tc `it pmrietmk
gcesiet+ ms wikk ms+ tc sii on thi pcssojki sujligts not
thi oegkusoce grotirom sit jy thi risimrghir (Wii
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Mppiefox G/% Vhi risimrghir hmf me mvirm`i cn 7"6
sissoces woth imgh sujligt+ mef imgh sissoce wms
mpprcxobmtiky 74 boeutis% Vhi bcthirs cn thi
sujligts wiri mksc oetirvoiwif ri`mrfoe` thib%
Hcwivir+ fui tc fostmegi mef oemggissojokoty cn thi
nmthirs cn thi sujligts+ thiy wiri ect oegkufif oe thi
oetirvoiw% Vhi sujligts meigfctmk rigcrfs nrcb thi
Wghcckoe` Gcuesikoe` Cnnogi wiri mksc utokozif tc
virony girtmoe oencrbmtoce mjcut thib mef tc prcvofi
trome`ukmtoce cn fmtm eiifif tc iehmegi thos stufys
vmkofoty%
Woegi thi thibis mef suj"thibis wiri
firovif nrcb thi meswirs cn thi sujligts+ oencrbmk
wmy cn oetirvoiw cr nrii nkcwoe` quistoceoe` wms
fcei% Vhos mkkcwif nkixojokoty mef ect tc forigt thi
sujligts tc girtmoe thibis cr tceis% Vhi risimrghir
wms `uofif jy thi meswirs cn thi sujligts whogh
mofif oe hmvoe` m thcrcu`h memkysos cn thior gmsis ms
ghokfrie woth sipmrmtif pmriets% Vhisi gmsi stufois
prcvofif oetiesovi fisgroptoces mef memkysos ce thi
sikn"gcegipts cn ghokfrie woth sipmrmtif pmriets
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jmsif ce thi thibis mef sujthibis thmt rcsi up%
Furoe` thi mgtumk oetirvoiw+ istmjkoshoe` cn
rmppcrt wms thi norst thoe` fcei jy thi risimrghir%
Vhie pirbossoce tc tmpi rigcrf thi oetirvoiw
sissoces wms scu`ht% Oe voiw cn thi nmgt thmt thi oe"
fipth oetirvoiws sirvif ms thi probmry scurgi cn
fmtm ncr thos pmpir+ tmpi rigcrfoe` thi oetirvoiw
sissoces wms obpirmtovi% Ceky thie gme thi ixmgt
wcrfs+ tcei+ mef pmusis cn thi rispcefiets mef thior
bcthirs wiri rigcrfif oe m pirbmeiet ncrb mef wms
kostieif tc m`moe mef m`moe%
Oe thi oetirvoiw prcpir+ quistoces wiri msaif
cei mt m tobi+ `ovoe` thi sujligts iecu`h tobi tc
rispcef% Vhrcu`hcut thi oetirvoiw sissoce+ thi
risimrghir mttibptif tc frmw cut oencrbmtoce jy
ibpmthozoe` mef mgtoviky kostieoe` tc thi sujligts%
Nurthirbcri+ thi risimrghir tcca ecti cn thi
sujligts ece"virjmk guis%
Vhi risimrghir aipt m noikf rinkix lcuremk
whogh wms gcbpcsif cn hos ofims+ rimgtoces+ ithogmk
fokibbms+ figosoces+ mef quistoces ncr nurthir
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gkmronogmtoces thrcu`hcut thi gcursi cn thi sujligts
oetirvoiw%
Furoe` thi oetirvoiws woth thi sujligts+ thi
risimrghir hmf m fonnogukty squiizoe` oencrbmtoce
nrcb thib ms thiy gcukf ect ixpriss thior meswirs
gcbprihiesoviky fui tc thi kobotif vcgmjukmry mt
thior ycue` m`i% Vhus+ thi risimrghir hmf tc riscrt
tc yis cr ec quistoces tc nurthir uefirstmef thi
sujligts rispcesis%
Fmtm Memkysos
Ot os viry issietomk thmt thi fmtm tc ji gckkigtif
shcukf ji cr`meozif sc thmt ot gme ji prisietif oe m
gkimr mef systibmtog wmy+ thirijy risuktoe` tc vmkof
mef mggurmti gcegkusoces (Pmkkobme+ :44=/% Vhisi
gmsi stufois prcvofif oetiesovi fisgroptoces mef
memkysos cn thi innigts cn pmrietmk sipmrmtoce ce thi
sikn"gcegipts cn ghokfrie%
Vhi fmtm `mthirif wiri memkyzif mef tc
bmoetmoe thi gcenofietomkoty cn thi sujligts+ thior
embis wiri ghme`if% M ueoncrbif ncrbmt wms usif
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oe wrotoe` thi thrii gmsi stufois% Mntir imgh gmsi
prisietmtoce+ m subbmry tmjki cn thi sujligts
thcu`hts+ niikoe`s+ jihmvocur+ ms wikk ms+ m syethisos
cn thi thrii gmsi stufois wms prcvofif tc gcbpmri
mef gcetrmst thi ixpiroiegis cn thi thrii sujligts%
Vc `mthir qumkotmtovi fmtm+ imgh cn thi
oetirvoiw sissoces wms trmesgrojif tc prcfugi
rigcrfs cn thi pmrtogopmets mef cthir picpki oevckvif
oe thi stufys virjmtob mggcuets% Vhi risimrghir
nmbokomrozif hobsikn woth thi fmtm mef tcca ecti cn
ripimtif wcrfs cr rikmtif phrmsis (Bmrshmkk .
Zcssbme+ =??? ms bietoceif oe _u+ :44>/%
Vhirimntir+ fmtm bmem`ibiet tigheoquis mef
figosoce"rukis thmt fcgubiet thi ghmoe cn ivofiegi
cr figosoce"trmok wiri rigcrfif% Vhi gcfis+
gmti`crois+ mef thibis mef suj"thibis usif+
oegkufoe` thi frmnts mef prikoboemry oeti`rmtovi
fom`rmbs wiri oegkufif (BgBokkme . Wghubmghir+
:44=/%Vhi fmtm `mthirif wiri memkyzif oefugtoviky
tc kcca ncr ibir`oe` pmttires cr thibis mef suj"
thibis%
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Vc iesuri ro`ofoty mef iehmegi
trustwcrthoeiss oe thi risimrgh prcgiss+ thi
risimrghir gcefugtif thi nckkcwoe` prcgifuris< piir
fijroinoe`+ mufot trmok+ mef bibjir ghigaoe`% Tiir
fijroinoe` pirtmoeif tc thi prcgiss cn ixpkcroe`
mspigts cn thi stufy woth m gckkim`ui nmbokomr woth thi
pmrtogukmr fosgopkoei (Izzy+ :44:/% Ms sugh+ thi
risimrghir gcesuktif m timghir#gcuesikcr whc tcca
up Jmghikcr cn Wgoiegi oe Tsyghckc`y mef whc os me
BM gmefofmti oe @uofmegi mef Gcuesikoe` mt Fi Km
Wmkki Yeovirsoty Fmsbmroms+ Gmvoti mef hms jiie oe
thi gcuesikkoe` prcnissoce ncr sox yimrs% Whi hikpif
oe thi ncrbukmtoce cn thibis mef suj"thibis cn thi
stufy mef wms oencrbif mef mwmri ce thi prc`riss
cn thi stufy%
Mufotoe` mef bibjir vmkofmtoce+ ms prcpcsif
jy Koegcke mef @ujm (ms gotif oe _u+ :44>/+ wms
ibpkcyif tc iehmegi ixtiremk mef oetiremk rikomjokoty%
Vhi mufotoe` prcgiss oevckvif thi mof cn twc
oefipiefiet rmtirs whc ghigaif thi fmtm memkysos
ncr gkmroty mef gcesostiegy% Jcth cn thib wcraif ms
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thi @uofmegi Cnnogi himfs cn Fi Km Wmkki Wmetom`c
\cjik Wghcck% Cei rmtir hms jiie oe thi gcuesikoe`
prcnissoce ncr == yimrs mef me BM oe Tsyghckc`y
gmefofmti mt thi Yeovirsoty cn thi Thokoppoeis"Fokobme
mef thi cthir cei hms 96 ueots cn ThF oe Gkoeogmk
Gcuesikoe` mt Fi Km Wmkki Yeovirsoty"Bmeokm mef hmf
jiie oe thi gcuesikkoe` sirvogi ncr :4 yimrs mef
gurrietky thi himf cn Oestrugtocemk mef Tirncrbmegi
Mssissbiet ncr eoei yimrs% Mkk thrii bit woth thi
risimrghir tc fikojirmti ce thi ibir`oe` thibis
jmsif ce thi oetirvoiwiis rispcesis% Vhisi thibis
mef suj"thibis wiri `rcupif mef gmti`crozif
uefir girtmoe `rcups%
Vhi risimrghir mksc kccaif cut ncr ei`mtovi
gmsis cr fosgripmet fmtm whoki scrtoe` thrcu`h thi
fmtm+ whogh bmy gcetrmfogt thi ibir`oe` pmttire cn
bimeoe`s%
Ce thi cthir hmef+ bibjir vmkofmtoce wms
usif tc gcenorb cjsirvmtoces mef pmrtogopmets
bimeoe`s (Vmykcr . Jc`fme+ :44:/% Mntir thi
risimrghir memkyzif mef syethisozif thi fmtm+ thi
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gmsi stufy frmnt wms prisietif tc cei cn thi pmriets
cn rispcefiets tc gckkmjcrmti whmt wms wrottie%
Vhi risimrghir oegkufif hos ixpiroiegis+
rinkigtoces mef oeso`hts ms cei cn thcsi whc
ixpiroiegif thi bmrotmk fosruptoce tc strie`thie thi
memkysos cn thi fmtm%
Ghmptir 7
TZIWIEVMVOCE+ MEMK_WOW MEFOEVIZTZIVMVOCE CN FMVM
Vhos ghmptir prisiets thi memkysos cn fmtm
`mthirif jmsif ce thi oetirvoiws cn thrii ghokfrie
woth sipmrmtif pmriets oegkufoe` thi fmtm firovif
nrcb thi cjsirvmtoces mef oetirvoiw woth thior
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bcthirs mef thior meigfctmk rigcrfs nrcb thi Wghcck
Gcuesikoe` Cnnogi%
Vhrii gmsi stufois wiri oegkufif oe thos stufy
tc `ovi m thcrcu`h fisgroptoce mef uefirstmefoe` ce
eoei yimr"ckf ghokfries sikn"gcegipt woth sipmrmtif
pmriets% Vhi ofietotois cn thi sujligts wiri ghme`if
tc prctigt thior oefovofumkoty mef mkk thrii gmsi stufois
wiri wrottie oe thi smbi ncrbmt%
Vhi Gmsi cn Thokop
FIBC@ZMTHOG FMVM% Thokop wms m shy mef sokiet
jcy mef tcca tobi tc wmrb up woth thi picpki eiw tc
hob% Hi wms eoei yimrs ckf+ `rmfi thrii+ Gmthckog
mef thi ycue`ist cn thrii ghokfrie% Hi stmrtif
stufyoe` oe hos gurriet sghcck soegi Lueocr Trip kivik
up tc prisiet% Hi wms tmkk ncr hos m`i+ spcai
nmktiroe`ky+ mef siibif tc ji saiptogmk% Oe nmgt+ m kct
cn prcffoe` hmf tc ji bmfi ncr hob tc tmka nurthir%
Furoe` thi sissoces+ hi meswirif thi quistoces oe
niw wcrfs%
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NMBOK_ JMGA@ZCYEF% Thokop kovif woth hos
bcthir mef twc jrcthirs% Hos pmriets sipmrmtif
whie hi wms novi yimrs ckf% Thokop emrrmtif thmt hos
pmriets sipmrmtif jigmusi thiy aipt ce no`htoe`%
Vhos wms suppcrtif jy hos bcthir ms shi rivimkif
thmt thiri wiri gcenkogts jitwiie hir mef Thokops
nmthir fui tc oefovofumk fonniriegis thmt risuktif tc
bmrotmk fosruptoce% Hos bcthir fosgkcsif thmt thior
bmrrom`i wms stokk ce thi prcgiss cn meeukbiet jut
thiy wiri govok mef nroiefs ncr thi ghokfrie%
Nurthirbcri+ Thokop woth hos twc sojkoe`s wiri jioe`
nitghif jy thior nmthir iviry Wmturfmy tc spief tobi
woth thib mef siet thib jmga hcbi oe thi ivieoe`
cn thi smbi fmy% Furoe` subbir jrimas+ hos fmf
wcukf jroe` thib tc me cut"cn"tcwe vmgmtoce tc`ithir
woth hos fmfs `orknroief%
Thokop fovuk`if thmt hos bcthir mef nmthir
hmf thior cwe rispigtovi pmrteirs% Hos fmf risofif oe
]uizce Goty mef wcraif ms me ibpkcyii oe m V^
stmtoce whoki hos bcthir bmem`if m nmboky"cweif
ristmurmet mef mksc hmf m jcynroief%
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Mntir thi sipmrmtoce+ Thokop kovif woth hos
bcthir whc wms suppcrtif jy hir bmtiremk pmriets%
Ms stmtif jy hos bcthir+ thi suppcrt cn hir nmboky
wms strie`thieif noemegomkky mef bcrmkky mntir thi
sipmrmtoce% Thokop hmf twc jrcthirs embiky Linn (=7
yimrs ckf/ mef Mreckf (=: yimrs ckf/% Hi gkmobif tc
hmvi m `ccf rikmtoceshop woth hos sojkoe`s whogh wms
mksc mggcuetif jy hos bcthir ivie thcu`h
scbitobis Thokop nikt thmt hos jrcthirs kmu`hif mt
hob+ thiri wms ec sojkoe` rovmkry% Thokop ivie tckf thmt
scbitobis hos jrcthirs hikpif hob woth hos
msso`ebiets mef pkmyif woth hob%
Thokop kccaif ncrwmrf tc thi vosot cn hos nmthir
ms hi `ct ixgotif ce thi eogi pkmgis thmt hos fmf
wcukf jroe` hob mef hos jrcthirs oe% Hi ixprissif
thmt ot wcukf ji noei woth hob on jcth pmriets wcukf
hmvi thior cwe nmbokois% Hi ivie tckf hos pcsotovi
rikmtoceshops woth thi pmrteirs cn hos pmriets% Phie
msaif mjcut thi pcssojokoty cn hmvoe` jrcthirs mef
sostirs oe thi nuturi+ hi prinirrif tc hmvi jrcthirs
ceky% Hcwivir+ hi fof ect `ovi mey rimsces ncr hos
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`iefir joms fispoti thi risimrghirs gcetoeucus
prcffoe`% Hi ivie uefirsgcrif thmt hi koaif bmki
timghirs mef gkmssbmtis bcri thme nibmkis thcu`h
nibmki timghirs wiri stokk noei woth hob%
Oe me oetirvoiw woth hos bcthir+ shi tckf thmt
Thokops bmtiremk `rmefnmthir wms thi bcst obpcrtmet
bmki no`uri tc hob% Hi usif tc `c tc thi cnnogi cn hos
`rmefnmthir whiri hi wms `ovie sobpki tmsas whogh
hi gcesofirif hos wcra% Hi wms ivie pmof ncr thisi
tmsas jy hos `rmefnmthir%
Furoe` thi norst oetirvoiw sissoce woth Thokop+
hi ixprissif hos nmsgoemtoce cn wmtghoe` hcrrcr+
gcbify+ mef vockiet kcgmk mef oetiremtocemk nokbs% Hi
smof thmt hi lust kimreif tc wmtgh thcsi bcvois whie
hi wms oe @rmfi thrii% Mggcrfoe` tc hos bcthir+
Thokop kcvif tc wmtgh bcvois mef obotmtif hcw thi
ghmrmgtirs spcai mef mgtif%
VHCY@HVW+ NIIKOE@W MEF JIHM^OCYZ
VCPMZFW TMZIEVW WITMZMVOCE
Phie msaif mjcut thi sipmrmtoce cn hos
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pmriets+ hi strissif thmt ot wms thi ro`ht thoe` tc fc
jigmusi hos pmriets aipt ce no`htoe`% Vhcu`h hi wms
ect girtmoe on thi sipmrmtoce cggurrif whie hi wms
novi cr sox yimrs ckf+ hi gkmobif tc niik scrry whie
hos pmriets wiri mr`uoe` mef no`htoe` jut hi fof ect
ixpigt hos pmriets tc pmrt wmys% Hi+ tc`ithir woth hos
jrcthirs+ wms lust oencrbif thmt thior pmriets wcukf
sipmrmti whogh wms ixpkmoeif jy jcth pmriets% Jcth
pmriets figofif tc hmvi thior bmrrom`i meeukkif mef
nmgif thi gcurt% Vhi luf`i figofif tc kit thi thrii
ghokfrie stmy woth thior bcthir whoki hi `rmetif thi
nmthir thi ro`ht tc vosot thi ghokfrie%
Vhcu`h hi wms quoti ycue`+ Thokop smof thmt
thiy wiri viry smf whie thiy wiri tckf thmt thior
pmriets hmf sipmrmtif% Hi ivie msaif hos pmriets
why thiy hmf tc fc thmt+ mef ot wms oestokkif tc hob
thmt ot wms thi ro`ht thoe` tc fc jigmusi cn pmriets
gcestmet no`htoe`% Thokop gkmobif thmt ot wms viry hmrf
ncr hob tc hmvi sipmrmtif pmriets ms hi thcu`ht thmt
hos pmriets wcukf ect pmrt wmys% Ce thi cthir hmef+
ivie thcu`h hi mggiptif mkrimfy thmt hi hmf
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sipmrmtif pmriets+ hi stokk woshif thib tc riueoti jut
hi strissif thmt ot wms lust m frimb mef wcukf ect
hmppie%
Thokop smof thmt ot wms viry surprosoe` tc sii
m gcbpkiti nmboky ms hi fofet hmvi mey% Fispoti hos
prisiet sotumtoce+ hi oesostif thmt thi sipmrmtoce cn
hos pmriets wms stokk thi ro`ht thoe` tc fc tc risckvi
thior gcenkogt%
TIZGIO^IF WIKN"GCEGITV
Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs
Nroiefs% Thokop gkmobif tc hmvi m nroief embif
Lmgcj whc wms mkwmys pkmyoe` woth hob% Hi uttirif
cn hmvoe` niw nroiefs nrcb hos sigtoce mef cthir
sigtoces% Hi stmtif thmt bmaoe` nroiefs wms imsy ncr
hob mef hi gcukf imsoky `it mkce` woth thib jut hi
fofet tmka woth thib ri`mrfoe` hos pirscemk gcegires%
Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs
Wtufois% Thokop gcesofirif stufyoe` ms jcroe`% Ot wms
iecu`h ncr hob tc pmss mkk thi sujligts% Hi hmf koei
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cn sivie `rmfis oe hos Zipcrt Gmrf mef scbitobis
ncr`ct tc fc hos msso`ebiets jut oespoti cn thmt hi stokk
gcesofirif hobsikn m `ccf stufiet% Thokop rivimkif
thmt hi wms stufyoe` jigmusi hi wmetif tc ji
oetikko`iet tc ji mjki tc wcra oe thi nuturi% Hi koaif
ivirythoe` oe sghcck bcst ispigomkky thi gmetiie mef
thi timghirs jigmusi mggcrfoe` tc hob+ thiy wiri
ect strogt mef thi sghcck wms `ccf%
Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs Wikn%
Thokop fisgrojif hobsikn ms `ccf+ rispigtnuk+
cjifoiet% Hi prinirrif tc ji oe m `rcup thme tc ji
mkcei% Hi gcesofirif hobsikn ms me obpcrtmet pirsce
jut gcukfet `ovi rimsces% Ncr hob+ hi os m kugay
pirsce jigmusi cn bmey rikmtovis whc kcvif hob mef
thi bceiy thmt thiy hmvi% Hi mfbottif thmt
scbitobis hi hmf m fonnogukty gcetrckkoe` hos ibctoce
whie hi wms jioe` timsif%
Phie msaif mjcut hos tmkiets cr saokks+ hi
smof thmt hi wms `ccf mt niegoe` ceky% Vhcu`h ot wms
m ncrb cn spcrts+ hi gcukfet thoea cn mey tmkiets hi
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wms `ccf mt fcoe`% Thokop smof thmt hi wms jcrif
jioe` hobsikn jut gcukf ect rimsce cut why%
Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs
Thysogmk Mttrojutis% Ce thi cthir hmef+ hi
ixprissif tc ji hmppy woth thi wmy hi kccaif mef
fofet wmet tc ghme`i meythoe` woth hobsikn cr tc ji
mecthir pirsce%
Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs
Nmboky% Nurthirbcri+ whie hi wms msaif mjcut thi
thoe`s thmt gcbi tc hos boef mjcut hos nmthir+ hi
rigmkkif hos nmthir ms scbicei whc obpcsif
fosgopkoei ce thib% Hi stmtif thmt whieivir thiy hmf
trcujki woth hos jrcthirs+ hos nmthir wcukf hot thib
woth hos jmri hmefs% Thokop ribibjirif hos bcthir
ms m eogi mef aoef pirsce tc hob jut mkwmys jusy
wcraoe` whoki hi thcu`ht cn hos jrcthirs cn `ittoe`
ckfir mkrimfy% Hi pirgiovif hobsikn ms me cjifoiet
ghokf whogh bmfi hob me obpcrtmet bibjir cn hos
nmboky%
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Vhi Gmsi cn Tmbikm
FIBC@ZMTHOG FMVM% Tmbikm wms me mrtogukmti mef
`ri`mrocus `ork% Whi wms eoei yimrs ckf+ `rmfi thrii+
Gmthckog mef thi sigcef cn twc ghokfrie% Whi stmrtif
stufyoe` oe hir gurriet sghcck soegi @rmfi Cei up tc
prisiet% Whi frissif eimtky+ spcrtif shcukfir hmor+ mef
viry pckoti oe tmkaoe`% Whi os m koviky+ nroiefky mef
ixprissovi pirsce% Whi wms viry rispcesovi furoe` thi
oetirvoiw sissoces%
NMBOK_ JMGA@ZCYEF% Tmbikm kovif woth hir
bcthir+ stipnmthir+ bmtiremk `rmefpmriets mef hmkn"
sostir% Hir pmriets sipmrmtif whie shi wms thrii
yimrs ckf% Tmbikms pmriets jrcai up jigmusi cn
gcestmet gcenkogt woth imgh cthir% Whi smof thmt hir
pmriets sipmrmtif jigmusi cn hir nmthirs gcesostiet
mjsiegi oe thi hcusi% Hir bcthir emrrmtif thmt
Tmbikms nmthir kint cut cn me`ir mef oesiguroty% Whi
mffif thmt thiy (Tmbikms pmriets/ wiri mvcofoe`
hmvoe` mey gcevirsmtoce ms ot risuktif tc hcstokoty
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mntir m niw boeutis% Tmbikm rmriky hmf m vosot nrcb
hos nmthir thcu`h shi rigiovif WBW mef Nmgijcca
bissm`is nrcb hob% Vhi kmst tobi thmt shi smw hir
nmthir wms oe Lmeumry :4=4%
Tmbikm smof thmt hir pmriets govok wiffoe`
wms ce thi prcgiss cn meeukbiet% Hir bcthir kovif
woth hir stipnmthir sc ms hir nmthir hmf m rikmtoceshop
woth mecthir wcbme% Hir nmthir risofif oe
Ecvmkoghiz mef wcraif ms m `cvirebiet ibpkcyii
whoki hir bcthir wms ibpkcyif oe m ncrio`e ibjmssy
hiri oe thi Thokoppoeis%
Mntir thi sipmrmtoce+ Tmbikm kovif woth hir
bcthir whc wms suppcrtif jy hir bmtiremk pmriets%
Hir bcthir fosgkcsif thmt Tmbikms nmthir fof ect
`ovi mey suppcrt ncr thior ghokf fispoti sivirmk
mttibpts tc fibmef% Tmbikm hmf m hmkn"sostir embif
Meem (=6 yimrs ckf/% Whi ixprissif nimr tcwmrfs hir
sostir ms thi kmttir mgtif koai m jcss tc hir koai msaoe`
hir tc `it m `kmss cn wmtir%
Tmbikm kccaif ncrwmrf tc thi vosot cn hir
nmthir% Whi smof thmt shi lust wmetif tc sii hob%
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Whi hmf m `ccf rikmtoceshop woth thi `orknroief cn hir
nmthir% Whi ivie gmkkif hir Votm Bcbby sc ms tc thi
pmrteir cn hir bcthir whcb shi mffrissif ms
Fmffy Jce`% Tmbikm mggiptif thi sotumtoce cn hir
pmriets mef wmetif thib tc ji nroiefs%
VHCY@HVW+ NIIKOE@W MEF JIHM^OCYZ
VCPMZFW TMZIEVW WITMZMVOCE
Phie msaif mjcut thi sipmrmtoce cn hir
pmriets+ shi strissif whmt hir bcthir mef
`rmefbcthir tckf hir thmt hir nmthir mkwmys stmyif
cut cn thior hcbi% Vhcu`h jincri+ shi wms ect mwmri
cn whmt wms hmppieoe` tc hir pmriets+ shi
ixprissif smfeiss ce thi sipmrmtoce cn hir pmriets%
Whi tckf thmt shi stokk wmetif jcth pmriets tc ji
tc`ithir ncr hir tc hmvi m gcbpkiti nmboky jut shi
mggiptif thi gurriet sit up cn hir pmriets% Whi lust
wmetif thib tc ji nroiefs ms bugh ms pcssojki% Whi
wms mksc smf ce thi thcu`ht thmt hir bcthir wcukf
ji nokoe` me meeukbiet m`moest hir nmthir mef wcukf
bmrry hir stipnmthir jut stokk oesostif thmt shi
uefirstccf ivirythoe`%
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TIZGIO^IF WIKN"GCEGITV
Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs
Nroiefs% Whi gkmobif tc hmvi m kct cn nroiefs% Whi
tckf thmt Ghkci mef Jireogi wiri hir jist nroiefs%
Hcwivir+ shi ixprissif tc hmvi fonnogukty oe bmaoe`
nroiefs woth cthirs ms shi fofet tmka tc thib% Whi
imsoky `ct me`ry woth cthirs ms shi thcu`ht thmt thiy
smof jmf thoe`s mjcut hir% Eivirthikiss+ shi
gcesofirif hirsikn obpcrtmet tc hir nroiefs ms thiy
gcukf tmka tc hir mjcut pirscemk bmttirs%
Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs
Wtufois% Tmbikm gcesofirif Bmth ms hir wmtirkcc%
Whi hmf koei cn sivie `rmfis oe hir Zipcrt Gmrf% Hir
bcthir mef scbitobis thior bmof wiri thi ceis
hikpoe` woth hir msso`ebiets mef prcligts% Whi
ixprissif thmt shi sikfcb ielcyif sghcckoe` ms
scbi cn hir nroiefs `ct m no`ht woth hir% Whi thcu`ht
cn stufyoe` ms hir wmy cn mttmoeoe` hir `cmks thcu`h
shi gcukf ect ofietony hir `cmks yit% Tmbikm kccaif
mt hirsikn ms m `ccf stufiet ms mggcrfoe` tc hir+ shi
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ncgusif ce kissces oe gkmss%
Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs Wikn%
Tmbikm fisgrojif hirsikn ms m wiorf pirsce% Whi
smof thmt shi mkwmys kmu`hif whirivir shi wms cr
ivie on shi wms woth hir nroiefs% Whi gcukf iothir ji
mkcei cr oe m `rcup% Whi gcesofirif hirsikn me
obpcrtmet pirsce ms shi thcu`ht thmt wothcut hir+ hir
bcthir mef sostir wiri hcpikiss% Phie thi
risimrghir prcffif hir tc ixpkmoe+ shi jigmbi
sokiet% Tmbikm stmtif thmt thi obpcrtmet thoe`s oe
hir koni wiri hir nmboky+ nroiefs mef stufois%
Phie msaif mjcut hir tmkiets cr saokks+ shi
gcukf ect embi ivie cei% Tmbikm thcu`ht cn hirsikn
ms me uekugay pirsce ms shi rimsceif cut hir sostir
whc wms jcssy tc hir mt hcbi%
Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs
Thysogmk Mttrojutis% Ce thi cthir hmef+ Tmbikm stokk
koaif jioe` hirsikn mef gcesofirif hir iyis ms
mfbormjki pmrts cn hir jcfy ivie thcu`h shi `ct
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mnnigtif jy hir uegki whc tckf thmt shi wms u`ky% Whi
ivie mffif thmt shi fofet koai hir hio`ht thcu`h ot
wms mpprcpromti ncr hir m`i%
Vhcu`hts+ niikoe`s mef jihmvocur tcwmrfs
Nmboky% Nurthirbcri+ whie shi wms msaif mjcut thi
thoe`s thmt gcbi tc hir boef mjcut hir nmthir+ shi
ixprissif thmt shi bossif mef wmetif tc sii hob%
Tmbikm ribibjirif hir bcthir ms scbicei whc
wms mkwmys woth hir mef on `ovie m ghcogi tc ghccsi
whcb fof shi wmet tc stmy+ shi wcukf stokk ghccsi
hir bcthir%
Vhi Gmsi cn TL
FIBC@ZMTHOG FMVM% TL wms m nroiefky mef me
mpprcmghmjki jcy% Hi imsoky wmrbif up woth thi
risimrghir mef cpieif up mjcut hobsikn% Hi wms
eoei yimrs ckf+ `rmfi thrii+ Gmthckog mef thi ceky
ghokf cn hos pmriets% Hi stmrtif stufyoe` oe hos gurriet
sghcck soegi Lueocr Trip kivik up tc prisiet% Hi wms
tmkk ncr hos m`i+ spcai gcenofietky+ mef m hmefscbi
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jcy% Hi wms me ieir`itog mef mgtovi stufiet oe thi
sghcck%
NMBOK_ JMGA@ZCYEF% TL kovif woth hos bcthir
mef hikpirs% Hos pmriets sipmrmtif whie hi wms
thrii yimrs ckf% TL emrrmtif thmt hos pmriets
sipmrmtif jigmusi thiy aipt ce no`htoe`% Hos bcthir
rivimkif thmt orrigcegokmjki fonniriegis+
psyghckc`ogmk oegmpmgotmtoce+ physogmk mef virjmk
mjusi wiri thi rimsces why shi figofif tc
sipmrmti woth TLs nmthir%
Jmsif ce TLs prcnoki+ hos pmriets wiri ect
bmrroif% Hos bcthir tckf thmt thiy (shi mef TLs nmthir/
hmf me cpie gcbbueogmtoce mjcut thior sce jut thiy wiri
ect nroiefs% TL `ct tc sii hos nmthir cegi m yimr furoe`
subbir cr Ghrostbms% Ot wms iothir hi wiet tc Mustrmkom
woth hos gcusoes tc vosot hos nmthir cr hos nmthir wiet tc thi
Thokoppoeis tc sii hob%
TLs bcthir wms scce tc `it bmrroif woth
hir nomegi whoki TLs nmthir hmf m `orknroief% Hos
nmthir risofif oe Mustrmkom mef ivietumkky jigmbi ots
gotozie whoki hos bcthir wcraif ms me Mssostmet
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Troegopmk oe cei cn thi Oetiremtocemk Wghccks oe thi
gcuetry%
Mntir thi sipmrmtoce+ thi gcurt `mvi thi
gustcfy cn TL tc hos bcthir% Hos bcthir smof thmt
TLs nmthir wms viry suppcrtovi tc thior ghokf
noemegomkky mef ibctocemkky% TL kccaif ncrwmrf tc thi
vosot cn hos nmthir ms hi `ct ixgotif ce thi tcys mef
`mf`its thmt hos nmthir wcukf juy ncr hob% TL m`riif
on jcth hos pmriets wcukf hmvi thior cwe nmboky ms hi
metogopmtif thi wiffoe` cn hos bcthir tc hir scce tc
ji stipnmthir% Ms cjsirvif jy hos bcthir+ TL mef
hir pmrteir wiri viry gcbncrtmjki woth imgh cthir
mef ielcyif imgh cthirs gcbpmey% Nurthirbcri+ TL
ixprissif hos im`ireiss tc hmvi jrcthirs mef
sostirs% Oe nmgt+ hi wms mkwmys hmppy tc biit thi
fmu`htir cn hos scce tc ji stipnmthir tc pkmy woth hir%
VHCY@HVW+ NIIKOE@W MEF JIHM^OCYZ
VCPMZFW TMZIEVW WITMZMVOCE
Ypce rimkozoe` thi sipmrmtoce cn hos pmriets+ TL
groif mef `ct bmf mt hos pmriets% Hi jkmbif hos pmriets
ncr whmt hmppieif tc thior nmboky% Hi fofet tmka tc hos
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pmriets ncr ncur wiias jigmusi cn hos me`ir% Hos bcthir
fosgkcsif thmt TL jigmbi tcc gkoe`y mt norst mef mttrojutif
ot tc thi ghokfs nimr tc kcsi h os bcthir mksc% Whi smof thmt
TL hmf m fonnogukty bmem`oe` hos ibctoces mef bcst cn thi
tobi hmf tmetrubs% TL emrrmtif thmt thiri wiri tobis
whie hi prinirrif tc skiip mkcei cr woth bmof oe hos rccb%
Jut whie ot wms ixpkmoeif tc hob jy jcth pmriets+ hi
skcwky uefirstccf mef mggiptif hos sotumtoce%
Phie hos nmthir kint ncr m lcj oe Mustrmkom+ TL
bossif hob mef thcu`ht cn `coe` tc hos bmtiremk
`rmefbcthir mef gcusoes% Hi smof thmt hi lust
wmetif tc sii mef pkmy woth thib%
TL mggiptif mkrimfy thmt hi hmf sipmrmtif
pmriets+ mef hi prinirrif tc ji woth thos sit up ms hos
nmthir wms imreoe` m kct tc suppcrt hob mntir thi
sipmrmtoce% Hi wms mksc hmppy thmt hos bcthir wcukf
bmrry hos scce tc ji stipnmthir mef wcukf ji hos
nmboky% TL smof thmt hi fofet `it ievocus tc thcsi
whc hmf gcbpkiti nmbokois jut scbitobis hi `ct smf
jigmusi