maritime security in south pacific

8/9/2019 Maritime Security in South Pacific

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Why South Pacific?

The South Pacific countries area more than 30 million square kilometres,but occupy less than two percent of that area

Twenty percent of the worlds languages and cultures exist in the PacificIslands, but only one per cent of the worlds population

They have rich national resources, such as mining and fishing, also farmproduction

South pacific also is very interesting region in the world. It consists ofhundred islands and few big powers present at there, such as USA,France, UK and others

David Raja Marpaung. AssociateLecture University of Indonesia,

also Indonesia Politic and DefenseConsultant. Email:


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Wheres the Region..?




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The Members and PoliticsAffiliation

Island Political Affiliation

American Samoa USA territoryCook Islands Free association with NZ

Federates States of Micronesia Free association with USA

Fiji Independent

French Polynesia Overseas Territory of France

Guam USA Territory

Kiribati Independent

Marshall Islands Free association with USA

Nauru Independent

New Caledonia Overseas Territory of France

Niue Self Governing in Free association with NZ

Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth of the USA

Palau Free association with USA

Papua New Guinea Independent

Pitcairn Islands Dependency of the UK

Samoa IndependentSolomon Islands Independent

Tokelau Territory of NZ

Tonga Independent

Tuvalu Independent

Vanuatu Independent

Wallis and Futuna Overseas Territory of France

Australia Independent

New Zealand Independent




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Recent Problems?

This paper will explore and analyze theeffort and cooperation to countertransnational crime in order to protect

maritime security

The presence of big powers in South Pacificalso colouring the maritime security inregion. How about the influence of bigpowers in south pacific area




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Tools Analysis

Barry Buzan argues that the term security consists of fivedimensions:

Military dimensions: involves the military capability/military build upof one state both conventional and non-conventional, militaryideology, personnel etc.

Political dimensions: Involves the efforts to preserve political process,political system, and states ideology. Economic dimension determines access to resources, market,

finances and provide the decisive basis for political influence andmilitary power.

Societal dimension including cultural values is less tangible but noless significant for security. It provides the atmosphere in which the

values will affect the behavior of one state in the internationalsystem.

Environmental dimension concerns the maintenance of the planetarybiosphere as the essential support system on which all other humanenterprises demand.




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SWOT Technique

SWOT is an acronym for strength, weakness,opportunity, and threat.

Strength is positive tangible and intangibleattributes which included internal factor.

Weakness means factors that are within anorganizations control that detract from itsability to attain the desired goal.

Opportunity is External attractive factors thatrepresent the reason for an organization to

exist and develop. Threat is external factors, beyond an

organizations control, which could place theorganization mission or operation at risk




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Power Matrix

Analyse the capability of state or region to defend against threat,and the level of external security threat.

High Low

High 1Balance of Power

Deterrence

(Cold War or ColdPeace)

4Hegemony

Emergence of Non-traditional Security

agenda

Low 2

Small states faced bymajor rivals: Insecurity

and vulnerability

3

Warm peace amongdemocracies

Isolated small states

CapacityTo Defend

Againstthem

Presence of External Security threats




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5 Dimension Analysis

Political Economical Social Environment Military

1. Internal

violence

2. Corruption

3. Political

instability

1. High cost

economy

2. Slow

economic

growth3. Economical

instability

1. Conflict

getting warm

easily

2. Number of

people with theHIV/AIDS

increase

3. Criminal

number also

getting higherand often

horrified

1. Marine

hazard

1. Strengthen

their

maritime

forces

throughpatrol boat

2. PTCCC

3. TCU




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SWOT Analysis

Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat

1. South Pacific is

rich of natural

resources

2. Comprises a lotof nation states

1. Destabilize

political condition

2. Very

dependent to theother country

1. Exclusive

Economic Zone

(EEZ)

2. GeographicalPosition

3. Regional

Cooperation

1. Drug trafficking

2. Illegal

migration and

people smuggling3. Illegal,

unregulated, and

unreported fishing




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Cooperation Against Threat

The PTCCCPacific Islands Forum at June 2004 establish the Pacific

Transnational Crime Coordination Centre (PTCCC). The PTCCC wasoriginally located in Suva (Fiji) but moved to Apia (Samoa) in

2008. PTCCC roles: To provide a proactive transnational criminal intelligence

capability to Pacific Region Law Enforcement Agencies

Management and coordination of intelligence generated by TCUUnit

To facilitate and enhance the exchange of law enforcementintelligence throughout the Pacific Region

Engagement with broader Pacific Law Enforcement Agencies-Customs, Immigration & Police




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FFAForum Fisheries Agency broadened its focus in recent times and recognizes it has a

wider role to play in maritime security

The vessel monitoring system (VMS) by FFA with an Automatic LocationCommunicator (ALC), which sends a signal (via satellite) to FFA. Any foreignfishing vessel that wishes to apply for a licence to fish in waters of an FFAmember

RMP under the Pacific CommunityThe Regional Maritime Programme (RMP) works with the maritime sector of

countries and territories to review and update maritime legislation and facilitatetraining to ensure that all seafarers meet required qualifications and standards




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Vehicle Support under South Pacific ForumThe PICs response capability is mainly provided by the patrol boats supplied by

Australia Twenty-two boats have now been donated by Australia to twelve

recipient countries. These vessels have a length of 31.5 metres, a topspeed of 21 knots, a range of 2,500 miles (at 12 knots and nil fuelremaining) and a complement of 17




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Presence of Big Powers




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United States

The United States is a key stakeholder in maritime security in the Pacificthrough the Territory of Guam, its Territory of American Samoa and the

Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas and its Compacts of FreeAssociation with the former US Trust Territories of Micronesia: Palau,Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) and the Marshall Islands.

The US Navy and US Coast Guard (USCG) have provided assistance with airsurveillance and occasional visits by USCG cutters have provided theopportunity for training assistance to local maritime security forces

The Joint Interagency Task Force West (JIATF West), based in Hawaii, playsan important role in fostering intelligence collection special eport andmaritime security cooperation in the Pacific.




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FranceFrance has the overseas collectivises of New Caledonia, French Polynesia and

Wallis and Futuna. The French Navy provides some air surveillancesupport, especially to Vanuatu and in the southern Solomon, around FrenchPolynesia and a small effort in the Cook Islands. The French navy has acouple of deployments each year from their tier two ships staying within a1500NM radius (approx) of their operating bases.

ChinaChina is becoming much more actively involved in the PICs,

particularly in the two largest regional countries, Papua New Guineaand Fiji. It has wiped out all PIC debt of about US$700 million overthree years and built facilities in Tonga for the Forum Leaders

meeting in October 2007. While much of this activity is chequebook diplomacy to counter Taiwanese influence




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JapanJapan is one country with a major stake in the region but so far has not been

involved in cooperative arrangements to any great extent despite having

significant skills and resources to assist in capacity building for regionalmaritime security. Through the Japan Coast Guard, Japan has been veryactive in Southeast Asia in assisting to build the capacity of countries in thatregion to deal with piracy and the threat of maritime terrorism

TaiwanTaiwan has diplomatic relations with Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau,Solomon Islands and Tuvalu. Taiwan holds regular regional naval visits tothose recognizing it (two frigate/destroyer size vessels and onereplenishment vessel). They have had coastguard-type vessels apparentlyon patrol from time to time in the EEZs of some of the Micronesian states




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Power Relation in Security Cooperation

Inter South Pacific

PacificIsland

Countries

Australia and

New Zealand

Hegemony




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South Pacific Countries and ExternalPowers

Big Power CountriesSouth PacificCountries

Balance of Powers




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Recommendation

PTCCC should broadening its function, not just as sharing in informationand intelligence, but also regional act and arrest right

South Pacific Countries should establish strong maritime regionalcoordination through all regional organizations

Coastal patrol vessel need to be operated by the PICs at a national level in

order to decrease dependency to the big power countries Australia should consider giving more support through AusAID to support

development of maritime security system in south pacific region

There should be more balances of power in south pacific area, so thecapability of each country to counter threat or transnational crime becomes

better




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also Indonesia Politic and DefenseConsultant Email:

maritime security in south pacific

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