mario zucchelli station, antarctica geomagnetic observatory · 2018. 3. 2. · mario zucchelli...

NATIONAL ANTARCTIC RESEARCH PROGRAM

Mario Zucchelli Station, Antarctica

Geomagnetic Observatory

Magnetic Observation Results

2013-2014

L. Cafarella, M. Di Persio, S. Lepidi, M. Marzocchetti and

L. Santarelli

2017

- 1 -

Geomagnetic Observation Results 2013-2014

Mario Zucchelli Station - Antarctica

Introduction

This report deals with activities undertaken at the Antarctic Italian Geomagnetic Observatory during

the austral summer 2013-2014.

The coordinates of the Observatory at OASI are the following:

Geographic latitude: 74.6936S

Geographic longitude: 164.0975E

Corrected Geomagnetic latitude (IGRF12): 79.85S

Corrected Geomagnetic longitude (IGRF12): 306.61E

Magnetic local time midnight: 08:17 UT

This report describes the activities performed from November 2, 2013 to December 3, 2013.

For the present work H, D and Z INTERMAGNET formatted data from the fluxgate magnetometer

EDA have been used.

The proton precession magnetometers used to record F total values were Overhauser type; for a

description of instruments we refer to geomagnetism text books, for example Parkinson (1983) and

Wienert (1970).

Since the total intensity F time variations, at polar latitudes, where values of inclination is almost

90, are very close to the vertical component Z time variations, the plots of total intensity time

variations are not shown. They can however be obtained from the well known equation:

F2=H2+Z2

Absolute measurements

For the normal absolute measurements-taking at the Observatory, a standard fluxgate magnetometer

theodolite for the determination of D, I angles has been used.

At OASI three different azimuth marks are available, for the computation of the Declination (please

refer to the 2001/2002 report for details). The coordinates of geodetic points (mark piers and

measuring location) were established on the basis of GPS measurements. From these coordinates

the azimuth values 152° 44’ 04’’, 60° 13’ 36’’ and 338° 07’ 59’’ were found.

The proton magnetometer recordings, continuously undertaken during the execution of the DI

measurements, have allowed the calculation of the absolute intensive elements.

Table 1 shows absolute measurement values for each element; the values of the intensive

components H and Z (rounded off to the nT) were computed using the relations:

H = Fcos I

Z = Fsin I

- 2 -

H0 and D0 reference values computation

Since the fluxgate was magnetically oriented in the horizontal plane, as in the previous installations,

it was necessary to compute H0 and D0 reference values, comparing absolute and relative

measurements, at the same time. For the Z component, once the vertical levelling of the sensor was

assured, it was assumed that the variations measured by fluxgate were actually the vertical

component of the geomagnetic field variations.

In the description the mathematical procedure used for computation of H0 and D0, the following

symbols are used:

H0, D0 Reference values

Habs, Dabs Values of absolute measurements at time t

x,y Instantaneous variations recorded by fluxgate system at time t

For each absolute measurement, the reference values were computed as:

H0 = Habs cos() - x

D0 = Dabs -

where

= arcsin (y/Habs)

In order to reduce this dispersion in the set, the Chauvenet criterion was used. The method, based on

the hypothesis of a Gauss probability distribution for the data, consists in the elimination of

measurements whose difference from the average is greater than a multiple of the standard deviation

fixed by the sample dimension (in this case a value 2.89 σ, corresponding to a sample of about 108

data elements, was used). This method, however, cannot be applied more than once, since an

iterative procedure could exclude most of the values up to the complete elimination of the data

(Worthing and Jeffner, 1943).

The average values of H0 and D0 are:

H0 = (80283) nT

D0 = (136.040.01) deg

Daily base lines computation

After H0 and D0 reference values are found, the computation of the base lines in relation to absolute

measurements and then the computation of the daily base lines for all days, can follow. The

available data are the H, D and Z magnetic element variations recorded by fluxgate system

(sampling rate 1 minute) and the absolute measurements recorded from November 2, 2013 to

December 3, 2013.

- 3 -

The base lines computation was undertaken by two different procedures. In the case of Z, assuming

that the fluxgate recordings show the variations of the vertical components, the base line (BZ) was

computed as the difference between the absolute measurements (Zabs) and the fluxgate

measurements (z). On the other hand, in the case of H and D, the magnetic orientation of the

fluxgate system axes was taken into account. Using H0 and D0 reference values, the H and D base

lines were computed for each absolute measurement as:

BH = Habs – [(H0+x) 2 + y2]1/2

BD = Dabs – D0 – arctg[y/(x+ H0)]

Mean daily values of the base lines were obtained for those days in which more than one absolute

measurement was available.

In order to have a daily base line for each magnetic element, a linear regression analysis using the

least squares method has been undertaken. The results are shown in Fig. 1, where the experimental

data, as well as the best fit lines are reported.

Using the daily base lines, one minute values for the three field elements H, D and Z were computed

as:

H = [(H0+x) 2 + y2]1/2 + BH

D = D0 + arctg[y/(x+ H0)] + BD

Z = z + BZ

To reduce the measurements to the old site subtracting the following gradient:

ΔH=-1.5 nT

ΔD=13.0’

ΔZ=0.7 nT

In Tables 2, 3, 4 all the hourly and daily averages and the total mean values for the H, D and Z

elements on the entire measuring period (from November 2, 2013 to December 3, 2013) are

reported; the relative plots are shown in Fig. 2. The plots of the one minute data follow in

succession.

Geomagnetic field trend (1987-2014)

The availability of a long series of data since 1987 allows to evaluate the geomagnetic field trend.

For each antarctic campaign we computed the average value of H, D, Z and F over the time period

in which the absolute measurements were performed. In Fig. 19 we show these values together with

the corresponding IGRF values obtained from the web site: http://www.geomag.bgs.ac.uk.

- 4 -

References

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Baskaradas J. A., L. Cafarella, M. Di Persio, S. Lepidi, M. Pietrolungo and L. Santarelli, 2012,

Geomagnetic Observation results 2010-2011, National Antarctic Research Program, PNRA, 26p.

http://roma2.rm.ingv.it/it/risorse/banche_dati/32/dati_osservatorio_di_stazione_mario_zucchelli/46/

annuari

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34p.


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PNRA, 54p.

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Observation results 1993-1994, National Antarctic Research Program, PNRA, 71p.

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Bozzo E., G. Caneva, A. Meloni, P. Palangio, L. Perrone and G. Romeo, 1994, Geomagnetic

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Cafarella L., M. Chiappini, A. Meloni and P. Palangio, 1997, Geomagnetic Observation results


Cafarella L., D. Di Mauro, S. Lepidi, L. Magno, A. Meloni, P. Palangio, L. Santarelli and

A.Zirizzotti, 2007, Geomagnetic Observation results 2001-2002 / 2002-2003, National Antarctic

Research Program, PNRA, 66p.


annuari

Cafarella L., D. Di Mauro, S. Lepidi, L. Magno, A. Meloni, P. Palangio, L. Santarelli and

A.Zirizzotti, 2007, Geomagnetic Observation results 2003-2004 / 2004-2005, National Antarctic

Research Program, PNRA, 36p.


annuari

Cafarella L., D. Di Mauro, S. Lepidi, A. Meloni, P. Palangio, L. Santarelli and A. Zirizzotti, 2004,


Cafarella L., S. Lepidi, A. Meloni and P. Palangio, 1998, Geomagnetic Observation results 1995-

1996, National Antarctic Research Program, PNRA, 55p.

Cafarella L., S. Lepidi, A. Meloni and P. Palangio, 1998, Geomagnetic Observation results 1996-

1997, National Antarctic Research Program, PNRA, 56p.

http://roma2.rm.ingv.it/it/risorse/banche_dati/32/dati_osservatorio_di_stazione_mario_zucchelli/46/annuari










- 5 -

Cafarella L., S. Lepidi, A. Meloni, P. Palangio, M. Pietrolungo and L. Santarelli, 2011,



annuari

Cafarella L., S. Lepidi, A. Meloni, P. Palangio, M. Pietrolungo and L. Santarelli, 2011,



annuari

Cafarella L., S. Lepidi, A. Meloni, P. Palangio, M. Pietrolungo, L. Santarelli and J. A. Baskaradas,


25p.


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Cafarella L., S. Lepidi, A. Meloni, P. Palangio, M. Pietrolungo, L. Santarelli and A. Zirizzotti, 2008,



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Cafarella L., S. Lepidi, A. Meloni, P. Palangio, M. Pietrolungo, L. Santarelli and A. Zirizzotti, 2008,



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Cafarella L., S. Lepidi, A. Meloni, P. Palangio and L. Santarelli, 2002, Geomagnetic Observation

results 1998-1999, National Antarctic Research Program, PNRA, 61p.

Parkinson, W. D., 1983. Introduction to Geomagnetism. Scottish Academic Press. Edinburgh,

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Wienert, K. A., 1970. Notes on Geomagnetic Observatory and survey practice, Unesco, Parigi.

Worthing, A. G., Jeffner J., 1943. Treatment of experimental data, John Wiley, New York.











- 6 -

Table captions

Table 1: Absolute measurement values 2013/2014

Table 2: Horizontal intensity hourly and daily means (from November 2 to December 3, 2013)

Table 3: Declination hourly and daily means (from November 2 to December 3, 2013)

Table 4: Vertical intensity hourly and daily means

(from November 2 to December 3, 2013)

- 7 -

Figure Captions

Fig 1: Scatter plot and linear regression for daily H, D and Z1 base lines.

Fig 2: Hourly means of the H, D and Z1 elements during the whole campaign.

Fig. 3 – 18: Daily plots of the one minute values of the H, D and Z1 elements.

Fig. 19: Geomagnetic field trend since 1987.

1 Z values must be considered negative

- 8 -

TNB Geomagnetic Observatory

Mean values

(-)

Campaign H(nT) D(deg min) Z(nT) F(nT)

1986/1987 7391 136 49 64494 64916

1987/1988 7432 136 54 64452 64879

1988/1989 7444 136 40 64355 64784

1989/1990 7509 136 48 64325 64762

1990/1991 7522 136 45 64254 64693

1991/1992 7564 136 29 64228 64672

1992/1993 7582 136 40 64166 64612

1993/1994 7610 136 41 64148 64598

1994/1995 7643 136 46 64112 64566

1995/1996 7682 136 29 64062 64521

1996/1997 7716 136 33 64018 64481

1997/1998 7756 136 27 63979 64447

1998/1999 7789 136 24 63932 64405

1999/2000 7829 136 14 63886 64364

2000/2001 7861 136 18 63848 64330

2001/2002 7889 136 02 63794 64280

2002/2003 7916 135 58 63761 64251

2003/2004 7929 135 48 63729 64220

2004/2005 7976 135 47 63697 64194

2005/2006 8002 135 40 63624 64125

2006/2007 8027 135 44 63587 64092

2007/2008 8062 135 38 63521 64031

2008/2009 8102 135 20 63467 63981

2009/2010 8136 135 14 63417 63936

2010/2011 8181 135 09 63370 63897

2011/2012 8231 134 41 63306 63840

2012/2013 8264 134 42 63292 63828

2013/2014 8316 134 27 63235 63779

- 9 -

Table 1

TNB Geomagnetic Observatory

Absolute measurements 2013/2014

D (+) I (-) (+) (+) (-)

date beg end D beg end I F H Z

julian day (UT) (deg min) (UT) (deg min) (nT) (nT) (nT)

306 02:40 02:44 134 41.0 02:47 02:52 82 28.0 63710 8346 63161

306 02:58 03:02 134 46.0 03:04 03:08 82 27.0 63725 8365 63174

306 05:37 05:41 134 42.0 05:43 05:47 82 26.0 63765 8395 63210

306 05:52 05:56 134 37.0 05:58 06:01 82 25.0 63769 8398 63214

306 20:10 20:13 134 15.0 20:15 20:18 82 32.0 63821 8291 63280

306 20:30 20:33 133 54.0 20:35 20:39 82 31.0 63784 8290 63243

306 20:42 20:46 133 52.0 20:48 20:51 82 32.0 63781 8288 63240

306 21:01 21:04 133 52.0 21:06 21:09 82 31.0 63745 8298 63203

307 23:18 23:21 134 43.0 23:23 23:27 82 30.0 63726 8301 63183

307 23:32 23:35 134 31.0 23:37 23:40 82 30.0 63722 8313 63178

307 23:44 23:47 134 31.0 23:49 23:53 82 30.0 63720 8317 63174

309 02:56 02:59 135 03.0 03:01 03:05 82 28.0 63679 8339 63130

309 03:09 03:12 135 05.0 03:14 03:18 82 27.0 63703 8366 63152

309 03:23 03:26 135 05.0 03:28 03:33 82 26.0 63713 8387 63159

309 03:40 03:43 135 05.0 03:45 03:49 82 26.0 63710 8389 63155

310 05:53 05:56 134 28.0 05:58 06:02 82 29.0 63787 8335 63240

310 06:05 06:08 134 25.0 06:10 06:13 82 29.0 63787 8337 63240

310 06:15 06:19 134 27.0 06:21 06:24 82 29.0 63787 8340 63240

310 06:28 06:31 134 30.0 06:33 06:36 82 29.0 63789 8341 63241

311 04:43 04:46 135 14.0 04:48 04:51 82 24.0 63780 8418 63222

311 04:57 05:00 135 05.0 05:02 05:05 82 23.0 63784 8438 63223

311 05:11 05:15 134 57.0 05:17 05:21 82 21.0 63807 8478 63242

311 05:25 05:28 134 42.0 05:30 05:33 82 20.0 63820 8512 63249

312 05:17 05:20 134 18.0 05:22 05:26 82 25.0 63759 8408 63202

312 05:29 05:32 134 16.0 05:34 05:37 82 25.0 63762 8406 63205

312 05:39 05:42 134 18.0 05:44 05:48 82 26.0 63755 8392 63200

312 05:51 05:54 134 21.0 05:56 05:59 82 26.0 63752 8393 63197

313 05:40 05:42 135 06.0 05:44 05:47 82 15.0 63777 8598 63195

313 05:51 05:53 134 39.0 05:55 05:58 82 17.0 63751 8551 63175

313 06:01 06:03 134 40.0 06:05 06:08 82 19.0 63756 8522 63184

313 06:15 06:17 134 52.0 06:19 06:23 82 19.0 63767 8521 63195

314 05:27 05:30 134 37.0 05:32 05:35 82 28.0 63786 8361 63236

314 05:38 05:42 134 34.0 05:44 05:47 82 28.0 63789 8354 63239

314 05:50 05:53 134 31.0 05:55 05:59 82 28.0 63787 8353 63238

314 06:01 06:04 134 20.0 06:06 06:09 82 28.0 63786 8354 63236

315 07:26 07:29 134 23.0 07:31 07:34 82 22.0 63820 8476 63254

315 07:37 07:40 134 19.0 07:42 07:45 82 23.0 63810 8456 63247

316 05:10 05:12 134 31.0 05:14 05:17 82 27.0 63762 8366 63210

316 05:21 05:24 134 36.0 05:26 05:29 82 28.0 63747 8357 63197

316 05:32 05:35 134 32.0 05:37 05:41 82 27.0 63751 8360 63200

316 05:44 05:47 134 33.0 05:49 05:52 82 27.0 63755 8362 63205

318 04:28 04:31 134 25.0 04:33 04:36 82 28.0 63773 8350 63224

318 04:40 04:43 134 23.0 04:45 04:49 82 28.0 63775 8354 63225

318 05:14 05:17 134 20.0 05:19 05:22 82 28.0 63786 8349 63238

318 05:28 05:31 134 17.0 05:33 05:36 82 29.0 63781 8338 63234

318 04:38 04:40 134 37.0 04:42 04:45 82 20.0 63775 8499 63207

319 05:21 05:24 134 29.0 05:25 05:29 82 23.0 63730 8439 63169

319 05:31 05:33 134 27.0 05:35 05:38 82 23.0 63733 8436 63172

- 10 -

319 05:41 05:44 134 34.0 05:46 05:50 82 23.0 63741 8447 63179

320 05:19 05:21 134 11.0 05:23 05:27 82 24.0 63749 8422 63190

320 05:29 05:32 134 02.0 05:34 05:37 82 25.0 63742 8399 63187

320 05:39 05:41 134 06.0 05:43 05:46 82 26.0 63741 8391 63186

320 05:48 05:50 134 05.0 05:52 05:55 82 27.0 63743 8374 63190

321 05:25 05:27 134 23.0 05:29 05:32 82 25.0 63747 8408 63190

321 05:35 05:37 134 31.0 05:39 05:42 82 25.0 63746 8408 63190

321 05:45 05:47 134 34.0 05:49 05:52 82 25.0 63746 8405 63189

322 06:10 06:12 134 23.0 06:14 06:16 82 24.0 63782 8424 63223

322 06:18 06:20 134 21.0 06:22 06:25 82 25.0 63779 8415 63221

322 06:26 06:29 134 17.0 06:30 06:33 82 25.0 63773 8405 63216

322 06:34 06:37 134 18.0 06:39 06:42 82 25.0 63769 8401 63213

323 05:09 05:12 134 16.0 05:14 05:17 82 27.0 63759 8371 63207

323 05:19 05:21 134 15.0 05:23 05:26 82 27.0 63762 8367 63210

323 05:27 05:29 134 15.0 05:31 05:33 82 28.0 63759 8359 63209

323 05:37 05:39 134 21.0 05:41 05:43 82 28.0 63758 8349 63209

324 05:34 05:37 134 16.0 05:39 05:42 82 28.0 63748 8350 63199

324 05:47 05:50 134 07.0 05:52 05:54 82 27.0 63758 8367 63207

324 05:57 05:59 134 01.0 06:01 06:04 82 27.0 63738 8372 63185

324 06:07 06:09 133 59.0 06:11 06:14 82 25.0 63741 8398 63185

325 05:12 05:14 134 22.0 05:16 05:19 82 27.0 63749 8365 63198

325 05:20 05:23 134 21.0 05:25 05:27 82 27.0 63756 8369 63204

325 05:29 05:31 134 16.0 05:33 05:35 82 27.0 63756 8367 63205

325 05:37 05:39 134 12.0 05:41 05:43 82 27.0 63756 8360 63205

326 03:53 03:55 134 12.0 03:57 04:00 82 27.0 63724 8362 63173

326 04:01 04:03 134 13.0 04:05 04:07 82 27.0 63739 8370 63187

326 04:09 04:11 134 11.0 04:13 04:16 82 27.0 63747 8363 63196

326 04:18 04:20 134 07.0 04:21 04:24 82 27.0 63746 8358 63196

328 20:11 20:13 134 37.0 20:15 20:18 82 32.0 63785 8287 63244

328 20:21 20:23 134 26.0 20:25 20:28 82 33.0 63814 8270 63276

328 20:30 20:32 134 16.0 20:34 20:37 82 33.0 63803 8268 63265

328 20:39 20:41 134 23.0 20:43 20:46 82 33.0 63792 8269 63254

330 03:41 03:44 134 32.0 03:45 03:48 82 29.0 63758 8339 63211

330 03:51 03:54 134 33.0 03:56 03:58 82 28.0 63756 8344 63208

330 04:00 04:03 134 31.0 04:04 04:07 82 28.0 63752 8343 63203

330 04:09 04:11 134 32.0 04:13 04:16 82 28.0 63752 8346 63203

331 05:18 05:21 134 21.0 05:23 05:26 82 28.0 63784 8344 63235

331 05:28 05:30 134 19.0 05:32 05:35 82 28.0 63791 8346 63243

331 05:37 05:39 134 18.0 05:41 05:44 82 29.0 63785 8336 63238

331 05:47 05:49 134 21.0 05:51 05:54 82 29.0 63788 8334 63241

332 03:23 03:25 134 15.0 03:27 03:30 82 26.0 63776 8384 63222

332 03:32 03:34 134 15.0 03:36 03:38 82 28.0 63776 8359 63226

332 03:40 03:42 134 14.0 03:44 03:47 82 28.0 63774 8347 63225

332 03:49 03:51 134 11.0 03:53 03:56 82 29.0 63775 8341 63228

333 03:46 03:49 135 01.0 03:51 03:53 82 26.0 63702 8377 63149

333 03:56 03:58 135 01.0 04:00 04:04 82 26.0 63706 8378 63153

333 04:07 04:09 135 02.0 04:11 04:14 82 25.0 63714 8392 63159

333 04:16 04:18 135 05.0 04:20 04:22 82 26.0 63697 8387 63142

334 04:07 04:10 134 56.0 04:12 04:15 82 29.0 63797 8332 63251

334 04:17 04:19 134 48.0 04:21 04:24 82 29.0 63798 8335 63251

334 04:27 04:29 134 45.0 04:31 04:34 82 28.0 63797 8351 63248

334 04:36 04:39 134 54.0 04:40 04:43 82 28.0 63797 8356 63247

336 03:55 03:57 134 26.0 03:59 04:02 82 27.0 63778 8373 63226

336 04:05 04:07 134 24.0 04:09 04:11 82 27.0 63763 8366 63212

336 04:13 04:15 134 14.0 04:17 04:19 82 27.0 63776 8376 63223

336 04:21 04:23 134 13.0 04:24 04:26 82 27.0 63772 8365 63221

337 03:58 04:00 135 05.0 04:02 04:05 82 28.0 63759 8358 63208

337 04:07 04:09 135 01.0 04:11 04:14 82 28.0 63755 8344 63207

337 04:16 04:18 135 07.0 04:19 04:22 82 28.0 63748 8341 63200

337 04:24 04:27 135 06.0 04:28 04:31 82 27.0 63755 8359 63205

- 11 -

Table 2

TNB Antarctica, Italian Geomagnetic Observatory

Hourly H values (nT) from Nov 2 to Dec 3, 2013

UT 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 DAILY MEAN

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

julian day

306 8312 8335 8345 8377 8386 8407 8388 8366 8344 8326 8316 8311

8304 8295 8296 8306 8300 8292 8293 8293 8289 8311 8226 8274 8321

307 8298 8306 8348 8369 8400 8437 8455 8388 8352 8332 8306 8283

8296 8302 8293 8292 8299 8300 8272 8278 8232 8212 8281 8300 8318

308 8319 8342 8351 8342 8340 8369 8406 8357 8343 8332 8349 8320

8308 8306 8304 8262 8227 8233 8212 8220 8254 8289 8272 8279 8306

309 8328 8353 8326 8375 8391 8390 8374 8354 8353 8350 8336 8330

8311 8303 8285 8276 8260 8257 8271 8241 8228 8278 8263 8278 8313

310 8297 8321 8319 8344 8349 8347 8341 8365 8350 8319 8303 8287

8304 8294 8294 8299 8280 8265 8240 8239 8197 8204 8234 8249 8292

311 8290 8331 8341 8344 8383 8514 8487 8424 8425 8394 8370 8286

8276 8263 8269 8305 8308 8317 8341 8312 8299 8278 8258 8263 8337

312 8303 8297 8361 8392 8409 8404 8396 8344 8316 8321 8312 8301

8302 8301 8295 8309 8291 8295 8303 8316 8313 8282 8262 8290 8321

313 8363 8388 8422 8471 8542 8614 8533 8501 8462 8421 8369 8319

8280 8248 8244 8232 8234 8230 8269 8306 8269 8307 8263 8255 8356

314 8284 8278 8335 8312 8342 8362 8345 8360 8391 8360 8378 8305

8278 8296 8287 8263 8250 8217 8238 8197 8170 8075 8117 8176 8276

315 8181 8265 8321 8382 8516 8559 8527 8469 8407 8375 8391 8358

8311 8298 8234 8231 8242 8204 8204 8376 8311 8323 8311 8323 8338

316 8357 8437 8451 8432 8374 8362 8343 8330 8340 8304 8298 8325

8291 8284 8280 8296 8292 8293 8278 8303 8296 8295 8280 8294 8326

317 8308 8320 9999 8361 8374 8390 8405 8384 8359 8344 8344 8318

8327 8283 8300 8274 8251 8244 8236 8229 8296 8301 8287 8294 8314

318 8320 8340 8349 8353 8352 8345 8337 8343 8351 8346 8333 8322

8308 8288 8290 8292 8290 8239 8292 8272 8289 8275 8266 8262 8311

319 8261 8319 8349 8400 8494 8448 8425 8407 8405 8392 8361 8342

8311 8281 8273 8248 8241 8233 8244 8232 8191 8183 8099 8145 8304

320 8161 8210 8325 8386 8413 8407 8337 8349 8369 8357 8317 8353

8300 8261 8265 8286 8294 8319 8340 8368 8298 8227 8237 8415 8318

321 8405 8344 8388 8384 8384 8403 8435 8441 8391 8344 8353 8316

8317 8295 8280 8285 8287 8297 8284 8281 8254 8268 8293 8288 8334

322 8333 8357 8372 8367 8364 8376 8413 8404 8380 8349 8313 8312

8316 8307 8303 8286 8296 8298 8289 8310 8288 8291 8301 8302 8330

323 8313 8319 8340 8364 8385 8359 8358 8343 8324 8309 8317 8316

8312 8311 8295 8279 8295 8239 8243 8259 8291 8280 8304 8295 8310

324 8289 8336 8377 8373 8405 8381 8388 8384 8404 8384 8359 8350

8303 8285 8294 8295 8303 8316 8320 8305 8309 8293 8280 8304 8335

325 8335 8361 8375 8354 8358 8365 8366 8341 8329 8313 8306 8317

8319 8305 8285 8284 8287 8295 8306 8311 8288 8297 8274 8291 8319

326 8279 8326 8355 8367 8363 8358 8355 8338 8325 8294 8297 8312

8308 8305 8302 8291 8293 8286 8231 8247 8252 8298 8319 8335 8310

327 8338 8336 8346 8373 8440 8446 8427 8453 8430 8399 8357 8344

8310 8293 8284 8281 8283 8281 8278 8328 8283 8289 8294 8319 8342

328 8331 8351 8371 8351 8335 8340 8362 8354 8335 8327 8345 8323

8320 8298 8312 8311 8323 8314 8289 8285 8275 8298 8324 8315 8325

329 8336 8332 8346 8360 8351 8352 8353 8356 8345 8324 8329 8333

8333 8314 8297 8290 8292 8289 8283 8297 8319 8308 8306 8318 8323

330 8327 8341 8337 8343 8354 8356 8345 8330 8323 8323 8322 8308

8304 8302 8300 8288 8310 8295 8276 8267 8242 8259 8295 8318 8311

331 8338 8351 8359 8346 8355 8344 8341 8324 8316 8307 8299 8306

8297 8297 8290 8291 8294 8309 8316 8327 8305 8302 8306 8320 8318

332 8341 8352 8362 8367 8350 8355 8351 8335 8323 8321 8324 8326

8301 8299 8296 8263 8260 8228 8203 8203 8194 8226 8252 8272 8296

- 12 -

333 8291 8314 8330 8373 8386 8378 8382 8400 8386 8341 8347 8314

8292 8266 8285 8260 8224 8244 8211 8176 8162 8285 8291 8283 8301

334 8271 8301 8284 8306 8342 8373 8410 8406 8393 8368 8347 8313

8254 8268 8274 8207 8205 8190 8212 8208 8186 8105 8092 8160 8270

335 8245 8296 8269 8343 8412 8372 8473 8464 8390 8321 8285 8257

8284 8291 8281 8290 8277 8287 8325 8328 8314 8290 8269 8251 8317

336 8275 8338 8357 8372 8362 8336 8339 8355 8326 8338 8294 8279

8289 8280 8285 8279 8268 8228 8234 8227 8245 8272 8278 8304 8298

337 8325 8326 8328 8337 8353 8351 8346 8327 8364 8396 8445 8397

8351 8314 8248 8246 8252 8205 8205 8255 8284 8259 8315 8319 8315

TOTAL MEAN = 8316 nT

9999 indicates missing value

- 13 -

Table 3


Hourly D values from Nov 2 to Dec 3, 2013

(deg:first three digit, minutes: second two digits)

UT 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 DAILY MEAN

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

julian day

306 13447 13468 13465 13473 13463 13471 13453 13431 13425 13426 13423 13428

13432 13438 13442 13424 13419 13428 13421 13421 13397 13406 13494 13488 13441

307 13472 13508 13522 13522 13504 13454 13447 13447 13435 13439 13441 13434

13445 13450 13451 13454 13441 13438 13416 13385 13438 13455 13448 13461 13454

308 13449 13442 13461 13483 13488 13480 13472 13436 13448 13438 13424 13415

13436 13448 13425 13404 13409 13395 13422 13427 13399 13396 13420 13459 13436

309 13498 13500 13519 13506 13483 13442 13419 13426 13431 13443 13434 13430

13434 13437 13446 13447 13457 13452 13451 13452 13476 13488 13503 13519 13462

310 13497 13508 13476 13444 13438 13450 13450 13443 13442 13437 13439 13440

13439 13446 13445 13428 13448 13434 13456 13470 13498 13510 13514 13410 13460

311 13535 13511 13554 13532 13522 13457 13453 13432 13399 13389 13357 13317

13394 13465 13471 13438 13423 13420 13402 13393 13398 13449 13463 13477 13444

312 13487 13471 13447 13440 13440 13434 13414 13403 13427 13435 13438 13443

13442 13438 13437 13422 13433 13436 13435 13463 13488 13490 13498 13446 13446

313 13310 13410 13478 13475 13502 13520 13466 13422 13384 13370 13380 13365

13375 13454 13453 13488 13469 13488 13498 13476 13494 13450 13493 13494 13450

314 13518 13534 13533 13489 13485 13459 13435 13433 13399 13368 13388 13418

13437 13440 13440 13453 13414 13450 13474 13453 13453 13499 13537 13566 13462

315 13583 13539 13564 13600 13590 13524 13470 13431 13371 13363 13370 13385

13408 13435 13407 13429 13443 13467 13502 13445 13459 13403 13426 13391 13459

316 13383 13361 13374 13424 13452 13458 13470 13459 13458 13453 13446 13444

13452 13453 13458 13452 13448 13447 13458 13465 13484 13488 13499 13486 13449

317 13459 13479 99999 13471 13492 13486 13474 13458 13448 13434 13427 13432

13417 13418 13436 13443 13458 13442 13452 13474 13473 13483 13493 13457 13456

318 13430 13431 13441 13438 13442 13430 13438 13446 13432 13427 13426 13437

13435 13442 13444 13434 13421 13452 13310 13402 13393 13407 13432 13458 13431

319 13476 13481 13497 13479 13463 13451 13433 13434 13420 13416 13401 13405

13409 13436 13426 13411 13411 13395 13429 13426 13443 13441 13501 13512 13441

320 13543 13569 13551 13485 13442 13416 13407 13410 13407 13389 13378 13366

13413 13425 13423 13398 13403 13390 13381 13434 13491 13478 13504 13351 13431

321 13385 13424 13484 13435 13438 13440 13408 13422 13408 13403 13420 13396

13417 13434 13450 13450 13443 13428 13440 13427 13429 13417 13463 13507 13432

322 13479 13466 13488 13451 13444 13440 13439 13437 13408 13407 13411 13422

13423 13422 13424 13440 13419 13425 13449 13450 13480 13482 13471 13480 13444

323 13465 13440 13430 13428 13433 13431 13432 13429 13429 13430 13433 13439

13439 13422 13431 13445 13401 13408 13379 13364 13338 13348 13388 13473 13419

324 13460 13486 13504 13428 13434 13419 13402 13423 13421 13393 13310 13406

13412 13410 13432 13439 13420 13391 13397 13418 13437 13467 13478 13437 13430

325 13437 13429 13431 13444 13449 13432 13423 13428 13436 13439 13434 13433

13429 13440 13450 13450 13445 13441 13405 13402 13407 13382 13371 13409 13427

326 13470 13447 13419 13414 13419 13449 13461 13451 13444 13438 13435 13440

13441 13442 13440 13437 13427 13433 13457 13452 13436 13358 13398 13442 13435

327 13468 13478 13511 13490 13434 13402 13380 13399 13423 13382 13371 13359

13406 13402 13414 13426 13433 13387 13394 13425 13522 13507 13485 13456 13431

328 13447 13444 13449 13470 13498 13476 13448 13423 13437 13438 13420 13406

13428 13447 13439 13423 13404 13411 13410 13454 13443 13409 13406 13418 13435

329 13405 13455 13465 13456 13446 13442 13413 13409 13407 13418 13428 13430

13427 13428 13429 13433 13430 13431 13429 13424 13436 13469 13439 13408 13432

330 13412 13425 13426 13451 13459 13454 13435 13431 13435 13436 13436 13435

13440 13444 13440 13447 13422 13436 13437 13468 13494 13502 13478 13461 13446

- 14 -

331 13442 13445 13458 13445 13448 13435 13437 13434 13442 13435 13434 13439

13445 13444 13446 13447 13428 13420 13432 13445 13478 13493 13486 13448 13446

332 13439 13437 13427 13424 13439 13406 13414 13420 13426 13428 13430 13428

13437 13440 13441 13446 13458 13450 13481 13502 13509 13532 13527 13531 13453

333 13540 13510 13506 13509 13510 13497 13458 13429 13416 13390 13405 13411

13426 13438 13419 13431 13473 13392 13416 13438 13489 13511 13513 13534 13461

334 13528 13522 13484 13410 13486 13479 13453 13458 13450 13445 13437 13429

13438 13447 13441 13445 13460 13490 13446 13520 13588 13559 13583 13563 13485

335 13584 13581 13602 13558 13530 13524 13471 13481 13476 13447 13453 13446

13447 13443 13440 13420 13436 13430 13429 13467 13410 13523 13473 13410 13486

336 13468 13361 13417 13431 13422 13427 13440 13446 13454 13452 13459 13456

13456 13465 13454 13457 13461 13470 13472 13486 13491 13497 13506 13498 13456

337 13508 13530 13551 13544 13507 13459 13427 13415 13437 13433 13393 13394

13381 13384 13381 13388 13404 13440 13457 13418 13468 13466 13417 13449 13444

TOTAL MEAN = 134° 27’


- 15 -

Table 4


Hourly Z values (nT) from Nov 2 to Dec 3, 2013 (values must be considered negative)

UT 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 DAILY MEAN

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

julian day

306 63126 63145 63164 63188 63207 63215 63222 63234 63241 63246 63256 63265

63268 63268 63269 63278 63256 63251 63266 63284 63264 63183 63189 63150 63226

307 63156 63150 63150 63140 63155 63209 63233 63237 63246 63254 63267 63268

63262 63276 63267 63268 63273 63273 63273 63228 63209 63192 63199 63190 63224

308 63190 63188 63197 63187 63207 63224 63234 63242 63253 63261 63266 63277

63295 63302 63310 63315 63291 63312 63285 63224 63188 63126 63090 63074 63231

309 63100 63116 63110 63151 63186 63211 63225 63230 63238 63259 63272 63279

63293 63303 63292 63300 63284 63275 63246 63234 63204 63217 63169 63197 63225

310 63219 63213 63200 63214 63230 63232 63240 63251 63260 63264 63272 63264

63254 63261 63259 63274 63281 63288 63258 63212 63226 63231 63215 63219 63245

311 63224 63197 63169 63201 63218 63253 63242 63254 63271 63281 63309 63340

63361 63326 63293 63282 63247 63231 63231 63187 63136 63135 63100 63078 63232

312 63103 63124 63124 63163 63188 63197 63212 63217 63221 63236 63256 63263

63265 63273 63273 63275 63237 63251 63247 63218 63262 63270 63253 63229 63223

313 63162 63138 63117 63134 63147 63166 63202 63232 63260 63280 63288 63312

63338 63353 63335 63328 63311 63291 63184 63218 63241 63290 63304 63226 63244

314 63193 63161 63184 63206 63231 63228 63242 63258 63262 63277 63319 63297

63294 63317 63302 63305 63298 63314 63286 63234 63145 63191 63281 63165 63250

315 63124 63176 63167 63187 63205 63219 63236 63249 63276 63296 63328 63337

63346 63341 63315 63298 63330 63337 63310 63282 63328 63276 63279 63235 63270

316 63165 63081 63074 63123 63190 63204 63222 63246 63260 63271 63274 63274

63268 63276 63284 63269 63269 63258 63254 63236 63233 63247 63251 63211 63227

317 63227 63204 99999 63197 63212 63223 63233 63243 63253 63267 63279 63282

63296 63301 63339 63342 63351 63330 63301 63261 63249 63260 63248 63243 63269

318 63215 63198 63209 63220 63222 63229 63234 63243 63251 63254 63269 63284

63286 63292 63290 63289 63278 63280 63257 63236 63211 63193 63143 63140 63238

319 63146 63130 63120 63138 63165 63167 63193 63217 63233 63237 63250 63256

63272 63293 63323 63333 63270 63258 63236 63208 63172 63138 63175 63168 63213

320 63130 63115 63130 63157 63174 63185 63207 63217 63202 63227 63230 63259

63253 63242 63237 63221 63181 63165 63168 63158 63237 63213 63229 63167 63199

321 63156 63166 63128 63159 63171 63189 63221 63236 63261 63262 63247 63268

63269 63278 63292 63274 63268 63272 63269 63248 63237 63178 63193 63207 63227

322 63187 63158 63128 63148 63181 63217 63217 63226 63243 63243 63238 63237

63244 63261 63294 63302 63290 63260 63253 63255 63207 63201 63203 63197 63225

323 63177 63190 63219 63221 63206 63208 63224 63229 63232 63240 63258 63262

63269 63255 63265 63276 63296 63292 63213 63184 63150 63120 63153 63153 63221

324 63051 63073 63090 63117 63151 63193 63194 63203 63231 63250 63254 63258

63268 63265 63297 63291 63291 63276 63270 63270 63264 63244 63196 63175 63216

325 63178 63157 63160 63189 63195 63201 63210 63221 63238 63248 63258 63250

63250 63266 63260 63261 63269 63274 63292 63272 63249 63242 63145 63109 63225

326 63137 63119 63138 63163 63198 63224 63248 63255 63268 63264 63255 63248

63256 63255 63266 63272 63266 63267 63253 63230 63237 63233 63248 63184 63229

327 63142 63158 63156 63144 63177 63175 63176 63187 63225 63260 63274 63308

63285 63279 63251 63238 63228 63248 63234 63203 63234 63214 63227 63215 63218

328 63205 63216 63183 63173 63215 63242 63252 63246 63243 63258 63246 63242

63267 63269 63279 63293 63288 63277 63305 63271 63261 63249 63244 63180 63246

- 16 -

329 63143 63132 63120 63161 63171 63186 63209 63213 63221 63227 63225 63234

63246 63252 63269 63284 63293 63289 63292 63273 63250 63218 63212 63199 63222

330 63166 63165 63185 63201 63203 63217 63233 63238 63243 63253 63254 63248

63256 63255 63263 63258 63253 63271 63257 63230 63162 63187 63208 63210 63226

331 63209 63207 63197 63213 63223 63236 63246 63248 63249 63253 63243 63240

63251 63253 63257 63260 63242 63230 63222 63246 63257 63244 63235 63224 63237

332 63223 63218 63214 63213 63248 63248 63228 63224 63225 63237 63254 63253

63263 63257 63281 63289 63288 63321 63263 63215 63230 63200 63219 63205 63242

333 63213 63233 63227 63178 63164 63213 63238 63239 63235 63244 63256 63280

63293 63291 63296 63316 63306 63260 63220 63229 63204 63219 63146 63146 63235

334 63174 63195 63186 63239 63248 63257 63274 63265 63283 63299 63306 63305

63291 63291 63344 63396 63379 63312 63265 63331 63228 63284 63199 63290 63277

335 63253 63182 63151 63172 63198 63238 63295 63280 63277 63306 63309 63287

63244 63267 63265 63254 63235 63216 63213 63221 63238 63254 63329 63250 63247

336 63199 63194 63191 63224 63226 63228 63223 63247 63255 63264 63268 63270

63277 63283 63287 63300 63304 63289 63245 63199 63184 63158 63177 63168 63236

337 63149 63159 63176 63198 63204 63218 63239 63243 63240 63252 63325 63352

63376 63366 63344 63407 63383 63379 63355 63208 63249 63215 63174 63135 63265

TOTAL MEAN = 63235 nT


−60

−55

−50

−45

−40

−35

−30

−25

6.35

4

6.35

6

6.35

8

6.36

6.36

2

6.36

4

6.36

6

6.36

8x

104

|BaseZ| (nT)

|Bas

eZ| (

nT)=

0.2

156

* dd

+ 6

3633

.939

8

−60

−55

−50

−45

−40

−35

−30

−25

−40

−2002040

BaseH (nT)

Bas

eH (

nT)=

0.1

633

* dd

+ 7

.300

1

−60

−55

−50

−45

−40

−35

−30

−25

−0.

2

−0.

10

0.1

0.2

BaseD (deg)

Bas

eD (

deg)

= 3

.954

8e−

005

* dd

+ 0

.002

4098

Day

s(dd

)F

ig. 1

Mar

io Z

ucc

hel

li S

tati

on

Z, H

an

d D

bas

e lin

es 2

013/

2014

02/1

1/13

07/1

1/13

12/1

1/13

17/1

1/13

22/1

1/13

27/1

1/13

03/1

2/13

6300

0

6310

0

6320

0

6330

0

6340

0

6350

0|Z| (nT)

TN

B h

ourly

mea

ns 2

013/

2014

02/1

1/13

07/1

1/13

12/1

1/13

17/1

1/13

22/1

1/13

27/1

1/13

03/1

2/13

8100

8200

8300

8400

8500

8600

H (nT)

02/1

1/13

07/1

1/13

12/1

1/13

17/1

1/13

22/1

1/13

27/1

1/13

03/1

2/13

134

135

136

D (deg)

Day

sF

ig. 2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

8100

8300

8500

8700TNB Italian Geomagnetic Observatory, Antarctica

H [n

T]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

63000

63200

63400

|Z| [

nT]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

133

135

137

D [d

eg]

Hours [UT], nov 2 2013

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

8100

8300

8500


H [n

T]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

63000

63200

63400

|Z| [

nT]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

133

135

137

D [d

eg]


Fig. 3−18

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

8100

8300

8500


H [n

T]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

63000

63200

63400

|Z| [

nT]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

133

135

137

D [d

eg]


0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

8100

8300

8500


H [n

T]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

63000

63200

63400

|Z| [

nT]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

133

135

137

D [d

eg]


0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

8100

8300

8500


H [n

T]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

63000

63200

63400

|Z| [

nT]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

133

135

137

D [d

eg]


0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

8100

8300

8500


H [n

T]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

63000

63200

63400

|Z| [

nT]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

133

135

137

D [d

eg]

Hours [UT], dec 1 2013

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

8100

8300

8500


H [n

T]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

63000

63200

63400

|Z| [

nT]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

133

135

137

D [d

eg]


0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

8100

8300

8500


H [n

T]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

63000

63200

63400

|Z| [

nT]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

133

135

137

D [d

eg]


1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015

7200

7400

7600

7800

8000

8200

8400

Year

H(n

T)

DATAIGRF

1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015134

135

136

137

138

Year

D(d

egre

es)

DATAIGRF

1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015−64700

−64500

−64300

−64100

−63900

−63700

−63500

−63300

Year

Z(n

T)

DATAIGRF

1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 201563600

63800

64000

64200

64400

64600

64800

65000

65200

Year

F(n

T)

DATAIGRF

Fig. 19

mario zucchelli station, antarctica geomagnetic observatory · 2018. 3. 2. · mario zucchelli...

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