marine science uh hilo

Marine Science

UH Hilo

Contributors:• Marta deMaintenon (compiler)• Matt Barton• Nancy Chaney• John Coney• Jon Bjornen• Phil Lo Cicero

Unidentified amphipod

These are small and frequently seen in benthic samples. They are compressed laterally and tend to ‘bounce’. There are many different types.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA

Arctides regalis Holthuis, 1963

To about 18cm long. This is typically a deeper water lobster.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA SCYLLARIDEA

Photo by John Coney

Scyllarides squammosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)

To about 40cm long. This large species is not often seen.


Photo by John Coney

Parribacus antarcticus (Lund, 1793)

To about 16cm long. This small lobster is fairly common and well camouflaged.


Photo by John Coney

Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791)

To about 40cm long. Recognizable by the striped legs.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA PALINURIDAE

Photo by John Coney

Lysmata amboinensis (De Man, 1888)

Very enthusiastic cleaner shrimps, to ~6cm long.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA HIPPOLYTIDAE

Photos by John Coney

Saron marmoratus (Olivier, 1811)

Marble shrimps are nocturnal and so rarely seen. Males have very long front legs. To ~7cm long.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA HIPPOLYTIDAE

Photo by John Coney

Stenopus hispidus (Olivier, 1812)

Banded shrimps are commonly seen in pairs. Unmated animals are very aggressive toward each other, though their vision is not particularly good. To ~5cm long.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA STENOPODIDAE

Photo by John Coney

Stenopus pyrsonatus (Goy & Devaney, 1980)

Similar to banded shrimps, but larger and with yellow claws. Frequently upside down under overhangs. To ~6cm long.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA STENOPODIDAE


Gnathophyllum c.f. americanum Guérin-Méneville, 1856

Bumblebee shrimps are small, and common in shallow habitats under rocks, where they typically feed on echinoderm tube feet. Length to about 13 mm

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA GNATHOPHYLLIDAE

Hymenocera picta Dana, 1852

These pretty shrimps mate permanently and eat sea stars, which they keep by holding them upside-down. To about 5 cm, females larger. The animal on the left is missing a claw.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA GNATHOPHYLLIDAE

Photo by John Coney

Periclemenes soror Nobili, 1904

These tiny shrimps live on cushion stars and are typically colored to match their star. They are considered commensals and are usually no more than about 1cm long.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA PALAEMONIDAE

Photo by John Coney

Unknown shrimp

This shrimp is about 1 cm long. It’s a gravid female, but missing an antenna and some legs. Found at Richardson’s, in about 1 m depth.


Schizophroida hilensis (Rathbun, 1906)

Carapace to about 12 mm long. This small crab was found in about 2 m depth. Decorator crabs are triangular in shape and tend to cover themselves with other organisms.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA MAJIDAE

Unidentified decorator crab #2

Carapace about 2 mm long. This small crab was found while shaking rubble in about 6 feet depth; it has several species of algae growing on its carapace


Simocarcinus simplex Dana, 1852

Carapace about 3 mm long, and the species grows to about 2.5 cm long. They are typically brown or greenish, and don’t usually have much stuck to them. .


Unidentified crab

Carapace about 3 mm wide. This little crab is flattened, with flat legs, short claws and a square carapace. It may be a juvenile.


Grapsus tenuicrustatus (Herbst, 1783)

These crabs are common on rocky shores above the waterline. Carapace to about 7.5 cm wide.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA GRAPSIDAE

Photo by Phil Lo Cicero

Ocypode pallidula Jacquinot, 1852

Carapace to about 2.5 cm wide. Ghost crab live in holes in sandy beaches above the waterline.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA OCYPODIDAE


Liomera rugata (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)

Carapace about 8 mm wide. This bright pink crab was a female with larvae; one of the newly hatched zoea is shown at left.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA XANTHIDAE

Polydectus cupulifer (Latreille, 1812)The teddy bear crab, as it’s called, is a small xanthid that carries

an anemone on each claw. They are common under rocks and grow to about 2.5 cm carapace width


Unidentified xanthid crab

Carapace about 2 mm wide. Xanthids can often be recognized by their (usually) black claws and relatively rock-like demeanor; if disturbed or handled they will typically fold up and wait it out.


Unidentified xanthid crab

Carapace about 4 mm wide. This black and white xanthid was relatively aggressive, defending its algae blade from larger crabs.


Unidentified xanthid crab Carapace about 12 mm wide.


Crab sp.This little crab had a carapace about 2 mm wide. It is regrowing the left 4th leg.


Charybdis hawaiensis Edmondson, 1954The striped eyes are diagnostic for this large swimming crab. Swimming crabs are known for being aggressive; if handled they will try to pinch and tend to hang on like bulldogs.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA PORTUNIDAE

Photo by John Coney

Charybdis erythrodactyla (Lamarck, 1818)The blue markings and mottled eyes are diagnostic for this swimming crab. Size to ~15cm. The name refers to ‘red claws or fingers’.


Photo by John Coney

Gonioinfradens paucidentata (A. Milne Edwards, 1861)This swimming crab is red, with black eyes and claw tips. Size about 8cm.


Photo by John Coney

Lissocarcinus orbicularis (Dana, 1852)This little crab is a commensal species that lives singly or in pairs on large sea cucumbers. They tend to color to suit their host when they moult. Size to about 1.5 cm.



Carpilius maculatus Linnaeus, 1758This large, very heavy coral crab gets to about 15cm wide. They seem to favor a diet of crabs, urchins and molluscs, which they eat by crushing the shell.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA CARPILIIDAE

Photo by John Coney

Ranina ranina (Linnaeus, 1788)These are called ‘frog crabs’ because of the way they sit on their hindmost legs. Typically they dig backwards into sand when disturbed. They are fished, so are protected by law.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA RANINIDAE


Sponge Crab sp.This little crab has a tunicate on his carapace; it’s about 1 cm wide.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DROMIIDAE

Sponge Crab sp.This crab has a sponge on its carapace.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DROMIIDAE

Photo by John Coney

Aniculus maximus Edmondson, 1952This hermit found itself with a bit too much of a shell, though the species gets big enough to grow into a triton shell. They are yellow and very hairy, with bands overall.

ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DIOGENIDAE

Photo by John Coney

Ciliopagurus strigatus (Herbst, 1804)Cone shell hermits are flat, with orange and red bands, and are not particularly hairy. Size ~2.5cm


Photo by John Coney

Calcinus c.f. elegans (H. Milne Edwards, 1836)

To about 2 cm long. Legs are brown with orange bands, antennae are yellow and eye stalks blue. Claws are brown with white spots. Hawaiian populations have been shown to be genetically distinct from populations in other parts of the Pacific.



Calcinus guamensis Wooster, 1982

Carapace about 5 mm long. This small hermit crab is white with black eyestalks and ‘knees’, and the antennae are orange.


Calcinus haigae Wooster, 1982

Carapace about 5 mm long. This small hermit crab has pinkish purple legs, and the antennae are blue and orange.


Photo by John Coney

Calcinus latens (Randall, 1839)

Carapace up to about 10 mm long. This common local crab is green, with the upper regions of the claws black with white dots, and purple striped bands near the tip of each leg. Eyes are black with white or blue spots


Dardanus sanguinocarpus Degener, 1925

Carapace up to about 20 mm long. A hairy crab with red and purple splotches on the legs. Eyes are black with yellow stalks.


Photo by John Coney

Dardanus megistos (Herbst, 1812)

Crab up to about 30 cm long overall, usually found in triton shells. A large, hairy red crab with white spots and antennae.


Photo by John Coney

Dardanus gemmatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848)

Crab up to about 5 cm long overall, pink with blue-green eyes and two species of anemones on its shell.


Photo by John Coney

Dardanus deformis (H. Milne Edwards, 1836)

Crab up to about 5 cm long overall, light brown and cream with yellow eyes and banded legs. It harbors the same species of anemones as D. gemmatus.



Unidentified hermit #1

Carapace about 2-3 mm long. This crab is similar to Calcinus hazletti, but may be a juvenile Clibanarius zebra. Found in high subtidal rubble.


Unidentified hermit #2

Carapace about 2 mm long. This crab is rather hairy, similar to some local Dardanus species. Found in high subtidal rubble



Leptochelia dubia (Krøyer)?This small crustacean was about 2 - 3 mm long.

Tanaids are small benthic peracarid crustaceans commonly found in a wide variety of habitats.

TANAIDAE

This small isopod (?) was about 3 mm long.


This well camouflaged isopod from Laupahoehoe was about 1.5 mm long.


This benthic copepod is about 1 mm long. They are fast swimmers, and this one had to be temporarily immobilized with a cover slip to be photographed. Looks like a harpacticoid, given the short antennae.


This benthic copepod is about 2 mm long. This is larger and more colorful than the usual. It also looks like a harpacticoid.


Ostracod sp.When sand grains crawl… Ostracods are bivalved benthic crustaceans, about 0.7 mm in size, with various shell forms. This one has lumps.

Micro!


Ostracod sp.This one has a smooth shell and is a bit smaller (about 0.6 mm), these are typically black and white. Because of its excessive flailing (left), I slowed it down temporarily with a cover slip (right).

Micro!


Ostracod sp.This one has a smooth brown shell, about 0.4 mm long

Micro!


Ostracod sp.This one from Laupahoehoe is hairy, and is about 1mm long.

Micro!


Pycnogonid sp.This tiny sea spider from Laupahoehoe covers itself with sand, and is about 5 mm long (leg span). The urchin spine provides some idea of scale.

Micro!

ARTHROPODA CHELICERIFORMES

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