Marine Science in the CSUKenneth Coale, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories

The Status of the CSU, the People’s UniversityThe California Coastal EconomyEnvironmental Literacy (?)Marine Environmental Policy/Global ImpactsCSU Excellence in Marine ScienceThe Challenge for COAST

CSU Impacts:Training and EducatingThe Professional Workforce

IFC Consulting, 2005

$1 in State spending for CSU generates $4.41 in spending for California$1 in State spending for CSU generates $4.41 in spending for California

CSU-related expenditures create over $13 billion annually in economic CSU-related expenditures create over $13 billion annually in economic impact and support more than 207,000 jobsimpact and support more than 207,000 jobs

Alumni earnings raises the impact to $53 billion annually, supporting Alumni earnings raises the impact to $53 billion annually, supporting 527,000 jobs in the state527,000 jobs in the state

CSU alumni and CSU expenditures generate more than $17 in spending for CSU alumni and CSU expenditures generate more than $17 in spending for every dollar the state invests in CSUevery dollar the state invests in CSU

CSU supports knowledge-based economic drivers: Skilled Workforce:CSU supports knowledge-based economic drivers: Skilled Workforce:

Electronics & Information TechnologyElectronics & Information Technology Media & Cultural Industries Media & Cultural Industries Agriculture, Food & Wine Agriculture, Food & Wine Life Sciences Life Sciences Tourism Tourism Engineering Engineering Services Services Apparel Apparel AerospaceAerospace Transportation ServicesTransportation Services

Impacts of the California State University on the California EconomyImpacts of the California State University on the California Economy

California Ocean Economy, Summary of Findings:

First in the Nation (fifth largest in the world in 2000)

Includes: Construction, living resources, offshore minerals, ship building and repair, maritime transportation and ports, coastal tourism and recreation.

Total Gross State Product (GSP): $42.9 billion

Including delta counties (all economic transactions): $1.15 trillion (86% of total State economic activity)

408,000 direct jobs, 700,000 jobs with amplifiers

$11.4 billion in wages, $24 billion with amplifiers

Natural resources of the coast and coastal ocean are a solid foundation of the economy and must be sustained in order to maintain the economic strength of the State.

California Ocean Economy: Comparison with the Nation

California provides larger share

19% of US Ocean Economy

Tourism

Recreation

Transportation (LA/LB > 25% Nation)

K -12 Education in USK -12 Education in USCross-state comparisons of average science scale scores, grade 8 (public schools only): 2000

By Institute of Education Sciences (US Dept of Ed)

Cross-state comparisons of average science scale scores, grade 8 (public schools only): 2000

By Institute of Education Sciences (US Dept of Ed)

Getting Better?

Institute of Education Sciences, US Dept. of Education

Oceanography Magazine, Current issue, December, 2007Vol 20 No 4Special Issue on Ocean Exploration

Exercise in pedagogy exposes mass misconceptionsabout the oceans

110 Misconceptions about the Oceans, Robert J. FellerWaves/Tides/Currents

4. Tides are caused by the earth’s rotation

10. Coriolis is an actual force (as in F=ma)

12. Currents in the N/S Hemispheres run in the same direction

Weather/Climate

35. It doesn’t rain as much over the ocean as it does on land

37. Winds and sunlight control the climate much more than do ocean currents or SST

Marine Mammals

79. Whales spout water through their blow holes

80. Killer whales are not whales

81. Seals are the same as sea lions

A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine EcosystemsBenjamin S. Halpern, et al., Science 15 February, 2008

An ecosystem-specific, multiscale spatial model used to synthesize 17 globaldata sets of anthropogenic drivers of ecological change for 20 marine ecosystems. Results: No area is unaffected by human influence and a large fraction (41%) is strongly affected by multiple drivers.

Implications:Implications:

CSU Marine Science Coursework at the undergraduate and CSU Marine Science Coursework at the undergraduate and general education levels can assist K-12 educators in improving general education levels can assist K-12 educators in improving science literacyscience literacy

Risks to California Economy are Great (economy driven by Risks to California Economy are Great (economy driven by environmental quality)environmental quality)

Massive responsibility on the part of the CSU to prepare Massive responsibility on the part of the CSU to prepare graduates to make responsible decisions in a sea of uncertaintygraduates to make responsible decisions in a sea of uncertainty

Important opportunityImportant opportunity

Kevin Starr, Librarian Emeritus and Professor of History at USC (response to CSU Kevin Starr, Librarian Emeritus and Professor of History at USC (response to CSU impact report):impact report):

““The CSU system is not just a government agency, The CSU system is not just a government agency, however. It is, rather, a primary expression of the however. It is, rather, a primary expression of the collective sovereignty of the people of California. It collective sovereignty of the people of California. It is the primary means and cutting edge in the is the primary means and cutting edge in the struggle for California to sustain itself as a viable, struggle for California to sustain itself as a viable, competitive and humane society for ordinary competitive and humane society for ordinary citizens. One could write a history of contemporary citizens. One could write a history of contemporary California's creation almost exclusively by California's creation almost exclusively by examining the rise and development of this examining the rise and development of this institution.”institution.”

Kevin Starr, continued:Kevin Starr, continued:

The University of California has as its primary mission: research and The University of California has as its primary mission: research and teaching (Master Plan, 1960).teaching (Master Plan, 1960).

The California State University’s former primary mission: the education and The California State University’s former primary mission: the education and training of Californians through a fusion program of instruction, applied training of Californians through a fusion program of instruction, applied research and preparation for employment. research and preparation for employment.

These distinct missions cannot over time remain so clear-cut. These distinct missions cannot over time remain so clear-cut.

This distinction between what should be learned (research) and how that This distinction between what should be learned (research) and how that knowledge should be passed on (teaching) cannot, in the long run, be knowledge should be passed on (teaching) cannot, in the long run, be sustained. sustained.

University of California has to reconsider its policy of turning so much University of California has to reconsider its policy of turning so much undergraduate instruction over to graduate students. undergraduate instruction over to graduate students.

The CSU cannot be so limited in it’s research agenda.The CSU cannot be so limited in it’s research agenda.

Master Plan was amended in 1990 to include acknowledge applied research Master Plan was amended in 1990 to include acknowledge applied research as a primary activity of the CSUas a primary activity of the CSU

CSU Excellence in Marine Science WorkshopCSU Excellence in Marine Science Workshop

April 19-20, 2002, Joan Parker, Mike Foster and Kenneth CoaleApril 19-20, 2002, Joan Parker, Mike Foster and Kenneth Coale

Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesMoss Landing Marine Laboratories

The Facts:The Facts:Typical CSU Marine Scientist (1997-2002):Typical CSU Marine Scientist (1997-2002):Directly supervised 12 graduate studentsDirectly supervised 12 graduate studentsResponsible for 5 classesResponsible for 5 classesPI or co-PI, received 11 grantsPI or co-PI, received 11 grantsPublished 5 peer-reviewed papersPublished 5 peer-reviewed papersClearly Successful and Competitive (UCSB)Clearly Successful and Competitive (UCSB)

The Challenges:The Challenges:Faculty typically members of a larger departmentFaculty typically members of a larger departmentCompete for space, funds, equipmentCompete for space, funds, equipmentContribute an equitable share of teachingContribute an equitable share of teachingCourse offerings often specialized, Course offerings often specialized, Hesitant to use buy out time, use lecturersHesitant to use buy out time, use lecturersMost Departments have sub-critical numbers of Most Departments have sub-critical numbers of marine scientistsmarine scientistsGrowth in academic curriculum is inhibitedGrowth in academic curriculum is inhibited

The Successes:The Successes:Existence demonstrates creative solutionsExistence demonstrates creative solutions

Graduate students effectively integrated into research teamsGraduate students effectively integrated into research teamsfrom grant writing to field workfrom grant writing to field work

Developed modes of graduate student stipendsDeveloped modes of graduate student stipends

Developed schedules that allow for focused research timeDeveloped schedules that allow for focused research time

Centers of Excellence…(MLMLCenters of Excellence…(MLML, OSI) , OSI) provide access to equipment, resources, colleaguesprovide access to equipment, resources, colleagues

Research faculty, Post-Docs and Adjuncts, increase research productivityResearch faculty, Post-Docs and Adjuncts, increase research productivity

Marine Science programs/faculty are extremely productiveMarine Science programs/faculty are extremely productive

Graduates: 67% female, >90% employed; >80% field fidelity over 10 years; 30% PhDsGraduates: 67% female, >90% employed; >80% field fidelity over 10 years; 30% PhDs

Grads hold positions in academia, government, regulatory agencies, K-12 and community Grads hold positions in academia, government, regulatory agencies, K-12 and community collegecollege

Of the 100 most cited CSU marine science publications, over half are applied researchOf the 100 most cited CSU marine science publications, over half are applied research

2002 Workshop Recommendations:2002 Workshop Recommendations:

1) 1) Establish a CSU marine science council, effectively creating an inter-campus marine science faculty

2) Create a Vice Chancellor of Research

3) Establish an annual CSU marine science symposium

4) Build collaborative relationships with and facilitate contract research between CSU marine scientists and other state agencies

5) Provide funding for post-doctoral candidates, research assistants and graduate students on a competitive basis

6) Consider joint doctoral degrees.

Establish an organized body of expertiseEstablish an organized body of expertise

Address California’s coastal and marine-related issues (global climate change; natural resource management; hazards mitigation; ocean and coastal policies; and the use of new and emerging technologies)

Build cooperative agreements between CSU and State Agencies

Advance Science-Based Ocean Stewardship

What can COAST do for Marine Science in the CSU?What can COAST do for Marine Science in the CSU?

Take advantage of recommendations from workshop (2002) and your suggestions today

Establish and promote Centers of Excellence in Marine Science in the CSU

Increase collegiality and intellectual exchange, sharing of resources

Incorporate Marine Science into a broader curricular matrix

Leverage funding from external sources into CSU Marine Science

Establish Research Faculty Positions

What can Do for California?