MARINEPOLLUTION

IN THE FLORIDA KEYS

NATIONAL MARINE

SANCTUARY

Created By: Brandy Curry, Andrew Paciulli, Rosalyn

McGee, and Justin Perry

Introduction

• The Florida Keys natural marine is a popular destination for scientist, explorers, and tourists

• Pollution defined

• Different types of pollution

• Effects of marine pollution

• Regions affected by pollutants

Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

Description of sanctuary• Established in 1990

• Jointly managed by NOAA and the State of Florida

• Comprised of 9,844 km2 of water and submerged land

• Includes sea grass meadows, mangrove-fringed islands, and coral reefs

• Supports over 6,000 species of plants, fishes, and invertebrates (Florida Keys Management

Areas,2005)

Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

Water Quality Protection Program

• Water quality Monitoring Project

• Sea grass Monitoring Project

• Coral Reef Evaluation and Monitoring Project

• Special Projects

(Reef Restoration, NOAA)

Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

(Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary)

• Waste Water

• Storm Water, Runoff Contaminants

• Oil

• Direct Human Impact

Pollution

Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

• Near shore waters

• Marine Habitats

• Seafloor

Regions Effected by Pollution

(NOAA)

(NOAA)

Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

• Ecological Reserves

• Sanctuary Preservation Areas

• Wildlife Management Areas

• Existing Management Areas

• Special-use Areas

Regions Effected by Pollution

Ecosystems Effected by the Pollution

• The third longest Coral Reef in the world

• Extensive sea grass beds• Over 6,000 species of

marine life

(NOAA)

(Burdick, 2013)

The Florida Keys contain

Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

Coral Habitats and Biodiversity

• Bank Reefs or Intermediate Reefs

• Deep Offshore Reefs

• Hard bottom

• Patch or Shallow Offshore Reefs

Zooplankton/ Phytoplankton

Several species of stony coral

Spiny LobsterAnemonesMollusksFlamingo Tongues

Hard Bottom Patch ReefsParrotfishSurgeonfishYellow SnapperGruntsBrain & Star Coral

Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

Coral Habitats and Biodiversity

• Bank Reefs or Intermediate Reefs

• Deep Offshore Reefs

• Hard bottom

• Patch or Shallow Offshore Reefs

ShrimpGobiesMoray EelsTrigger FishGrouperFire Coral

Bank Reefs Deep Offshore Reefs Great Barracuda Red Snapper JewfishAmber JackSmall Tuna

Coral description

Corals

• Over 50 species living in the sanctuary

• Staghorn Coral

• 2100 sites studied

• Coral population and density

Species found on coral reefs• Structure of reef provided

by corals

• Base nutritional energy provided by algae

• Reef fish both herbivores and carnivores live full time on reef

• Sharks and lobsters roam in and out daily

• Dolphins and sea turtles stop by seasonally

NOAA, National Marine Sanctuary

Adaptations to the Environment

Fluorescent Pigment - Natural adaptation that forms a shield around the zooxanthellae and protects them form high temperatures and UV Rays

Increase Calcium Carbonate Production -The increase of acidity in the oceans slows corals growth rate

(NOAA.COM)(http://scienceyoucanlove.tumblr.com)

Future Adaptations For Survival

(NOAA.GOV)

(http://ocean.nationalgeographic.com)Gain The Ability to Withstand:

- Increase in Ocean Temperatures

- Increase in Turbidity

- Increase in Ocean Acidity Levels

Survive Direct and Indirect Human Impact -Humans are the biggest threat to

Corals

How do the currents and tides affect your selected animal

What are the geological features of the selected region where your organism dwells? 

Avoiding Pollution in the Future Measures to Avoid

Pollution• Wide-ranging education program for ensuring the protection of Florida Keys’ resources

• Monitoring and research activities

• Enforcing regulations

• Avoid marine dumping

• Trimming down trash

• Recreate ResponsiblyMooring buoys is imperative in protecting coral reefs from boat

anchors

Water Quality Protection Program Accomplishments • Monroe County Sanitary wastewater plan

• Monroe County storm-water plan

• No discharge zones

• Mooring fields for vessels

FKNMS Facebook Photos

Conclusion

• There are different type of marine pollution affecting the Florida Keys sanctuary.

• Different types of pollution include; direct discharge, land runoff, Storm water, runoff contaminants, oil, ship pollution, boating, overfishing among others.

• The major ecosystem affected by the pollution is the coral reef, sea grass beds and the marine life species.

• The Florida Keys marine sanctuary should be protected to avoid further marine destruction

References• Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. (2014, August

15). Red Tide Summary. Retrieved from http://myfwc.com/research/redtide/statewide/

• Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. (n.d.). Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. Retrieved from http://myfwc.com/research/habitat/coral/

• Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Water Quality Protection Program. Retrieved from: http://ocean.floridamarine.org/FKNMS_WQPP/pages/fknms.html

• Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Water Quality Protection Program: Report to Congress (September 2013). United States EPA region 4 office in cooperation with Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary WQPP partners. Retrieved from: http://ocean.floridamarine.org/FKNMS_WQPP/products/wqpp/FKNMS%20Biennial%20Report%20201309.pdf

References• Coral Reef Evaluation and Monitoring Project. Florida Keys National

Marine Sanctuary. Retrieved from: http://ocean.floridamarine.org/FKNMS_WQPP/pages/cremp.html

• Special Projects. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Retrieved from: http://ocean.floridamarine.org/FKNMS_WQPP/pages/special_projects.html

• Water Quality Protection Program. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Retrieved from: http://ocean.floridamarine.org/FKNMS_WQPP/pages/wqpp.html

• Water Quality Monitoring Project. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Retrieved from: http://ocean.floridamarine.org/FKNMS_WQPP/pages/wqmp.html

• Seagrass Monitoring Project. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Retrieved from: http://ocean.floridamarine.org/FKNMS_WQPP/pages/sgmp.html

References• Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Water Quality Protection

Program. (2014). Water Quality Monitoring Project (WQMP). Retrieved from http://ocean.floridamarine.org/FKNMS_WQPP/pages/wqmp.html

• Populations and Ecosystems. (n.d). Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Retrieved from https://www.fossweb.com/delegate/ssi-fosscom/Contribution%20Folders/FOSS/multimedia_ms_1E/PopulationsandEcosystems/ecoscenario/drytort/index.html

• Florida International University. (2012). Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Water Quality Protection Program. Retrieved from Water Quality Monitoring Project (WQMP) : http://ocean.floridamarine.org/FKNMS_WQPP/pages/wqmp.html

• NOAA. (2014, February 6). Sanctuaries and climate change. Retrieved from NOAA / National MArine Sanctuaries: http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/management/climate/welcome.html

Image References• The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Facebook page. Images

retrieved from: https://www.facebook.com/floridakeysnoaagov/photos_stream Wilmington, t. N. (n.d.). The Aquarius underwater habitat and laboratory. The Aquarius Habitat. Florida International University, Miami, FL. Retrieved from http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/missions/neemo/aquarius.asp on 5 August 2014

• Burdick, D. (2013, September 20). Strategic plans for addressing pollution in key watersheds. Retrieved from http://coralreef.noaa.gov/threats/pollution/welcome.html

• Humann., P. b. (n.d.). Roving Diver. ScubaBoard.com, Key Largo. Retrieved from http://www.scubaboard.com/forums/content/586-new-publication-showing-validity-citizen-science-reef-survey-data.html on 5 August 2014

• Reef Restoration. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Image retrieved from: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/gallery/image.php?siteName=nosimages&cat=Reef%20Restoration

Image References• Humann., P. b. (n.d.). Roving Diver. ScubaBoard.com, Key Largo.

Retrieved from http://www.scubaboard.com/forums/content/586-new-publication-showing-validity-citizen-science-reef-survey-data.html on 5 August 2014

• Reef Restoration. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Image retrieved from: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/gallery/image.php?siteName=nosimages&cat=Reef%20Restoration

• Burdick, D. (2013, September 20). Strategic plans for addressing pollution in key watersheds. Retrieved from http://coralreef.noaa.gov/threats/pollution/welcome.html