1 2 7 .

M A R I N E M O L L U S C S

O F M A Y O R I S L A N D

E.N. M l l l i g a n .

Most of t h e c o l l e c t i n g was from open r o c k and s h e l t e r e d r e e f h a b i t a t s ( l a r g e s t o n e s and b o u l d e r s ) . A l t h o u g h sandy beaches were p r e s e n t a t Opo, Omapu and O r i r a (N.W.Bay), t h e y appeared t o be too s t e e p f o r c o l o n i z a t i o n by sand f l a t m o l l u s c s . Some s u b l i t t o r a l s p e c i e s which e n c r o a c h i n t o the t i d a l zone on sand f l a t s were found Yi/ashed up on t h e beach, e.g. B a r y s p l r a spp.

Omapu Bay was more exposed than Opo, and i n • the former a good d e a l o f sand o c c u r r e d w i t h the s t o n e s where c o l l e c t ­i n g was done. Opo Bay s u p p l i e d more t y p i c a l s h e l t e r e d r e e f c o n d i t ­i o n s w i t h l a r g e immovable r o c k b l o c k s r i s i n g from below extreme low t i d e , and w i t h s m a l l e r stones amongst them which a t low t i d e were g e n e r a l l y f r e e from sand,

C o l l e c t i n g was n o t p r i m a r i l y f o r c o m p i l i n g a s p e c i e s l i s t . D o u b t l e s s a few common s p e c i e s w i d e s p r e a d i n d i s t ­r i b u t i o n were not c o l l e c t e d or r e c o r d e d f o r i n c l u s i o n , e.g. M e l a g -r a p h i a , N e r i t a 9 S i p h o n a r i a . E i g h t y s p e c i e s were r e c o r d e d , - the number b e i n g i n c r e a s e d by 14 specimens, i n d r i f t . Some a r e from s h a l l o w w a t e r , but o t h e r s a r e deep water or p e l a g i c , These l a t t e r two are c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f exposed c o a s t s and i s l a n d s where the l a n d s h e l v e s d e e p l y o f f - s h o r e . B e s i d e s these t h e r e i s the r e c o r d of 4 Cephalopods, 3 o f which a r e r a t h e r r a r e on our c o a s t s , ' S p i r u l a s p i r u l a , the common w h i t e ram's h o r n • s h e l l , has been found t o l i v e i n depths between 1 1 0 fathoms to 1 , 1 0 0 fathoms. One, specimen o f Tethys t r y o n i was found washed up but none were•found i n p o o l s . T h i s e v i d e n t l y was n o t the season f o r these a n n u a l t e c t i b r a n c h s t o come i n t o s h a l l o w water to breed. The specimen found was p u r p l i s h and not the brown c o l o u r o f specimens found i n p o o l s . The p u r p l i s h c o l o u r appears t o be c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of t h i s mollusc- d u r i n g i t s o f f ­shore phase. Of i n t e r e s t a l s o were two s p e c i e s , N o t o s i n i s t e r i n -f e l i x and J o c u l a t o r d i r e m p u s 9 o r i g i n a l l y f o u n d a l i v e o n l y by d r e d g i n g , which were f o u n d l i v i n g i n M i c r o d i c t y o n i n a deep h i g h - t i d a l p o o l * Washings from t h i s a l g a e produced the l a r g e number o f 24 s p e c i e s .

I n the f o l l o w i n g l i s t s numbers ' f o l l o w i n g the s p e c i e s are those- i n the check l i s t s o f P o w e l l ( 1 9 4 6 and 1 .953) . S a x o s t r e a i s a synonym o f C r a s s o s t r e a (Thomson ~ 1 9 5 4 ) .

+ Denotes found on more than one o f the' i s l a n d s .

* Denotes found on a l l t h r e e .

128.

P E L E C Y P O D A P h i l o b r y i d a e :

+ H o c h s t e t t e r i a munita 4 3 - 1 spec., h i g h t i d e p o o l , Opo. Cosa f i l h o l i 4 8 - 1 s p e c . , i n d r i f t , Opo Bay.

M y t i l i d a e : - " »Trichomusjculus b a r b a t u s 68—low t i d e c r e v i c e s , - O p o , Omapu,

Ostreidae: -.-*Crass6strea g l o m e r a t a 1 0 0 . - m o r e s h e l t e r e d r o c k s h e l v e s ,

"': " : A ^ - i - O p o Bay. C a r d i t i d a e :

+Cardita- aoteana 1,29- - 1 j u v e n i l e v a l v e , ' . d r i f t , . - Opo. L e p t o n i d a e :

+Lasāea m a o r i a 1 66 .-' h i g h tide-muddy c r e v i c e s . , N. arm, Opo. + L . h i nemo a i 67 -• dead s h e l l s , . d r i f t , Opo. .ii.-. + N o t o l e p t o n sanguineum 1 9 7 - d i t t o . . +N. c i t r i h u m 1 9 8 - D i t t o .

V e n e r i d a e : —...vv +Tawera s p i s s a 251 - dead s h e l l s , d r i f t , Opo. Chione ( A u s t r o v e n u s ) s t u t c h b u r y i 2!i>7 - d i t t o .

H i a t e l l i d a e : • f H i a t e l l a a u s t r a l i s 2 7 3 - common i n l o w t i d e c r e v i c e s and

• under s t o n e s , Opo.

< G A S T> E- R 0 P 0 D A

S c i s s u r e l l i d a e : + S c i s s u r o n a r o s e a 3 0 5 - common, h i g h t i d e p o o l s , Opo.

H a l i o t i i d a e : t ' ' * H a l i o t i s (Paua) i r i s 313 - common on r o c k s , S.Opo Bay.

F i s s u r e l l i d a e ^ : r - ; I n c i s u r a l y t t e l t o n e n s i s 318 - common, low t i d e seaweed

• w a s h i n g s , Omapu B a y ; . h i g h t i d e p o o l , Opo. ^ T u g a l i s u t e r i bascauda. 325 common under-; low t i d e r o c k s ,

Opo Bay. r , Trochidae.: •'' •••-V:-'••' ̂ "̂''̂ '̂ ;-:̂ --'• . r, , ;'

»Thoristella oppressa- 346 - -common on low t i d e ' seaweed/ '.. :

Opo and Omapu.; : ,- .., ' ": P a r a c l a n c u l u s p e c c a t u s 349 - 1 spec, o f t h i s r a r e m o l l u s c

found i n seaweed d r i f t , Omapu, by E . l / h i t e . * A n i s o d i l o m a l u g u b r l s 360..- low t i d e "under smooth stones,Opo. C a n t h a r i d u s purpuratus 364 - 1 spec. , Opo d r i f t . (pu. M i c r e l e n c h u s t e n e b r o s u s 373 - 2 spec.-, low t i d e stones,0ma-

*M. d i l a t a t u s 377 - common on low t i d e seaweed, Opo.

1 2 9 .

C a n t h a r i d e l l a t e s s e l a t a 3 7 9 - common on low t i d e seaweed,Opo. + F o s s a r i n a r i m a t a 3 8 0 - few specimens i n h i g h t i d e c r e v i c e s ,

N o r t h Opo. S t o m a t e l l i d a e :

-'"Herpetapoma b e l l a 381 - - common under s t o n e s , low t i d e , Opo. L i o t i i d a e :

- * " L i o t e l l a p o l y p l e u r a 4 2 9 - common, h i g h t i d e p o o l , Opo. T u r b i n i d a e :

'•'Lunella smaragda 4 8 8 - common on s t o n e s & weed, low tide,Opo. P a t e l l o i d i d a e :

»Notoacmea p i l e o p s i s 5 0 9 - abundant, h i g h t i d e , exposed r o c k . +N. p i l e o p s i s c e l l a n o i d e s 51 9 - not common as l a s t b ut on

rough s u r f a c e s o r head of washes. N. s u b t l l i s 5 1 4 - 1 spec, o f t h i s deepwater s p . , d r i f t , Opo.

*Atalacmea f r a g i l i s 521 - common under smooth s t o n e s , Opo. P a t e l l i d a e :

^ C e l l a n a r a d i a n s 5 2 3 - common on ro c k raid-low t i d e . Wide v a r i a t i o n i n t h i s spec. Some h i g h apex l e n g t h 4 5 mm. x h e i g h t 13 mm.

+0. s t e l l i f e r a 5 2 6 - 1 s p e c . , low t i d e r o c k , Omapu. C. d e n t i c u l a t a 5 2 8 - 3 spec, o f t h i s common s o u t h e r n l i m p e t

on v e r t i c a l exposed r o c k . *C. o r n a t a 5 2 9 - as C. r a d i a n s but on rough s u r f a c e s and

e x t e n d i n g r a t h e r f u r t h e r up sho r e . L i t t o r i n i d a e :

•Melaraphe o l i v e r i 551 - abundant a l l r o c k i n h i g h t i d e -^d ^ s p l a s h zones.

Z e l a x i t a s c y s t o p h o r a 5 5 8 - f a i r l y common, seaweed was' Omapu. /

Z. m i e r a 5 5 9 - common, h i g h t i d e p o o l , Opo. B e m b i c i i d a e :

+ R i s e l l o p s i s v a r i a 5 6 3 - h i g h t i d e c r e v i c e s •=> N. Opc 0 R i s s o i d a e :

+ E s t e a s e m i p l i c a t a 5 9 8 - common i n h i g h t i d e p o o l , / ^ E, nov. sp. c f . minor 6 0 0 - n o t common i n h i g h ti?z,

N. Opo. (Type l o c a l i t y , T a u r a n g a . ^ ^ H a u r a k i a h a m i l t o n i 616 - n o t uncommon, seaweed w °

Omapu and Opo* . +M e r e l i n a l y a l l i a n a 6 2 5 common und e r s t o n e s i n ,

d i t i o n s j u s t below mean low watf M e r e l i n a superba? 631 - 1 s p e c . , d i t t o , P r o m e r e l i n a l a c u n o s a 6 4 2 - 2 spec., h i g h t i d e N o t o s e t i a i n f e c t a 6 6 7 - 1 spec- on sponge, l o

N o r t h Opo. ( • +N. mi cans 671 - few spec, p o o l d r i f t , N o r t h 0], o N. s u b c a r i n a t a 6 8 6 - uncommon, h i g h t i d e p o o l , e5 i f S c r o b s semen 7 0 0 - uncommon, seaweed washings, h& §

h i g h t i d e p o o l , Opo. ^ *Da r d a n u l a o l i v a c e a 7 0 8 - common,, low t i d e , s t o n e s and

weed, Opo and Omapu.

1 3 0 .

D a r d a n u l a l i m b a t a 711 - 2 spec, h i g h t i d e p o o l , Opo. R i s s o i n i d a e :

+ R i s s o i n a chathamensis 7 2 9 - not common, low t i d e p o o l and d r i f t , Opo.

— +R. r u f o l a c t e a 7 3 6 - 2 spec., p o o l s , N o r t h Opo. C e r i t h i d a e :

+Zeacumantus s u b c a r i n a t u s 7 6 0 - common h i g h t i d e p o o l s , N o r t h Opo.

+ J o c u l a t o r dirempus 7 8 7 - not common, on M i c r o d i c t y o h i n l a r g e , deep h i g h t i d a l p o o l , N o r t h Opo.

V e r m e t i d a e : Novastoa l a m e l l o s u m 801 - low t i d e , Opo.

T r i p h o r i d a e : + N o t o s i n i s t e r i n f e l . i x 7 9 4 - on M i c r o d i c t y o n , deep, h i g h

tidaT p o o l , N o r t h Opo. T u r r i t e l l i d a e :

Z e a c u l p u s f u l m i n a t u s 8 1 3 - dead s h e l l s n o t uncommon, Omapu.

C a l y p t r a e i d a e : M a o r i c r y p t a ( Z e a c r y p t a ) monoxyla 8 2 9 - common, low tide,Opo,

Cymatidae: Mayena a u s t r a l a s i a n a 8 6 9 - 2 specimens, low t i d e r o c k s ,

s o u t h Opo. J a n t h i d a e :

J a n t h i n a ( i o d i n a ) e x i g u a 8 6 6 - dead s h e l l s , d r i f t , Opo. C o m i n e l l i d a e :

C o m i n e l l a maculosa 1 1 0 3 - - 1 s p e c , low t i d e r o c k s , S.Opo. M u r i c i d a e :

Z e a t r o p h o n ambiguus 1 132 - 1 spec., dead d r i f t , Omapu. T h a i s i d a e :

^ N e o t h a i s ( D i c a t h a i s ) s c a l a r i s 1 1 6 3 - common low t i d e l e d g e s and n i c h e s , r o c k s .

^ L e p s i e l l a s c o b i n a ( a l b o m a r g i n a t a ? ) 1 1 6 5 - common, i n t e r -t i d a l r o c k s .

O l i v i d a e : B a r y s p i r a a u s t r a l i s 1 2 3 8 - few dead s h e l l s , h e r m i t crabs,

Omapu. B. ( A l o c o s p i r a ) novae z e l a n d i a e 1 2 4 0 - d i t t o . B. ( P i n g u i s p i r a ) d e p r e s s a ' 1 241 - d i t t o .

T u r r i d a e : A ntimelatoma buchanani maorum 1282 - 1 spec, o f t h i s deep

water s p e c i e s washed up, Opo. T e r e b r i d a e :

P e r v i c a c i a t r i s t i s 1 3 4 6 - uncommon, h e r m i t c r a b s , Omapu. A p l y s i i d a e :

T ethys t r y o n i 1 4 0 0 - 1 spec, washed up, Omapu.

131 *

D o r i d i g i t a t i d a e ; + A l l o l p d o r i ? 1423 - 1 s p e c * , low t i d e pool,N.Opo.

E l l o b i i d a e : *Leueono.psis o b s o l e t a 1454 - h i g h t i d e c r e v i c e s , N.Opo,

^uīīeommon,

A M P H ī N E U R A

Le p i d o c h i t o n i d a e . s . P a r i c o p l a x c r o c l n a 1771 - low t i d e p o o l , N. Opo.

Gr y p t o c o n c h i d a e : »Acanthochiton zelandicus• h o o k e r ! 1779 - d i t t o (7 v a l v e s ) ' . ,

C h i t o n i d a e : * S y p h a r o c h i t o n sin.clairl (Gray) 1810 - M i d l i t t o r a l , common.

C E P H A L O P O D A

S p i r u l i d a e : -S p i r u l a s p i r i l l a 1826 - d r i f t , Opo.

Ommastrephidae: NotoAQ^a£ug_ 1831 ~ 1 s p e c , washed up, N.W. Bay;

1 s p e c a t Omapu, Octopodidae?

' *Qc^QP^.:5!..,"15?.1!1^ 1.845 ~ 1 s p e c , approx. 90 cms. under b o u l d e r , S-Opo r e e f .

A r g o n a u t i d a e : * A r g c n a u t a n o d o s a ••- about 10 female specimens found, a l l but

'"1852""'C'...ree 1 i n , or l e s s , about 8 cms.. One from ' N.W. Bay, 2 from Omapu, Most s m a l l ones from Omapu- 2 each from N.W. & Opo Bays. T h i s m o l l u s c i s commonly found on the I s l a n d a t t h i s time o f the y e a r , e v i d e n t l y i n s h a l l o w water w h i l e b r e e d i n g . Perhaps s e a s o n a b l e weather a c c o u n t e d f o r t h e i r r a r i t y on t h i s o c c a s i o n , However, many hundreds o f the i n ­co n s p i c u o u s male were found washed up„ Opo Ba;

3 2 .

M A R I N E M O L L U S C S

O P H E N I S L A N D .

E.N. M i l l i g a n ,

The ar e a s t u d i e d was l i m i t e d t o O l d Woman's Cove which i n c l u d e d d i s s e c t e d headland and s h e l t e r e d r o c k s and b o u l ­d e r s . C o l l e c t i n g was c o n c e n t r a t e d on the r o c k and b o u l d e r comm­u n i t i e s f o r t h e purpose o f making comparisons w i t h e q u i v a l e n t comm­u n i t i e s o c c u r r i n g a t L i t t l e B j . r r i e r and Mayor I s . Open r o c k u s u a l l y shows a c h a r a c t e r i s t i c f a una f o r one p r o v i n c e and t h i s i s p r o b a b l y due to the h i g h degree o f s p e c i a l i s a t i o n r e q u i r e d i n a more u n f a v ­o u r a b l e environment. The g r e a t e r v a r i e t y o f more f a v o u r a b l e con­d i t i o n s among s h e l t e r e d r o c k s a l l o w ready c o l o n i s a t i o n by a v a r i e t y o f s p e c i e s and c o n s e q u e n t l y comparisons w i t h i n a s i n g l e p r o v i n c e can be more r e a d i l y made i n t h i s h a b i t a t .

A t the head o f O l d Woman's Cove the rough s t o n e s and b o u l d e r s were l y i n g i n sand from neap t o h i g h e r t i d e l e v e l s . A t neap t i d e the u n d e r s i d e s o f these s t o n e s were cov e r e d w i t h l a r g e numbers o f the R i s s o i d M e r e l i n a l y a l l i a n a and l e s s comm­o n l y w i t h the b i v a l v e s H o c h s t e t t e r i a munita and T r i c h o m u s c u i u s b a r -ba t u s . M e r e l i n a was found o c c u r r i n g i n the same manner on the sandy Omapu Bay s t o n e s o f Mayor I s . but a p p a r e n t l y w i t h o u t the o t h e r two s p e c i e s .

A t low t i d e s p r i n g the sand l e v e l dropped \ and the r o c k s were p i l e d on one a n o t h e r , and c o v e r e d w i t h a e^" ^ pj\ uous mass o f sponge and . a s c i d i a n s . I t was from here t h a t ^ $ \ o *A the records, came, ' o ®Y* %\

The f o l l o w i n g l i s t (67 spp. and S L ^laV**?^ r e f e r s t o s p e c i e s found i n the Cove u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e s t a t e d , '^©V* A

— — — — — — % \ $

P S L Y C O P 0 D A %K<

A r c i d a e *

CO

A r e a nc vaeze ?•::•&-• -t 1 ae .-.. 28 - hot •uncommon, low t i d e s p r i . cj> ̂ < P h i l o b r y i d a e : ^ o

+Hochstette ;rii>. munita. 43 - \ common between low. t i d e neap- ^ % and s p r i n g . <£

M y t i l i d a e : ^ T r i c h o m u s c u i u s b a r b a t u s 60 - d i t t o .

P e c t i n i d a e : -• • +Chlamy n (M ima c h l amy s ) . z e l a n d i a e 73 - 1 s p e c , a low t i d e

s p r i n g . C a r d i t i d a e :

+ C a r d i t a _ aoteana 1 2 9 - 2 j u v e n i l e spp*, low t i d e s p r i n g .

1 3 3 .

O s t r e i d a e : G r a s s o s t r e a ( = S a x o s t r e a ) g l o m e r a t a 1 0 0 - mid t i d e , Old-

Woman Rock. L e p t o n i d a e : ~ ~

Las a e a maoria 1 6 6 - common, h i g h t i d e c r e v i c e s . H i a t e l l i d a e :

+ H - i a t e l l a a u s t r a l i s 2~J3 - common, low t i d e s p r i n g .

G A S T S R 0 P 0 D..A

H a l i o t i d a e : . . . * H a l l o t u s (Paua) i r i s 3 1 3 r a r e , on s i d e s o f s t o n e s , probably

due t o uneven r o c k surfaces.. -

F i s s u r e l l i d a e : + Tugali e l e g a n s 321 - 1 j u v e n i l e s p e c., low t i d e s p r i n g .

T r o c h i d a e : -* T h o r i s t e l l a o p p r e s s a 3 4 6 - common under s t o n e s below

low t i d e neap. +Melagraphia a e t h i o p s 351 - common, mid t i d e . + Z e d i l o m a morio 3 5 8 - d i t t o . * A n i s o d i l o m a l u g u b r i s 3 6 0 - common under s t o n e s , low t i d e

neap. ^ M i c r o l e n c h u s d i l a t a t u s 3 7 7 - common, low t i d e seaweed.

S t o m a t e l l i d a e : *Herpetopoma b e l l a 381 - common, low t i d e .

L i o t i i d a e : ( p o o l . L o d d e r i a i o t a 4 2 3 - 1 s p e c , C o r a l l i n a w ashings, low t i d e

T u r b i n i d a e : ^ L u n e l l a smaragda 4 8 8 - common, low t i d e . + C o o k i a s u l c a t a 491 - d i t t o .

N e r i t i d a e : + N e r i t a ( M e l a n e r i t a ) m e lanotragus 493 - common, mid t i d e .

P a t e l l o i d i d a e : • f P a t e l l o i d a c o r t i c a t a c o r a l l i n a 501 common, mid t i d e . + Radiacmea i n c o n s p i c u a 5 0 4 - common, low t i d e s p r i n g . *.Notoacmea p i l e o p s i s 5 0 9 - common, O l d Woman Rock. *N.. p i l e o p s i s c e l l a n o i d e s 510 - r e c o r d e d from i s l a n d . * Atalacmea f r a g i l i s 521 - uncommon, low t i d e neap.<

P a t e l l i d a e : * C e l l a n a r a d i a n s 5 2 3 - common, mid t i d e . +C, s t e l l i f e r a 5 2 ? - 1 j u v . s p e c , low t i d e , s p r i n g . *C. o r n a t a 5 2 9 - common, mid t i d e .

L i t t o r i n i d a e : *Melaraphe o l i v e r i 551 - abundant, h i g h t i d e .

B e m b i c i i d a e : + R i s e l l o p s i s v a r i a 5 6 3 - common, h i g h t i d e .

1 3 4 .

R i s s o i d a e : +Estea i m p r e s s a 5 9 4 --not tin common, low t i d e . ^ H a u r a k i a h a m i l t o n i 616 - common, low t i d e , C o r a l l i n a p o o l . + M e r e l i n a l y a l l i a n a 6 2 5 - e x t r e m e l y abundant, s m o t h e r i n g

sandy s t o n e s j u s t above low t i d e s p r i n g . 5*Dardanula o l i v a c e a 708 - common, low t i d e p o o l s & seaweed. D. l i m b a t a 711 - 1 s p e c . , low t i d e under s t o n e . L a r o c h e l l a a l t a 7 2 6 - 1 spec., low t i d e , C o r a l l i n a p o o l .

R i s s o i n i d a e : . + R i s s o i n a chathamensis 7 2 9 - common under s t o n e s , low t i d e ,

s p r i n g . +R. r u f o l a c t e a 7 3 6 - 1 spec., low t i d e , C o r a l l i n a p o o l .

C e r i t h i i d a e : Zacays s a r i s s a 782 - 1 spec, under s t o n e , low t i d e s p r i n g .

+ J o c u l a t o r dirempus 787 - 1 s p e c . , d i t t o . • T r i p h o r i d a e :

+ N o t o s i n i s t e r i n f e l i x 7 9 4 - not uncommon, d i t t o . N. ampul l u s 795 uncommon, d i t t o .

Vermedbidae: +Stephopoma roseum 8 0 2 - uncommon, low t i d e .

Cymatidae: +Mayena a u s t r a l a s i a 869'- uncommon, low t i d e .

i - i r c h i t e c t o n i c i d a e : P h i l j p p i a l u t e a 9 0 5 -1 spec, o f t h i s v e r y r a r e m o l l u s c was

found on sponge under a stone a t extreme low t i d e by R. B i e l e s k i . ••; :.

F a s c i o l a r i i d a e : * Tar on dub i us 1 0 2 5 - n o t common, low t i d e .

M i t r i d a e : + A u s t r o m i t r a r u b i g i n o s a 1 0 3 4 - uncommon, low t i d e , s t o n e s .

B u c c i n u l i d a e : +Buccinulum ( E u t h r e n a ) heteromorphum 1071 - q u i t e uncommon,

d i t t o . C o m i n e l l i d a e :

+Cominella v i r g a t a 1104 - not common, d i t t o . T h a i s i d a e :

^ N e o t h a i s ( D i c a t h a i s ) s c a l a r i s 1 1 6 3 - low t i d e l e d g e s . »Lepsia haustrum 1 1 6 4 - d i t t o . ^ L e p s i e l l a s c o b i n a a l b o m a r g i n a t a 1 1 6 6 - mid t i d e .

P l e u r o b r a n c h i d a e : + B o u v i e r i a o r n a t a 1 4 0 4 - n o t uncommon, low t i d e , s p r i n g .

D o r i d i g i t a t i d a e : + A l l o i o d o r i s l a n u g i n a t a ? 1 4 2 3 - 1 s p e c , low t i d e s p r i n g . G l o s s o d o r i s a u r e o m a r g i n a t a 1 4 2 6 - uncommon, d i t t o . Ceratosoma amoena 1 4 2 8 - d i t t o ,

D o r i o b s i d a e : D e n d r o d o r i s c i t r i n a 1 4 3 4 - not uncommon, d i t t o .

133.

A e o l i d i i d a e : One specimen of an A e o l i d nudibranch as f o l l o w s : 1 p a i r of b u c c a l t e n t a c l e s ; 1 p a i r of p u s t u l a t e rhinophores approx­imate at t h e i r bases. Two v e n t r o l a t e r a l lobes below the mouth running p o s t e r i o r l y and j o i n e d f o r 2 / 3 t h e i r l e n g t h by f l a p s to the body. H e p a t i c c e r a t a numerous, extending a n t e r i o r to the rhinophores. A n t e r i o r c e r a t a c l u s t e r e d to form a group on e i t h e r s i d e from which a continuous row- passes back on e i t h e r s i d e o f the body. Colour: pink, b u c c a l t e n t a c l e s orange, rhinophores orange with r e d p u s t u l e s and white t i p p e d ; h e p a t i c c e r a t a p u r p l e -r e d d i s h brown; white c i r c l e with white dot i n c e n t r e be­tween t e n t a c l e s and rhinophores; white dots down c e n t r e of back. T h i s a t t r a c t i v e nudibranch was found under sponge-covered stone i n the i n f r a l i t t o r a l f r i n g e . P o s s i b l y a new s p e c i e s .

E l l o b i i d a e : +Leuconopsis o b s o l e t a 1 4 5 4 - hi g h t i d e c r e v i c e s

S i p h o n a r i i d a e : +Siphonaria z e l a n d i c a 1 4 5 8 - mid t i d e p o o l s .

O n c h i d i i d a e : Q n c h i d e l l a n i g r i c a n s 1 7 5 2 - low t i d e .

A M P H I N E U R A

Is c h n o c h i t o n i d a e : +Ischno.chiton maorianus 1 7 5 5 - common under low t i d e stones.

Cryptoconchidae: (stones. Cryptoconchus porosus 1777 - not uncommon under low t i d e

^Acanthochiton z e l a n d i c u s hookeri 1779 - d i t t o . +Notoplax v i o l a c e a 1783 - 1 juv. spec., d i t t o .

C h i t o n i d a e : +Amaurochiton glaucus 1808 - common under low t i d e stones. * P.•.'pharo-chiton p e l l o serpent i s 1809 - common, m i d - t i d e . +S. S i n c l a i r i 1810 - common, lo w - t i d e .

136.

M A R I N E M O L L U S C S

L I T T L E B A R R I E R

E.N. M i l l i g a n .

F i v e h a b i t a t s were found on the i s l a n d : 1) P e b b l e beach. Here the r o c k s a r e smooth and exposed, and form

an u n s t a b l e s u b s t r a t e . .tfhis smooth rounded s u r f a c e and c o n s t a n t c r u s h i n g movement g r e a t l y r e d u c e s chances of c o l o n i s a t i o n ; a l s o i t p r e c l u d e s f o r m a t i o n of such s u i t a b l e h a b i t a t s as r o c k p o o l s and c r e v i c e s . C o n s e q u e n t l y the m o l l u s c a n fauna here i s l i m i t e d , a l t h o u g h a t l o w e s t t i d e where -the s t o n e s a r e h e a v i e r and t h e r e i s , l e s s movement, l e s s h i g h l y adapted s p e c i e s sometimes appear.

2) L a r g e r r o c k s , p r e d o m i n a n t l y immobile. T h i s h a b i t a t i s not so h a r s h i n t h a t i t i s more s t a b l e ) but s t i l l c r e v i c e and p o o l s p e c i e s a r e absent.

3) Open r o c k , the most exposed b e i n g Ngatamahine Rocks. 4) S h e l t e r e d r e e f c o n d i t i o n s g i v i n g a wide v a r i e t y o f f a v o u r a b l e

c o n d i t i o n s f o r many m o l l u s c s . 3) Only a. few p a t c h e s of sand o c c u r r e d as s u r f a c e s u b s t r a t e . Two

s p e c i e s were found under s t o n e s i n c o n t a c t w i t h i t .

A t o t a l o f 75 s p e c i e s and s u b s p e c i e s were r e c o r d e d .

P E L E C Y P Q D A

G l y c y m e r i d a e : +Glycymeris l a t i c o s t a t a 3 0 - 1 dead s p e c . , s u b l i t t o r a l , o f f

s o u t h c o a s t . M y t i l i d a e :

+Modiolus n e o z e l a n i c u s 64 - r a r e , Te Hue P(b, m i d - t i d a l . Modiolus, a r e o l a t u s 65 - 1 spec, dead, a t t a c h e d E c k l o n i a base,

* T r i c h o m u s c u i u s b a r b a t u s 6 8 - 2 s p e c . , Ngatamahine Rocks, mid t i d e , p o o l c r e v i c e .

P e c t i n i d a e : +Chlamys (Mimachlamys) z e l a n d i a e 7 3 - 1 s p e c . , low water

s p r i n g under s t a b l e s t o n e s , South T i t o k i . O s t r e i d a e :

* C r a s s o s t r e a (= S a x o s t r e a ) g l o m e r a t a 100 - c o n f i n e d t o mid-t i d e p l a t f o r m s s h e l t e r e d f r o m f u l l wave ex­p o s u r e , H i n g a i a , Ngatamahine Rocks.

L e p t o n i d a e : +Lasaea hinemoa 165 - common, h i g h t i d e , c r e v i c e s , Te Hue-

Ngatamahine Rocks.

137.

H i a t e l l i d a e : + H i a t e l l a a u s t r a l i s 273 - common, h i g h w a t e r , Te Hue and

under E c k l o n i a base. ....

G A S'-T-E- R 0 P 0 D A S c i s s u r e l l i d a e :

•i-Scissurona r o s e a 305 - 1 spec. , low t i d e , s p r i n g . Te Hue. H a l i o t i d a e :

; : * H a l i o t i s (Paua) i r i s 313 - low s p r i n g , n o t uncommon under more s t a b l e b o u l d e r s and at Te. Hue r e e f .

H. ( N o t o h a l i o t i s ) a u s t r a l i s 314 - 1 s p e c , low s p r i n g , T e Hue. F i s s u r e l l i d a e :

+ T u g a l i e l e g a n s 321 - low t i d e s p r i n g , few j u v e n i l e s under more s t a b l e s t o n e s a t H i n g a i a r e e f .

+T. s u t e r i bascauda 325 - low t i d e , n ot uncommon, H i n g a i a and Te Hue.

T r o c h i d a e : Trochus ( T h o r i s t a ) v i r i d u s 339 - uncommon, low water neap,

Te Hue and H i n g a i a Reef. • ^ T h o r i s t e l l a o p p r e s s a 346 - common, d i t t o . -HMelagraphia a e t h i o p s 351 - mid- t i d e , n o t common, p e b b l e

beach. Becomes more common from exposed t o more sh e l t e r e d rock.

Zediloma d i g n a 352 - abundant m i d - t i d e , on d e c a y i n g E c k l o n i a , p e b b l e & b o u l d e r beach.

Z. ( F r a c t a r m i l l a ) a t r o v i r e n s 357 - mid t i d e i n s m a l l a r e a a t N. T i t o k i , found s m o t h e r i n g d e c a y i n g E c k l o n i a .

+Z. ( F r a c t a r m i l l a ) morio 358 - common, h i g h t i d e , p e b b l e b o u l d e r s , open ro c k .

* A n i s o d i l o m a l u g u b r i s 360 - common, h i g h t i d e , under s t o n e s . M i c r e l e n c h u s r u f o z o n u s 375 - 1 dead s p e c . , s u b l i t t o r a l ,

o f f s o u t h c o a s t . M i c r e l e n c h u s d i l a t a t u s 377 - common, on E c k l o n i a and Carpo­

p h y l l u m . H i n g a i a and Te Hue, + F o s s a r i n a r i m a t a 380 - common, h i g h t i d e c r e v i c e s , Te Hue.

S t o m a t e l l i d a e : ^Herpetapoma b e l l a 381 - common, h i g h t i d e under s t o n e s ,

Te Hue. C a l l i o s t o m a t i d a e :

V e nustus ( M u c r i n o p s ) p u n c t u l a t a 401 - 1 l i v e specimen i n m i d - t i d e p o o l , Ngatamahine r o c k s . T h i s was p o s s i b l y washed from i t s s u b l i t t o r a l h a b i ­t a t by a storm.

T u r b i n i d a e : ^ L u n e l l a smaragda 488 - low t i d e under s t a b l e r o c k s , E.Cape.

Rocks and Carpophyllum. Te Hue and H i n g a i a . L a r g e specimen, 65 x 60 mm.

138.

+Cookia s u l c a t a 491 - low t i d e as l a s t , and a l s o m i d - t i d e , p o o l , Ngatamahine.

N e r i t i d a e : + N e r i t a ( M e l a n e r i t a ) melanotragus 493 - the most abundant

m o l l u s c o f the pebb l e and b o u l d e r beaches, d o t t i n g the m i d - t i d a l r e g i o n w i t h i t s con­s p i c u o u s b l a c k s h e l l ,

P a t e l l o i d i d a e : ' + P a t e l l o i d a c o r t i c a t a c o r a l l i n a 501 - common, m i d - t i d e ,

open r o c k . +Radiacmea i n c o n s p i c u a 504 - common, low t i d e on Paua and

c o r a l l i n e r o c k s , Te Hue and H i n g a i a . *Notoacmea p i l e o p s i s 509 - common, h i g h t i d e on exposed r o c k . *N. p i l e o p s i s c e l l a n o i d e s 510 - uncommon, as l a s t , c o n f i n e d

-to rough s u r f a c e s near C r a y f i s h Rock and Te Hue ( t y p e l o c a l i t y L i t t l e B a r r i e r ) .

+N. (Parvacmea) d a e d a l a 513 - common, low t i d e under smooth s t o n e s , p e b b l e beach and r e e f s .

* Atalacmea f r a g i l i s 521 - d i t t o , uncommon i n r e e f c o n d i t i o n s . P a t e l l i d a e :

^-Cellana r a d i a n s 523 - abundant,, mid-low t i d e p ebble beach, r e e f and open r o c k .

+.C. s ^ e l l i f e r a 526 - 2 specimens o n l y , under s t o n e s , h i g h t i d e , s p r i n g . Te Hue r e e f ,

^C. o r n a t a 529 - common, c o n f i n e d m a i n l y t o uneven s u r f a c e s , b o u l d e r s and open r o c k .

L i t t o r i n i d a e : »MeXarHaphe o l i v e r i 551 w abundant, h i g h t i d e , s p r i n g ,

B e m b i c i i d a e : * R i s e l l o p s i s v a r i a 563 - common, h i g h t i d e c r e v i c e s , Te Hue.

R i s s o i d a e : B s t e a z o s t e r o p h l l a 592 - common, under low t i d e s t o n e s ,

Te Hue. +B. i m p r e s s a 594 - n o t uncommon, d i t t o . E. s u b f u s c a 596 - not uncommon, d i t t o .

^ H a u r a k i a h a m i l t o n i 616 - 2 s p e c , d i t t o . M e r e l i n a t a u p o e n s i s 629 - 1 s p e c , mid t i d e p o o l s , sponge,

Ngatamahine. ^ D a r d a n u l a o l i v a c e a 708 - v e r y common, low t i d e s t o n e s , r e e f s ,

A s s i m i n e i d a e : S u t e r i l l a n e o z e l a n i c a 759 - not uncommon I n storm bank deb­

r i s where Pohutukawa shade p r e v e n t e d some d r y i n g out.

T r i p h o r i d a e : N o t o s i n i s t e r f a s c e l i n u s 793 - 1 dead s p e c . , Ngatamahine. +N. i n f e l i x 794 - under s t o n e s , h i g h t i d e s p r i n g , Te Hue.

Ve r m e t i d a e : +Stephanopoma roseum 803 - 1 dead spec, i n d r i f t , s o u t h

c o a s t .

Cymatidae: C h a r o n i a capax 8 6 5 - o c c a s i o n a l l y i n . d r i f t , . o n e spec, washed

•up a l i v e , s o u t h l a n d i n g , August, •fMayena a u s t r a l a s i a 8 6 9 - o c c a s i o n a l l y i n d r i f t .

F a s c i o l a r i d a e : • -. , • , . ^ Tar on d u b i u s 1 0 2 5 - n o t common, low t i d e s't one's,'Te Hue'.

M i t r i d a e : 7 •> : ' + A u s t r o m i t r a r u b i g i n o s a 1 0 3 4 - uncommon, d i t t o .

B u c c i n u l i d a e : B u c c i n u l u m l i n e u m 1 0 4 5 - 1 l i v e s p e c , m i d - t i d e p o o l ,

Ngatamahine. See Venustus. C o m i n e l l i d a e :

C o m i h e l l a quoyana 1 1 13 - common, s u b l i t t o r a l on f i s h i n g hooks, few hundred y a r d s o f f South c o a s t .

T h a i s i d a e : "•'Neothais ( D i c a t h a i s ) s c a l a r i s 116 3 - common under l e d g e s ,

open r o c k ( j u v e n i l e s under low t i d e s t o n e s ) * L e p s i a haustrum 116-6 - l e s s oommon, under l e d g e s . * L e p s i e l l a s c o b i n a a l b o m a r g i n a t a 116 5 - abundant, open ro c k .

P y r e n i d a e : Z e m i t r e l l a chaova 1180 - 1 s p e c , low t i d e s t o n e s , Te Hue. P a x u l a p a x i l l u s 119 7 - low t i d e s t o n e s , Te Hue, and s t o n e s

i n sand near Shag c o l o n y . P l e u r o b r a n c h i d a e :

+ B o u v i e r i a o r n a t a 1 4 0 4 - 1 spec., low t i d e , s p r i n g , under s t a b l e r o c k , T i t o k i s o u t h l a n d i n g .

D o r i d i g i t a t i d a e : C t e n o d o r i s f l a b e . l l i f e r a 1 4 2 0 - d i t t o .

H a l g e r d i d a e : A p h e l o d o r i s a f f i n i s 1431 - low t i d e , 1 spec, on Carpo- ,

p h y l l u m , Te Hue. E l l o b i i d a e :

M a r i n u l a f i l h o l i 1451 - common h i g h t i d e , a few m i d - t i d e , pebble beach.

^ L e u c o n o p s i s o b s o l e t a 1 4 5 4 - common, h i g h t i d e c r e v i c e s , Te Hue.

S i p h o n a r i i d a e : * S i p h o n a r i a , z e l a n d i c a 1 4 5 8 - mid t i d e t o h i g h t i d e , neap,

r o c k and b o u l d e r s . Common. O n c h i d i i d a e :

O n c h i d e l l a p a t e l l o i d e s 1 7 5 4 - common, low t i d e neap, Te Hue.

A M P H I N E U R A

I s c h n o c h i t o n i d a e : + I s c h n o c h i t o n maorianus 1 7 5 5 - common under low t i d e s t o n e s .

140.

L e p i d o c h i t o n i d a e : -t-Eudoxochiton n o b i l i s 1 7 7 4 - f a i r l y common, exposed r o c k .

H a i n g a i a . C r y p t o c o n c h i d a e :

* A c a n t h o c h i t o n z e l a n d i c u s h o o k e r i 1778 - low t i d e under s t o n e s , E a s t Cape.

P l a x i p h o r i d a e : G u i l d i n g i a o b t e c t a 1798 - 1 j u v . spec, i n m i d - t i d e p o o l ,

H i n g a i a . C h i t o n i d a e :

^Amaurochiton g l a u c u s 1808 - under s t o n e s , low t i d e , E.Cape. Large s p e c . , 47 mm. x 30 mm.

^ S y p h a r o c h i t o n p e l l i s e r p e n t i s 1809 - common, exposed r o c k . • f O n i t h o c h i t o n n e g l e c t u s 1812 - few specimens, low t i d e

s t o n e s , Te Hue.

C E P H A L O P O D A Ar gonautIda e:

•fArgonauta nodosa 1852 - r a r e l y specimens are found washed up here.

G E N E R A L D I S C U S S I O N

W i t h r e f e r e n c e to the t h r e e l i s t s , a h i g h c o - i n c i d e n c e of s p e c i e s i s a t once e v i d e n t . I n f a c t , s u ch s p e c i e s dominate the l i s t s . T h i s i s not s u r p r i s i n g as a l l 3 i s l a n d s l i e i n the same (A u p o u r i a n ) P r o v i n c e , and a l l e x p e r i e n c e . r o u g h l y the same wave exposure. Many o f t h e s e r e c o r d s are widespread,, common open r o c k forms; but a l a r g e number, i n c l u d i n g some r a t h e r un­common s p e c i e s , a r e from low t i d e under s t o n e s where wave exposure i s a r e l a t i v e l y u n i m p o r t a n t f a c t o r . The p r o b a b l e r e a s o n l i e s i n t h e v o l c a n i c r o c k s o f the i s l a n d s and the q u i c k l y s h e l v i n g a d j a c e n t sea f l o o r s s u p p l y i n g a s i m i l a r s u b s t r a t e i n each l o c a l i t y . Most o f the s p e c i e s found on one i s l a n d o n l y ' were from h a b i t a t s found o n l y on t h a t i s l a n d ; e.g. p e b b l e beach on L i t t l e B a r r i e r and sandy beach on Mayor I s . : o t h e r s are v e r y s m a l l s p e c i e s which may have been o v e r ­l o o k e d elsewhere.

Many of the genera, e s p e c i a l l y at. Hen. I s . , show t r o p i c a l and s u b t r o p i c a l a f f i n i t i e s , p a r t i c u l a r l y A u s t r a l i a n r e l a t i o n s h i p s ; as i s t y p i c a l o f t h e A u p o u r i a n P r o v i n c e ; e.g. the N u d i b r a n c h s G l o s s o d o r i s , Ceratosoma, D e n d r o d o r i s and A r g o n a u t a and P h i l i p p e a . However, i t i s i n t e r e s t i n g t o n o t i c e a l s o the i n f i l ­t r a t i o n o f s p e c i e s from the c o l d temperate F o s t e r i a n p r o v i n c e , a i d e d by c u r r e n t s r u n n i n g up the E a s t Coast. At Mayor I s . we f i n d C e l l a n a d e n t i c u l a t a , found commonly i n Otago but l i m i t e d m a i n l y to K a i k o u r a , Cape K i d n a p p e r s , E a s t Cape, Poor K n i g h t s ' , N o r t h Cape and Three

K i n g s i n the n o r t h . Notoacmea p i l e o p s i s c e l l a n o i d e s c v e r y much l i k e N. p i l e o p s i s p i l e o p s i s a t Banks P e n i n s u l a , has a c h i e v e d s u b s p e c i f i c rank a t the ty p e l o c a l i t y - L i t t l e B a r r i e r ( O l i v e r ) . . . . . Z e d i l o m a d i g n a . a form f e e d i n g on D u r v i l l e a a t W e l l i n g t o n and f u r t h e r s o u t h , has been c a r r i e d n o r t h t o the West Coast ( P o w e l l ) and i s found a t L i t t l e B a r r i e r f e e d i n g on d e c a y i n g E c k l o n i a .

R e f e r e n c e s :

O l i v e r , W.R.B. 1 9 2 6 , " A u s t r a l a s i a n P a t e l l o i d i d a e . " Trans. N.Z. I n s t . , V o l . 5 6 .

P o w e l l , A.W.B. 1 9 2 4 . "Notes on New Z e a l a n d M o l l u s c a . " N.Z. Jo u r n . S c i . & Tech. 9 V o l . 4 , no,. 4 .

~ 1 9 4 6 . " S h e l l f i s h of New Z e a l a n d . " Whitcombe & Tombs L t d .

— — . 1 9 5 3 » " A d d i t i o n s to the Recent M o l l u s c a n Fauna o f New Z e a l a n d . " B u l l . Conch. S e c t . Auck. Mus. & I n s t , , No. 9 .

Thomsony J.M. 1 9 5 4 » "The Genero o f O y s t e r s . " A u s t . J o u r n . M a r i n e & F.W. R e s e a r c h . V o l . 5 , no. 1 .

141 .