marine envenoming
DESCRIPTION
A clinical overview of marine envenoming from an Australian perspective. Slides used for teaching session for the Fellowship of the Australian College of tropical Medicine.TRANSCRIPT
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Marine Marine Envenoming Envenoming
Chris NicksonChris Nicksonhttp://lifeinthefastlane.com http://lifeinthefastlane.com
September 2010September 2010
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OverviewOverview
• Box jellyfishBox jellyfish
• Irukandji syndromeIrukandji syndrome
• Blue bottlesBlue bottles
• Blue-ringed octopusBlue-ringed octopus
• StonefishStonefish
• Many others!...Many others!...
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When Doug met StruanWhen Doug met Struan……
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When Doug met StruanWhen Doug met Struan……
• Doug:Doug:
‘So what do we do ‘So what do we do if we get bitten by if we get bitten by something deadly, something deadly, then?’then?’
• Struan:Struan:
‘Well what do you ‘Well what do you think you do?’think you do?’
‘You die of course. ‘You die of course. That’s what deadly That’s what deadly means.’means.’
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Box JellyfishBox JellyfishChironex fleckeriChironex fleckeri
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Box jellyfish worldwideBox jellyfish worldwide
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Clinical featuresClinical features• Stinger season (Nov-Stinger season (Nov-
April)April)• Linear cross-hatched Linear cross-hatched
weltswelts• Adherent tentaclesAdherent tentacles• Severe pain (8h)Severe pain (8h)• Collapse and Collapse and
cardiovascular effectscardiovascular effects• ScarringScarring• Delayed hypersensitivityDelayed hypersensitivity
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ManagementManagement
• Prehospital Prehospital – AnalgesiaAnalgesia– VinegarVinegar– No PIBNo PIB
• Resuscitation Resuscitation – HypotensionHypotension– DysrhythmiasDysrhythmias– Cardiac arrestCardiac arrest
• AnalgesiaAnalgesia– Ice (hot water?)Ice (hot water?)
• Wound careWound care• AntivenomAntivenom
– Arrest: 6 ampsArrest: 6 amps– Unstable: 3 ampsUnstable: 3 amps– Refractory pain: 1 Refractory pain: 1
ampamp
• Delayed type Delayed type hypersensitivityhypersensitivity– Steroid creamSteroid cream
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Irukandji SyndromeIrukandji SyndromeCarukia barnesi Carukia barnesi & others& others
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• ““The first Carybdeid was applied to an The first Carybdeid was applied to an adult (J.B.), and to a boy, aged nine adult (J.B.), and to a boy, aged nine years (N.B.). A robust young life-saver years (N.B.). A robust young life-saver (C.R.) volunteered to test the second (C.R.) volunteered to test the second specimen, of similar size to the first.specimen, of similar size to the first.””
Barnes, J. H. (1964). “Cause and Effect in Irukandji Stingings.” Med J Aust 1: 897-.
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Clinical featuresClinical features
• Exmouth to Moreton BayExmouth to Moreton Bay
• Mild sting…Mild sting…
• Progressive severe pain andProgressive severe pain and“catecholamine excess “catecholamine excess syndrome”syndrome”
• Cardiovascular Cardiovascular complicationscomplications– Shock, acute pulmonary Shock, acute pulmonary
oedema, cardiomyopathy, oedema, cardiomyopathy, intracranial hemorrhageintracranial hemorrhage
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ManagementManagement
•Prehospital Prehospital – Vinegar, no PIBVinegar, no PIB
•ResuscitationResuscitation
•MedicationsMedications– FentanylFentanyl– PromethazinePromethazine– GTN GTN – magnesiummagnesium
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BluebottleBluebottlePhysaliaPhysalia spp.spp.
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BluebottleBluebottlePhysaliaPhysalia spp.spp.
• Immediate burning (2h)Immediate burning (2h)
• Linear/ elliptical weltsLinear/ elliptical welts
• Non-specific symptoms, self-limitingNon-specific symptoms, self-limiting
• Management - hot waterManagement - hot water
• Immediate burning (2h)Immediate burning (2h)
• Linear/ elliptical weltsLinear/ elliptical welts
• Non-specific symptoms, self-limitingNon-specific symptoms, self-limiting
• Management - hot waterManagement - hot water
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OCTOPUSSYOCTOPUSSY
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BROBRO
HapalochlaenaHapalochlaena spp spp..
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Clinical Clinical featuresfeatures
• Coastal watersCoastal waters
• ‘‘Innocuous’ biteInnocuous’ bite
• Rapidly progressive descending Rapidly progressive descending symmetrical paralysissymmetrical paralysis
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ManagementManagement
•Prehospital Prehospital – PIBPIB
•ResuscitationResuscitation– respiratory supportrespiratory support– HypotensionHypotension
•Supportive careSupportive care
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Maculotoxin = Maculotoxin = TetrodotoxinTetrodotoxin
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PufferfishPufferfish
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Sea Sea SlugSlug
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Cone snailCone snailConus Conus spp.spp.
ConotoxiConotoxinn
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StonefishStonefishSynanceia Synanceia sppspp..
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Master of camouflageMaster of camouflage
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Clinical featuresClinical features
• Immediate severe pain, Immediate severe pain, puncture wound, local puncture wound, local swellingswelling
• Non-specific symptoms,Non-specific symptoms,rarely cardiovascular rarely cardiovascular effectseffects
• ? Retained foreign bodies? Retained foreign bodies
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ManagementManagement
• PrehospitalPrehospital– Analgesia, hot water, no PIBAnalgesia, hot water, no PIB
• Regional anaesthesiaRegional anaesthesia
• AntivenomAntivenom– 1 ampoule per 2 spines1 ampoule per 2 spines
• Wound careWound care
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LionfishLionfishPterois Pterois spp.spp.
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Sea snakeSea snakeHydrophiidaeHydrophiidae
• Paralysis & rhabdomyolysisParalysis & rhabdomyolysis
• ManagementManagement– PIB, Bloods, VDKPIB, Bloods, VDK– Antivenom: Antivenom: 1 amp or 3 amps of Tiger snake AV1 amp or 3 amps of Tiger snake AV
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Seafood Seafood poisoningpoisoning• Shellfish poisoningShellfish poisoning
– NeurotoxicNeurotoxic– ParalyticParalytic– Diarrhetic, Diarrhetic,
AzaspiracidAzaspiracid– AmnesticAmnestic– PalytoxinPalytoxin– TetrodotoxinTetrodotoxin– Others…Others…
• Fish poisoningFish poisoning– CiguateraCiguatera– ScombroidScombroid– Tetrodotoxic fishTetrodotoxic fish– Clupetoxic fishClupetoxic fish– PalytoxinPalytoxin– Hypervitaminosis AHypervitaminosis A– Others…Others…
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QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?
http://http://lifeinthefastlane.com/lifeinthefastlane.com/education/toxicology/education/toxicology/