ASSIGNMENT 2 – CASE STUDY

MARINA BAYGarden City by the Bay

ROSA MALINDA SITI AISHAH ATIQAH FATHINAH

LAR5600 URBAN DESIGN STUDIO

The mouth of the Singapore River was the old Port of Singapore, being naturally sheltered by the southern islands

Historically, the city of Singapore initially grew around the port so the river mouth became the centre of trade, commerce and finance

To this day, area around the old Singapore River mouth, the Downtown Core, remains the most expensive and economically important piece of land Singapore

Starting in the 1880s, there was heavy traffic on the Singapore River due to rapid urbanization and expanding trade

it brought in water pollution caused by the disposal of garbage, sewage and other by-products of industries located along the river's banks

PAST REVIEW OF SINGAPORE RIVER

INTRODUCTION

Much like Hong Kong, Singapore as an island city has been blessed with a long coastline and waterbodies right in the heart of the city centre. Within and near the City Centre, we have the Singapore River, Kallang Basin and Marina Bay.

Marina Bay is a unique waterfront district extending seamlessly from the CBD. It is a dynamic, Garden-City-by-the-Bay with multiple opportunities for business and financial services.

MARINA BAY

GARDENS BY THE BAY

Gardens by the Bay in an integral part of a strategy by the Singapore government to transform Singapore from a “Garden city” to a “City in a Garden”. The stated aim is to raise the quality of life by enhancing greenery and flora in the city.

GARDENS BY THE BAY

ISSUES

Along Singapore river, we made some inferences according to the structure factors . These inferences apply to both the past and the present:Inference 1The river was once polluted in the past and present Along Singapore river, we saw some litter floating in the river.

ISSUES

The river was also seen brown in colour, stilling. There are cleaning using nets to clean up the litter in the Singapore river.

From this, we can see that the water is being polluted both in the past and the present.

Previous Singapore River was busy with trading activities, the Tanjong Rhu area provided the shipyards which serviced these activities. Up till the late 1980s,

Tanjong Rhu was occupied by shipyards, engineering workshops and warehouses.

Most of these industries were on privately owned land.

Even as the Singapore River was cleaned up and adapted for new uses in the 1970s and 1980s, the planners recognised that the Tanjong Rhu area presented a great opportunity to be turned into a high quality waterfront residential enclave, given its proximity to the city

URA prepared a new Master Plan for Tanjong Rhu in 1988 and provided urban design guidelines to transform the area into a high-quality waterfront residential area with a tropical flavour.

STRATEGIES

STRATEGIES

Create an attractive total lifestyle environment

The existing grid pattern of the city and has in-built flexibility to meet changing business needs and market demands

The regular parcels can be easily amalgamated or sub-divided and the sites are zoned as “white” sites to allow a mix of uses

A variety of development intensities and building heights, with lower-rise buildings located along the waterfront and higher buildings stepping up behind, helps to create an attractive signature skyline

A comprehensive network of reliable utilities, road and rail transportation system has been carefully laid out

STRATEGIES

Planned as a pedestrian friendly district with a comprehensive pedestrian network

Pedestrian links are meticulously planned at grade, above grade and at subterranean levels

To provide a series of open spaces, gardens and signature boulevards that will enhance the value of the land and developments around them

A landscape master plan featuring different trees, plants, colours and fragrances has been drawn up for each district so as to create distinctive landscaped environments and treatments

Creates public green spaces for the enjoyment of the community

GARDENS BY THE BAY - Secret of Trees

GARDENS BY THE BAY - Malay Garden

GARDENS BY THE BAY - Chinese Garden

GARDENS BY THE BAY - Dragonfly Lake

CONCEPT

CONCEPTDesign concept : Necklace Concept (Linking one point to another point by point we can return back to the main point)Sustainable transport and pedestrian friendliness Marina Bay will be served by a comprehensive public transport network to provide

greater convenience for its residents, workers and visitors. The enhanced connectivity both within Marina Bay and to the rest of Singapore is

aimed at encouraging greater use of public transport in Marina Bay, reducing dependence on cars, and reducing energy consumption from the use of private cars.

Innovative infrastructure and systems To provide sophisticated infrastructure that offers modern conveniences and reliable

access to key utilities in Marina Bay. One of the key pieces of infrastructure is the Common Services Tunnel (CST), designed

to be an environmentally-sound way to provide utilities to Marina Bay. Features another environmentally-friendly infrastructure system within the CST

network: the District Cooling System (DCS). Waterfront promenade has been designed as a well-shaded environment for

pedestrians, with lush tree planting. It also includes design features, such as water features, to cool the ambient air temperature and improve pedestrian comfort.

The LED lighting and outdoor fans make use of solar energy. The Marina Bay City Gallery is another example which incorporates sustainable design

features.

PLANNING

MARINA BAY – PLANNING

After ten years of clean up, the river was ready for a new lease of life. URA was tasked to prepare the Master Plan for the area. We adopted three key strategies: Creating an activity corridor for recreation and leisure

through mixed land uses; Mixing old and new developments, and Forging a public/private sector partnership.

Creating activity corridor for recreation & leisure through mixed land-usesThe river is zoned for a mixture of land uses that include Commercial, Residential, Hotel & Institutional uses. These mixed-use developments would bring people to the area at different times of the day.

New developments are required to have activity generating uses on the ground floor to ensure that the area is lively at the street level. URA also released guidelines for Kiosks and Outdoor Refreshment Areas to encourage more developments to spill their commercial activities onto the waterfront promenade areas.

Main Planning

The precinct was envisioned to be a vibrant 24/7 “live work play” and ‐ ‐environmentally friendly district, with a good mix of commercial, entertainment, hotel and residential developments.

Not only provide prime office space for global business and financial institutions, it will also have condominiums, hotels, shops, restaurants and nightspots.

Development of the area started in 2000 when the first sale site at One Raffles Quay was launched.

By 2010, several major projects were substantially completed, such as the Marina Bay Sands, Fullerton Heritage and the first phase of the Marina Bay Financial Centre.

The area is now established as a major business and financial precinct to complement Raffles Place and is already home to several major local and overseas financial institutions.

This will continue to grow in the coming years with the completion of the Marina Bay Financial Centre Office Tower 3, Marina Bay Suites and Asia Square Towers 1 and 2, as well as the four land parcels to be developed by M+S Pte Ltd.

PLANNING

MAP EVOLUTION OF GARDEN BY THE BAY

Timeline2003: Conceptualisation of the Gardens.Jan 2006: Competition for masterplan and design.Sept 2006: Grant Associates and Gustafson Porter designs selected.Nov 2007: Groundbreaking ceremony.Apr 2008: Receives first shipment of plants.Feb 2011: Flower Dome completed.Nov 2011: Preview of Bay South.29 Jun 2012: Official opening of Bay South.Oct 2012: Wins World Building of the Year Award.Jan 2013: Satay by the Bay opens.Feb 2013: Launch of GB Ambassadors.Jun 2013: Celebrates first anniversary.2013: Organised and hosted various events, including Tulipmania, a Roberto Visani exhibition, Spring Wave Music Festival and Singapore Social Concerts.

2001.07.23

2003.10.16

2009.10.19 2014.04.15

2010.05.25 2012.06.14

MAP EVOLUTION OF GARDEN BY THE BAY

• Masterplan proposal for urban and semi-urban waterfront developments in the current shipping container dockyards of central Singapore

• Landscape linkages form the connective structure for the 5sqkm of land.

Garden By The Bay – Urban Planning

The 900 acres of Marina Bay will be Singapore’s key focus of development for the next decade and has been designed to seamlessly extend the downtown district and further support the city-state’s continuing growth as a major business and financial hub in Asia.

The development parcels at Marina Bay are based on an urban grid pattern and extend from the existing city grid network to ensure good connectivity.

This grid framework has been developed to allow for the flexible amalgamation or subdivision of land parcels into plots of different sizes, including larger land parcels to cater for buildings with large floor plates to offer maximum flexibility and efficiency for financial institutions.

PLANNING

Sites in Marina Bay are zoned 'White site' to allow developers greater autonomy and flexibility in deciding the most appropriate mix of uses for each site, including housing, offices, shops, hotels, recreation facilities and community spaces.

PLANNING

This increases the potential for mixed-use developments and encourages live-work-play communities.

MARINA BAY – FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

MARINA BAY – FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

DETAIL OF MARINA BAY

Consultant Team: Design Architect: Safdie ArchitectsExecutive Architect: Aedas, Pte, Ltd.Structural Engineers: ArupMEP Engineers (Design): R.G. Vanderweil, LLPMEP Engineers (Production): Parsons BrinckerhoffLandscape Architect(Design): Peter Walker &

PartnersLandscape Architect (Production): Peridian

International IncLighting Consultants: Project Lighting DesignWater Features: Howard Fields Assoc.

InternationalCasino Design: Moshe Safdie with The Rockwell

GroupTheater Consultants: Fisher Dachs Associates

Graphics, Signage and

Wayfinding Pentagram

DESIGN DETAIL

1. Hotel – 2,560 luxury rooms in three hotel towers, totaling 265,683 square meters (2,860,000 square feet)

DESIGN DETAILS

2. Sands SkyPark – the three hotel towers are connected at the top (200 meters/656 feet) by a 9,941 square meter (107,000 square foot) park that brings together a public observatory, jogging paths, gardens, restaurants, lounges, and an infinity swimming pool This 1.2 hectare (3 acre) tropical oasis is longer than the

Eiffel Tower is tall and large enough to park four-and-a-half A380 jumbo jets

It spans from tower to tower and cantilevers 65 meters (213 feet) beyond to form one of the world’s largest public cantilevers

It is 340 meters (1,115 feet) long from the northern tip to the south end

The park’s maximum width is 40 meters

3. Casino – the “atrium style” casino features four levels of gaming and entertainment in one space totaling 15,000 square meters (161,500 square feet) with the atrium ceiling holding a 7 ton chandelier with 132,000 Swarovski crystals and 66,000 LEDs

4. The Shoppes at Marina Bay Sands – includes over 74,322 square meters (800,000 square feet) of retail and restaurant space.

5. Sands Expo and Convention Center – consists of 121,000 square meters (1.3 million square feet) of flexible convention and exhibition space, including one of the largest ballrooms in Asia with area of 8,000 square meters (86,100 square feet) and the capacity to host 11,000 people

6. Museum of ArtScience - is 15,000 square meters (161,500 square feet square feet) with 6,000 meters (64,580 square feet) of gallery space, a 3,000 square meter (32,290 square foot) lily pond at grade and has a palm measuring 80 meters (260 feet) in diameter reaching 62 meters (203 feet) above grade and 11 meters (36 feet) below grade

7. Theaters – the two theaters are 21,980 square meters (236,600 square feet square feet) with a combined 4,000 seats

8. Crystal Pavilions – the 5,914 square meters (63,660 square feet) Crystal Pavilions house shops and nightclubs and are the first glass and steel structures to be set in Marina Bay

9. Event Plaza – is 5,000 square meters (54,000 square foot) and capable of hosting 10,000 people for a diverse range of local and international live performances.

Reclaiming the city’ is an oft-used phrase in the urban literature, referring to the physical expansion of territory, the upgrading of derelict urban zones and the reclaiming of space by disenfranchised groups. ‘worldliness’ in the reclamation process.

Urban Reclamation, they include :-

Reclaiming functionality, aimed at infusing the waterfront with new land uses; Reclaiming access, as a way of opening up the landscape to more people; and Reclaiming the local, as a way to commemorate local cultures and histories.

Land Reclamation 1984

DESIGN THEORIES – RECLAIMING THE CITY WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT IN SINGAPORE

MARINA BAY LAND RECLAMATION EVOLUTION

Type of Urban Reclamation: Agent: Who is primarily Purpose: why is Urban Vision: What is What is being reclaimed? Responsible/Pushing for reclamation necessary? The long term goal reclamation? of reclamation?

Reclamation Function Government Authorities To recover economic An economicallyi.e land use and activity planning agencies utilities if urban space Vibrant City property developer to maximise function of business enterprise land

Reclaiming access Local communities, To reclaim space for An accessible City(i.e. space) citizen groups, activists personal use occupation or communal satisfactionReclaiming the local Tourists, cultural enthusiasts To respect the cultural A culturally rich (i.e. culture, history, special interest group (for Significance of the sites and authentic city identity) example, heritage, society and appreciate the Historical value of space

RECLAIMING THE CITY: WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT IN SINGAPORE

Marina Bay Sands provides an entirely new urban experience. Its organization around two principal axes gives the complex a sense of orientation, placing emphasis on the pedestrian and civic life in the context of a mega scale structure that includes a variety of uses – convention, museum, theaters, casino, promenade, hotel, and tourism. It has the sense of all the rituals of urban activities. A series of layered gardens provide ample green space throughout Marina Bay Sands, extending the tropical garden landscape from Marina City Park towards the Bayfront. The landscape network reinforces urban connections with the resort’s surroundings, and every level of the district has green space that is accessible to the public.The success of Marina Bay Sands is owed, in large part, to its completely seamless integration of elements. None of the components work well as independent silos, but together they create a complex microcosm of a city that serves as a vital public meeting place. Each element adds something to the experience of the resort as a whole.

BENEFIT SUCCESS

http://www.ura.gov.sg/uol/circulars/2009/sep/dc09-20.aspx https://www.google.com.my/maps/@1.2809347,103.864122,15z?hl=en http://www.straitstimes.com/the-big-story/case-you-missed-it/story/call-design-ideas 20131126 http://www.ura.gov.sg/MS/DMP2013/regional-highlights/central area/Greater%20Southern

%20Waterfront.aspx http://architectsandartisans.com/index.php/2011/01/moshe-safdie-on-marina-bay-sands/ http://www.ura.gov.sg/uol/concept-plan/our-planning-process/our-planning-process.aspx

THE ENDTHANK YOU

REFERENCES