Bond of Friendship Margaret Jones - Wales

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Margaret Jones

Date of Trial: 5 April 1817

Where Tried: Denbighshire Great Session

Crime: Having forged bank notes

Sentence: 14 years

Est YOB: 1787

Stated Age on Arrival: 31

Native Place: Holywell, Flintshire

Occupation: Needlework

Alias/AKA:

Marital Status (UK):

Children on Board:

Surgeon’s Remarks: A very industrious and well-disposed woman (Nurse)

Assigned NSW or VDL NSW

Margaret Jones, a 31 year old woman from Holywell, Flintshire, was remanded at Denbigh on 12 November 1816

charged on two counts.

Forgery of a Bank of England note with intent to defraud Salusbury Williams, maltster at Denbigh fair.

Possessing counterfeit Bank of England notes at Denbigh fair.

She was referred to as a spinster, but her husband John Jones, who was employed by the Cotton Twist Company

as a carrier between Holywell and Chester, was implicated in the second charge but not indicted.1 It was on the

second charge that Margaret was tried on 5 April 1817, found guilty, and sentenced to the regulation fourteen

years transportation.

Map showing the ‘Jones Territory’2

Margaret was destined for the convict transport Friendship which was scheduled to leave England’s shore in early

July so she did not have much time to consider her future, but she did have friends ‘in court’. On 23 April 1817

Lord Sidmouth, on behalf George, Prince Regent, responded to a petition he had received from Viscount Kirkwall,

the Member of Parliament for the Denbigh Boroughs.3

My Lord

Having taken into consideration the Petition which I had the honour to receive from Your Lordship on behalf of

Margaret Jones a Convict under Sentence of Transportation for having forged Bank Notes in her Possession, I

am sorry to acquaint Your Lordship that the Crime for which the Prisoner has been convicted is of so serious a

Nature that I cannot consistently with my Public Duty, recommend her to H.R.H. The Prince Regent for any

Extension of Royal Mercy.4

So, with hopes dashed, Margaret Jones had now to reconcile herself to her fate. She was one of the very few

women on board the Friendship with whom Surgeon Superintendent Cosgreave was favourably impressed. He

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reported that she had proved to be well disposed and very industrious. Moreover, in his report to Governor

Macquarie he singled her out for special mention.

The Convict named in the margin [Margaret Jones] has served in the capacity of Nurse during the passage. She

has conducted herself with the greatest propriety, attention, and humanity. I now most humbly beg leave to

recommend her as an Object for Your Excellency’s Consideration.5

The Indent for Margaret Jones confirms the place and date of her trial and the sentence of fourteen years

transportation, and that she was 31 years of age. We also learn that she was a needlewoman by calling.6 Evidently

Cosgreave’s recommendation was noted, because we find that on 27 January 1820 Margaret Jones was granted

an absolute pardon – remarkably quickly given that less than three years of her sentence had been served. The

pardons register records her as being 5’ 5¼ tall, with a fair complexion, brown hair and hazel eyes. Her place of

birth is confirmed as Flintshire but now her calling is given as farm house servant.7

The 1822 and 1825 musters list Margaret Jones, CP, as resident in Sydney and the wife of E Bowman (1822) and

William Bowman (1825). The 1822 muster lists William Bowman, CF per the Hebe, employed as a wheelwright in

Sydney. The 1825 muster also shows him as a wheelwright in Sydney, but the ship on which he arrived free in

1801 is given as the Nile.8

These records need some sorting out. First, there is no record an E. Bowman and the reference to Hebe is

probably a clerical error. There are records for a quite a few men by the name of William Bowman but, discounting

those who came to the colony as convicts, we are left with two – and they are father and son. William the elder

was one of ten male passengers who arrived on the Nile in 1801, and he died in 1811.9 William the younger came

with his father and established himself as a wheelwright who, in 1822 notified the public of a change of business

premises.10

William Bowman junior is also the most likely candidate for the purported husband of Margaret Jones – except

that they did not marry and, indeed, in January 1824 William had married 17 year old Elizabeth Hutchinson, so

the 1825 muster showing Margaret as the wife of William Bowman indicates sloppy record keeping (or there was

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another William Bowman as yet not identified).11 But there is a marriage record for a Margaret Jones. On 2 May

1827 John Pittard, Soldier, and Margaret Jones, free, were married by banns at St. John’s Parish Church,

Parramatta, with the consent of Colonel Shadforth, Pittard’s Commanding Officer. The witnesses were Bernard

Balcomb, a fellow soldier, and his wife Mary.12

John Pittard was probably the son of Thomas and Sarah Pittard who had been baptised at Somerton, Somerset,

on 22 November 1782.13 He served with the 57th Regiment (also known as the West Middlesex Regiment of Foot).

Raised in Somerset and Gloucester in 1755 as the 79th Regiment of Foot for service in the Crimea, it was later re-

ranked as the 57th, and saw action in all major fields of battle. In 1824 and 1825 detachments of the Regiment

were deployed for service in New South Wales. After so many years of active service, guarding convicts may

have been regarded as a less stressful, albeit it rather tedious posting. As one regimental historian has noted –

No event of importance occurred during its six years’ service in the then penal colony, of which Sydney is now

the populous and thriving capital.14

John had risen through the ranks from Private to Corporal in 1825, Sergeant in 1826, and Colour Sergeant from

25 July 1829. During his service in New South Wales he spent time in the Wellington Valley and then Parramatta,

and in June 1827, one month after his marriage, he was sent to Emu Plains. From January 1831 he was in Van

Diemen’s Land.15 His peripatetic life was typical of a soldier’s lot but despite the disruptions he and Margaret had

three children. Agnes was born on 2 March 1828 and baptised a fortnight later; Charles was born on 2 August

1829 and also baptised a fortnight later; Jane was born on 12 January 1832 and baptised on 22 January 1832.

All three were christened by Reverend William Cowper and the baptisms registered at St. Philip’s Church of

England, Sydney.16 Sadly son Charles died aged just 3 months, and he was buried on 23 November 1829, the

Reverend William Cowper again officiating.17 But Margaret was soon to suffer a far greater loss. She was in fact

pregnant with third child Jane when she received the news of the death of her husband, the circumstances of

which were reported in the press, briefly in The Independent (Launceston) of 30 July 1831 and, more fully and

accurately the following month, in The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser.18

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Prior to the publication of the two items above, and the coronial inquiry, The Independent had cynically passed

comment on the incident.19

The colour sergeant referred to in the reports was John Pittard and his burial at Perth, a convict station, 12 miles

or so south of Launceston, was registered as follows.20

Widowed Margaret and three year old Agnes were probably the two passengers – Mrs and Child of Mrs (given

name not recorded) – who were aboard the barque Funchall which left Hobart on 29 October 1831 and arrived at

Sydney on 17 November, where, six months after the death of her husband, Margaret gave birth to daughter

Jane.21 But Margaret suffered another loss when Jane, at the age of 12 months and 13 days, died and was buried

in January 1833 in a vault above the rock-face of North Quay, Moreton Bay.22 One hundred years later an article

penned by “Newsdosk” and published in April 1933 in the Brisbane newspaper The Telegraph,” recalls her death.

Under the heading ‘Links with the Past - The 57th Foot Regiment Historic Associations Recalled’ “Newsdosk”

wrote in his introductory paragraph –

There are few memorials of the past in Brisbane, and anything older is an object of interest. Two buildings, the

Government Stores at the Queens Wharf in William Street and the old windmill on Wickham Terrace were built

over a century ago. In Toowong Cemetery there are four gravestones which formerly marked the last resting

places on North Quay of persons who died about the time the buildings were put up. One of these gravestones

records the death of a child of Colour Sergeant Pittard, of His Majesty’s 57th Foot. The buildings were erected

when the garrison of Brisbane Town consisted of a detachment of that regiment under Captain Patrick Logan,

commandant at Moreton Bay, 1825-1830.23

The fact that Jane died at Moreton Bay raises the question as to how she, and presumably her mother and sister,

found their way there. The answer lies in the 1832 record of marriage between Margaret Pittard and David Collins,

registered at St. Mary’s Catholic Church, Sydney.24 While the age of the groom is not known, Margaret would have

been about 45 at the time of her second marriage. We do know, however, that the groom was a Sergeant of the

17th Regiment.25

The people of Sydney were advised on 6 February 1830 that the 17th Regiment had been ordered on service in

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the colony and so ‘From the date of the order we might have looked out for their coming ‘ere this’.26 It was not long

before the Gazette reported on the arrival of one detachment on 20 February, to be followed by regular arrivals

thereafter. As with the 57th Regiment, detachments of the 17th were posted to various locations within the colony.

Sergeant David Collins, having embarked on 3 June 1830, arrived at Van Diemen’s Land just over four months

later as part of the guard for the convict ship Southworth, the arrival of which was reported in the Hobart Town

Courier of 23 October.27

Judging from the Pay and Muster lists, Sergeant Collins served in Van Diemen’s Land until the around the end of

November 1831 and was then posted to Sydney where he served some time at the Longbottom Stockade, about

half way between Sydney and Parramatta, where convict road gangs working on the Parramatta Road were held.

Parramatta Road Gang28

Moreton Bay was established as a place of secondary punishment and operated as such between 1824 and 1842

under the control of the military. As reported in the Sydney Monitor in June 1830, a detachment of the 17th

Regiment was about to proceed to Moreton Bay per the Isabella relieve a part of the 57th Regiment which had

been stationed at the settlement.29 Sergeant Collins, a later arrival, was at Moreton Bay from about May 1832,

accompanied by his wife and two step-daughters.

It is interesting to speculate how and when David Collins and the then Margaret Pittard met. We know that by

January 1831 Colour Sergeant John Pittard was in Van Diemen’s Land, his posting there more than likely being

‘married accompanied’, thus placing his family – wife Margaret and daughter Agnes (son Charles having died in

1829) – also there at that time. Overlapping the period between the Pittards’ arrival in Van Diemen’s Land and

John Pittard’s death in July 1831 was Serjeant David Collins of the 17th. Indeed, and indicating the close working

relationship between the two regiments, it was the retrieval from the Perth pub of an alleged drunken private of

the 17th that resulted in John Pittard’s death. Given the close-knit insular and communal nature of army life it can

be safely assumed that, at the very least, John and Margaret Pittard and David Collins were acquainted. It has

been noted that Mrs and Miss Pittard probably returned to Sydney in November 1831 at about the same time as

David Collins was posted there.

The 17th maintained a presence at Moreton Bay until late 1835 after which, and apparently much to the regret of

its colonial hosts, the Regiment departed for a tour of duty in India.

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THE 17TH REGIMENT – This fine corps is on the point of embarkation from New South Wales for India. No regiment

ever left these Colonies with a higher character, either as respects the gentleman-like deportment of its officers,

or the correct conduct of the men. Colonel Despard, in particular, by his general obliging conduct, gained the

entire good will of the whole of the Australian community.30

From on board the Lord William Bentick, docked at Sydney, the very popular band of the 17th Regiment gave one

last performance during the March 1836 sailing regatta, its repertoire including “the Girl I left behind Me,” and

other appropriate airs before, on 12 March 1836, the ship sailed for India.31

By General Order No 236, dated 18 May 1836, the ‘Head Quarters of the 17th Regiment of Foot having arrived at

Bombay on the 14th Instant’, the Governor-in-Council directed that the Corps be admitted to the strength of the

presidency from that date.32 The Regiment was initially camped near Poona until November 1838, after which it

was deployed variously in Afghanistan, Scinde, Ahmednuggur, the North West Frontier and Aden before finally

returning to England in 1847.33

It is difficult to determine from the Pay and Muster Lists if and when Sergeant Collins had actually accompanied

his regiment to India. However, one researcher definitely places him on board the Lord William Bentick and if this

is correct, Sergeant Collins was probably in India, rather than in New South Wales, when in July 1836 he spent

some time in the Regimental Hospital.34

Regardless, it is at this point that the documentary trail for David Collins comes to an end. Similarly, nothing further

has been found for Margaret Collins.35 But it is the marriage of Agnes Pittard that would seem to prove conclusively

that both Margaret and David did arrive in India at some stage. The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce of

6 March 1847 carried the following notice.36

At the Cathedral Bombay on the 3d March, by the Venerable Archdeacon H. Jeffreys, Mr. James Hussey Line

Serjeant at Poonah to Miss Agnes Pittard.

The extract from the marriage register of St. Thomas’ Cathedral shows that the groom was a widower of ‘full age’

and that the bride was a minor, Agnes having celebrated her twentieth birthday the day before the wedding. The

respective fathers were recorded as Bartholomew Hussey and John Pittard.37

Just eleven years later Agnes was widowed. The Bombay Almanac briefly noted the death of James Hussey.

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At Paunchgunny [sic] near Mahableshwur, Mr. James Hussey, Marshal of the House of Correction.38

The cause of death at age 50 was given as general dropsy, and James was buried on 3 May at Malcolm Peth,

one of the three villages that made up Mahableshwar. At the time of his death he was actually employed at the

House of Correction in Byculla, Bombay, so perhaps for health reasons James had taken time off in the hill station

of Mahableshwar, referred to as ‘the summer capital of Bombay’. Fortunately for Agnes, she qualified for a widows’

pension, receiving £9 5s in 1856, which had increased to £37 4s by the final payment in 1862.39

Five children were born to Agnes and James Hussey, two at Poona and three when the family lived in Bombay

and, as had been the case with Margaret Pittard, Agnes Hussey’s youngest child was born after the death of her

father.40

Born Baptised Place Father’s Occupation

Margaret Agnes 25 Dec 1847 16 Jan 1848 Poona Line Sergeant

James Thomas 8 Mar 1849 11 Apr 1849 Poona Line Sergeant

Michael John 1 Sep 1851 6 Sep 1851 Bombay Inspector of Police

John Peter 30 Aug 1853 28 Sep 1853 Bombay Inspector of Police

Isabella Eve 12 Apr 1856 16 Jun 1856 Byculla, Bombay Late Marshal House of Correction, Byculla

Father James Hussey was still alive, and able therefore to grieve with and comfort his wife when their second son

Michael died just 6 days after he was born, and on the day he was christened. He was buried on 7 September

1851 at the Back Bay cemetery.41 Later on Agnes had to cope by herself for the deaths of Isabella, aged just 14

months when she died on 18 June 1857 from dentition, and elder son James Thomas who was ten when he died

on 10 October 1859 from diphtheria.42 The Times of India of 12 October carried a notice of his passing.

At Jail Road Oomercarry on the 10th Oct of diphtheria, Master James Hussey pupil of the Scottish Orphanage,

the eldest son of Agnes the widow of the late Mr. James Hussey of Bombay, aged 10 years and 7 months.43

By 1878 four of the five Hussey children had died. John Peter Hussey was 25 when he died on 15 December

1878 of acute dysentery and his burial the following day was registered at St Andrews Church, Bombay.44

In the ‘Quality, Trade or Profession &c’ column is recorded ‘Son of Mrs. Taylor of Taylor’s Hotel’. Agnes had, in

fact, been Mrs. Taylor since her marriage to accountant William Henry Taylor on 30 March 1865 at Christ Church,

Byculla,45

No ages are recorded in the marriage register, but Agnes was 37 when she married for the second time. As we

will see, William was considerably younger than his bride – and seemingly not in robust health. Suffering from a

liver complaint he died, aged 26 on 8 August 1866 – after just fourteen months of marriage and yet another family

death with which Agnes had to contend.46

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At the time of William’s death Agnes had just given birth to their daughter Maud Sara(h) Taylor. She was born on

6 July 1866 but, with the death of her father, her christening was delayed until 16 October.47 I had mentally queried

whether the William Taylor who died in 1866 was indeed the husband of Agnes, but the record of the father’s

occupation – ‘Late Accountant to Messrs J.W. Wright & Co’ - in the following entry from the baptism register

confirms that indeed he was.

According to Thacker’s 1895 Indian Directory, Taylor’s Hotel was located in Victoria Road, between the Albert

Hall and the Victoria Hall which, in turn, was adjacent to the southern entrance of the Victoria Gardens. But by the

time this edition was published Agnes Taylor was no longer the proprietor. The Times of India on 4 April 1892

advised its readers of the death of Mrs. Agnes Taylor.48

Apr 3rd, at Adelphi Hotel Bombay, Mrs Agnes Taylor relict of the late WH Taylor of Bombay.

The burial register records the cause of death, at age 64, as diabetes and that Agnes was buried at the Sewri

Cemetery on 4 April.49

Agnes had outlived her husband by 26 years, coincidentally his age when he died. She had drawn up a will in

November 1888. Within a short time after her death the following petition was filed seeking probate on her estate.

Petition for Probate of the last Will and Testament of

Agnes Taylor (widow of William Henry Taylor) late proprietress of Taylor’s Hotel of Bombay

European deceased

I Agnes Taylor of Bombay widow of the late William Henry Taylor now proprietress of Taylor’s Hotel situated in

the Port of Bombay do hereby revoke and annul all or any previous Will, Legacies, Codicils or Testamentary

Documents in any and every form made by me, and I do hereby declare this present to be my last Will and

Testament.

I give and bequeath to my eldest daughter Agnes Margaret Vogler, wife of Otto Vogler at present of Zurich my

diamond ring, and my Brooch set with hair, and one additional Brooch and I give and bequeath to my youngest

daughter Maud Sara Bice, wife of Alfred Ernest Bice at present of Bombay my gold watch and chain and my

wedding and guard ring and one Brooch and I further give devise and bequeath all my real and personal estate

unto my executors hereinafter named upon trust that my said Executors shall sell call in and convert into the

same or such part thereof as shall not consist of money and shall with and out of the money produced by such

sale calling in and conversions and with and out of such part of my personal estate as shall consist of money

pay all my funeral expenses and Testamentary expenses and just debts and shall devide [sic] the rest and

residue of my said estate between my two daughters for their use and benefit; and I do hereby appoint Mr. Otto

Vogler at present of Zurich and Mr. Alfred Ernest Bice at present of Bombay the executors of this my will in

witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this Twentieth day of November in the year of our Lord one

thousand eight hundred and eighty eight – A. Taylor – Signed and declared by the said Agnes Taylor as and for

her last Will and Testament in the presence of us present at the same time who in her presence and in the

presence of each other have hereunto subscribed our names as witnesses – P. Gerrard, Govt Tele Dept. –

Pestonjee Hormusjee.

The foregoing last Will and Testament of Agnes Taylor (widow of William Henry Taylor) late proprietress of

Taylor’s Hotel of Bombay European deceased who died at Bombay on or about the third day of April one

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thousand eight hundred and ninety two was proved and registered in Her Majesty’s High Court of Judicature at

Bombay, and Probate thereof having effect over the Property and Credits of the said deceased throughout the

Province of Bombay was duly granted by the said court on the eighteenth day of June one thousand eight

hundred and ninety two to Alfred Ernest Bice one of the executors named in the said will, he having taken the

necessary oath in such case required (reserving the right of Otto Vogler the other executor named in the will to

come in and apply for Probate thereof).

Under Rs 912050

Agnes was the only one of the children born to Margaret Collins (formerly Pittard, née Jones) to survive to

adulthood. In turn, of the six children born to Agnes Taylor (formerly Hussey, née Pittard) only two survived to

adulthood and these were the daughters referred to in her will.

The date and place of the marriage between Agnes Margaret Hussey and Otto Vogler has not yet been

established. We do know, however, that at Gogo on 29 June 1874 triplets were born to the couple, three daughters

– Mathilda, Louise and Bertha - who were all baptised at Bhavnager on 6 July. Perhaps inevitably, within days,

the babies succumbed to ‘constitution weakness’ - Mathilde and Bertha on 7 July and Louise on 10 July - and

were buried at the Bhavnagar Cemetery.51 Father Otto Vogler was Agent and Manager of the Bhavnager branch

of one of the leading commodity trading companies at the time – Volkart and Brothers – founded in 1851

simultaneously in Switzerland and Bombay.52 This was still his position when a son Otto Frederic and a daughter

Louise Maud were born respectively in September 1875 and March 1879, and when the last child born to Agnes

Margaret and Otto - Mathilde Agnes - arrived in 1880. Sadly the family lost Mathilda when she died from diarrhoea

only twelve days after her first birthday.53 From Agnes Taylor’s will we know that by November 1888 the Vogler

family was living in Zurich. In fact Mr and Mrs Otto Vogler, accompanied by two children, had boarded the

steamship Hungaria at Bombay on 8 March 1882 bound for Trieste.54

Maud Sara Taylor was aged 22 when she married Alfred Ernest Bice, an employee of the Great Indian Peninsula

(GIP) Railway, at the Girgaum Church on 2 August 1888.55 It is interesting to note that P. Gerard, one of the

witnesses, was also, three months later, one of the witnesses to Agnes Taylor’s will.

Alfred Ernest Bice had been born in Cornwall in 1866, son of Alfred Bice, master mariner, and his wife Ellen Louisa

Ball. His maternal grandmother was Eliza Barwis. Sometime between the 1881 England census, which finds him

at home with his family in Hackney and working as a railway clerk, and his marriage to Maud in 1888, Edward had

left England for India.56

The year following the couple’s wedding was marred by yet another death in the family, as reported in The Times

of India of 27 May 1889.57

May 24th at Mazagon Bombay, the wife of Alfred Ernest Bice of a son prematurely still-born.

However, the couple did go on to have two daughters – Wanda Barwis born on 12 April 1890 at Girgaum and

Maud Ernestine on 15 June 1891 at Bangalore. For both records Alfred is listed as a Travelling Auditor for the

GIP Railway.58 Maud Sara Bice died at Madras on 5 July 1919. The cause of death was cancer of the uterus. She

was buried at the Cassimode Cemetery, St. Marks, on 7 July.59 Following the death of his wife Alfred Bice returned

to England, a passenger on the British India Steam Navigation vessel Mandala which arrived at London on 18

February 1920 He was listed on the manifest as a Railway Traffic Manager South India Railway. He died aged 65

in Devon in 1932.60

It was due to her own actions that, in July 1817, Welsh-born 31 year old Margaret Jones found herself on board

the Friendship, one of the female convicts who were to endure a voyage of 195 days before reaching their

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destination at the other end of the earth. And it was no doubt also due to her actions on board the convict ship

that Margaret earned a very early pardon and the status of ‘free woman’. Unlike many of the Friendship sorority

Margaret did not marry a convict or an emancipist. Both of her husbands were Soldiers of the King and by choosing

to marry into the military Margaret added ‘army wife’ to her profile. What glamour and excitement may have

attached to her position would have been off-set by the inevitable disruption to a soldier’s family life of frequent

postings, often to insalubrious places. Thus we have followed Margaret’s colonial life from Sydney to Van

Diemen’s Land and back again, to Moreton Bay, and finally to India – but without being able, at this stage, to bring

her life to a close. But her legacy lived on through her daughter Agnes. As was her mother, Agnes was twice-

married. She suffered not only the loss of both husbands, but also of so many of her children. After the death of

her second husband Agnes spent twenty-six years of her life as a widow, but one who became self-sufficient and

independent as the Mrs. Taylor of Taylor’s hotel. She was a tribute to her mother, and it is significant that the

names Margaret and Agnes were carried through to succeeding generations.

NOTES

1 The National Library of Wales, Crime and Punishment, Ref 4/71/1 pp. 81 & 82, https://crimeandpunishment.library.wales/index_s.htm. 2 The National Library of Wales, extract from 1795 map of the six counties of Wales, https://www.library.wales/discover/digital-

gallery/maps/maps-of-wales/evans-map-of-north-wales/. For information about the Cotton Twist Company, refer to The Douglas

Archives, Cotton Twist Company, http://www.douglashistory.co.uk/history/Businesses/cotton_twist_company.html#.Xcus-2cUmWg. For a

background on Holywell, refer to The Early Industrialists in Flintshire, http://www.themeister.co.uk/hindley/flintshire_industrialists.htm. 3 John FitzMaurice, Viscount Kirkwall (1778-1820) – represented the Denbigh Boroughs between 1812 and 1818 – Wikipedia,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_FitzMaurice,_Viscount_Kirkwall. 4 FindmyPast (FMP), England & Wales, Crime, Prisons & Punishment, 1770-1835, Correspondence and Warrants, HO13, Piece 29, pp.

380-381. 5 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Colonial Secretary’s Papers, 1788-1856, Series: NRS: 897; Reels 6041-6064, 6071-6072,

pp.58-67. 6 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Convict Indents, 1788-1842, Bound Indentures 1814-1818. 7 FMP, Australia Convict Conditional and Absolute Pardons, 1791-1867, Absolute Pardons 1791-1843 (NRS 1177) Reel 774. 8 Ancestry, New South Wales and Tasmania, Australia Convict Musters, 1806-1849, New South Wales, General Muster, 1822 and New

South Wales, General Muster A-L, 1825. 9 Free Settler or Felon? Convict Ship Nile 1801, https://www.jenwilletts.com/convict_ship_nile_1801.htm. Biographical Database of

Australia (BDA), Biographical report for William Bowman, Person ID: U#30004191901. 10 The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 17 May 1822, p.4. 11 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, Butts of Marriage Licenses, 1813-1835, 1894, Licenses for Marriages, 1814-1835. Elizabeth

was the daughter of William Hutchinson, Wharfinger, of George Street. 12 Ancestry, New South Wales, Australia, St. John’s Parramatta, Marriages, 1790-1966, Vol 02, Baptisms, 1826-183; Marriages, 1826-

1834; Burials, 1826-1834. BDA, Biographical report for Margaret Jones, Person ID: X30013207702. 13 Ancestry, Somerset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1531-1812. 14 Lieut-Gen. H.J. Warre, C.B., ed, Historical Records of the Fifty-Seventh, or West Middlesex Regiment of Foot, W. Mitchell & Co,

Charing Cross, S.W., 1878, Google Books, http://books.google.com/books?id=upoQAAAAYAAJ&oe=UTF-8. 15 BDA, Biographical report for John Pittard, Person ID: B#15121079001. 16 BDA, Biographical report for Margaret Pittard, Person ID: T#30001634203. 17 BDA, Biographical report for Charles Pettard [sic], Person ID: B30001657601. 18 The Independent (Launceston, Tas), 30 Jul 1831, p.3. The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 20 Aug 1831, p.3. 19 The Independent (Launceston, Tas), 23 Jul 1831, p.3. 20 Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office (TAHO), Launceston burials, RGD34/1/1 no 2559 Image 112. 21 TAHO, Departures, CUS33/1/1 p.394. The Sydney Monitor, 19 Nov 1831, p.3. 22 BDA, Biographical report for Jane Pittard, Person ID: U#91024742901. Jane shared the crypt with three other children. The memorials

were moved to Toowong Cemetery on 5 October 1881 – Jennifer Harrison, Shackled, Female Convicts at Moreton Bay 1826-1839,

Anchor Books Australia, 2016, p.24. 23 The Telegraph (Brisbane), 8 Apr 1933, p.13. Find A Grave, Toowong Cemetery, Jane Pittard, Memorial ID 15179972, Find A Grave,

database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 15 November 2019), memorial page for Jane Pittard (unknown–27 Jan

1833), Find A Grave Memorial no. 151679972, citing Toowong Cemetery, Brisbane, Brisbane City, Queensland, Australia ; Maintained

by Rich Fedoush (contributor 46805205). 24 FMP, New South Wales Marriages 1788-1945, V1832639 127. 25 Jennifer Harrison, Shackled, Chapter 1, Note 85.

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26 The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, 6 Feb 1830, p.2. 27 The National Archives of the UK (TNA) and the Australian Joint Copying Project (AJCP), Series WO 12. Muster Books and Pay Lists.

General, 1798-March 1877. Subseries (Pieces 3434-3428). 17th Foot 1st Battalion, December 1828-March 1836. The Hobart Town

Courier, 23 Oct 1830, p.2. 28 City of Canada Bay Heritage, https://canadabayheritage.asn.au/canada-bay-history/longbottom-stockade/. 29 The Sydney Monitor, 23 Jun 1830, p.3. 30 The Tasmanian, 15 Jan 1836, p.7. 31 The Australian, 11 Mar 1836, p.2. The Sydney Herald, 20 Mar 1836, p.3. 32 TNA and AJCP, Series WO 12. Muster Books and Pay Lists. 33 For a full history of the 17th Regiment, refer to Richard Cannon, Historical record of the Seventeenth, or the Leicestershire Regiment of

Foot, Parker, Furnivall, & Parker, London, 1848,

https://archive.org/stream/recordofseventeen00canniala/recordofseventeen00canniala_djvu.txt. 34 David Murphy, 1st/17th Foot (Leicestershire) Regiment 1830-1836, http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~garter1/history/collinsdav.htm. TNA

and AJCP, Series WO 12. Muster Books and Pay Lists. 35 A record has been located for the funeral service of the late David Collins, Bombardier, aged 43 years of the Carnatic European

Veterans Battalion, held on 28 December 1836 at Vizagapatam – FMP, British India Office Ecclesiastical Returns, Deaths and Burials.

There is a record of a Mrs. M. Collins, widow of Mysore in the Madras Presidency, receiving a military pension from 22 January to 4

March 1843 of £5 8s 3d – FMP, British India Office Army & Navy Pensions, Regimental & Service Records, Ref L-AG-23-2-49. 36 Families in British India Society (FIBIS), Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce, 6 Mar 1847. 37 FMP, British India Office Marriages, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-21 Folio 38. 38 FIBIS, Bombay Almanac, BMDs 1806 to 1867, Transcription of Death Announcement. 39 FMP, British India Office Deaths & Burials, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-30. Page

171. FMP, British India Office Army & Navy Pensions, Lord Clive Military Fund Pension Register & Payment Books, Ref L-AG-23-2-61. 40 FMP, British India Office Births & Baptisms, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-22 Folio

21; Ref N-3-22 Folio 95; Ref N-3-25 Folio 172; Ref N-3-27 Folio 173; Ref N-3-30 Folio 102. 41 FMP, British India Office Deaths & Burials, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-30, Page

171. 42 FMP, British India Office Deaths & Burials, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-31, Page

150; Ref N-3-25, Page 207. 43 FIBIS, The Times of India, Deaths 15 July 1859 to 11 May 1861. In 1847 a small orphanage for girls called the Scottish Female

Orphanage came into being at Byculla. In 1855 a similar institution was established for boys and the two were united in 1859 under the

name “The Bombay Male and Female Orphanage” and subsequently renamed “The Bombay Scottish Orphanage” – Bombay Scottish

School – Powai, http://bombayscottish.in/powai/history.php. 44 FMP, British India Office Deaths & Burials, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-52, Page

341. 45 FMP, British India Office Marriages, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-39, Folio 67. 46 FMP, British India Office Deaths & Burials, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-40, Page

475. 47 FMP, British India Office Births & Baptisms, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-40, Folio

453. 48 FIBIS, The Times of India, Entries from Deaths 1892. 49 FMP, British India Office Deaths & Burials, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-67, Page

397. 50 FMP, British India Office Wills & Probate, Wills and Administrations – Bombay 1783-1937, Ref L-AG-34-29-362, Page/folio 23. 51 FMP, British India Office Births & Baptisms, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-48, Folio

314. FMP, British India Office Deaths & Burials, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-48, Page

320. 52 MarketsWiki, Volkart Brothers, http://www.marketswiki.com/wiki/Volkart_Brothers. 53 FMP, British India Office Births & Baptisms, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-49; Ref N-

3-52, Folio 261; Ref N-3-55, Folio 135. FMP, British India Office Deaths & Burials, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of

Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-55, Page 232. 54 FIBIS, The Times of India, Departures at Bombay, 1882. 55 FMP, British India Office Marriages, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-62, Folio 260. 56 Ancestry Records. Ancestry Sara family (2) online family tree, https://www.ancestry.co.uk/family-

tree/person/tree/151997245/person/172014205224/facts. 57 FIBIS, The Times of India, Entry from Births 1889. 58 FMP, British India Office Births & Baptisms, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948, Ref N-3-64, Folio

204; FMP, British India Office Births & Baptisms, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Madras, 1698-1948, Ref N-2-72, Folio

261.

Bond of Friendship Margaret Jones - Wales

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59 FMP, British India Office Deaths & Burials, Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Madras, 1698-1948, Ref N-2-126, Page

15. 60 Ancestry, UK, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960, London, England, 1920, Feb. Ancestry, England & Wales, Death Index, 1916-

2005, Volume 5b, Page 133.

Bond of Friendship Margaret Jones - Wales

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SELECTED SOURCES

Genealogy Websites

Ancestry

New South Wales and Tasmania, Australian Convict Musters, 1806-1849

New South Wales, Australia, Butts of Marriage Licenses, 1813-1835, 1894

New South Wales, Australia, Colonial Secretary’s Papers, 1788-1856

New South Wales, Australia, Convict Indents, 1788-1842

Online Family Trees

Somerset, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1531-1812

UK, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960

Findmypast

Australia Convict Conditional and Absolute Pardons, 1791-1867

British India Office Army & Navy Pensions, 1749-1947

British India Office Births & Baptisms, Marriages, Deaths & Burials, Presidency of Bombay, 1709-1948

British India Office Births & Baptisms, Deaths & Burials, Presidency of Madras, 1698-1948

British India Office Wills & Probate, Wills and Administrations – Bombay 1783-1937

England & Wales Crime, Prisons & Punishment 1770-1935

New South Wales Marriages 1788-1945

Families in British India Society (FIBIS)

Bombay Almanac

Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce

The Times of India

Other Websites

1st/17th Foot (Leicestershire) Regiment 183-1836, http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~garter1/history/collinsdav.htm

Biographical Database of Australia (BDA), http://www.bda-online.org.au/

Bombay Scottish School – Powai, http://bombayscottish.in/powai/

City of Canada Bay Heritage, https://canadabayheritage.asn.au/

Cotton Twist Company, www.douglashistory.co.uk/history/Businesses/cotton_twist_company.html#.Xcus-2cUmWg

Early Industrialists in Flintshire, http://www.themeister.co.uk/hindley/flintshire_industrialists.htm

Find a Grave, https://www.findagrave.com/

Free Settler or Felon? https://www.jenwilletts.com/

MarketsWiki, http://www.marketswiki.com

Series WO 12, Muster Books and Pay Lists, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-728664549/findingaid#nla-obj-728688653

Tasmanian Archives and Heritage, https://www.libraries.tas.gov.au/archive-heritage/

The National Library of Wales, Crime and Punishment, https://crimeandpunishment.library.wales/

The National Library of Wales, https://www.library.wales/

Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Online Newspapers

TROVE

The Australian

The Hobart Town Courier

The Independent (Launceston)

The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser

The Sydney Monitor

The Tasmanian

The Telegraph (Brisbane)

Publications

Cannon, Richard, Historical record of the Seventeenth, or the Leicestershire Regiment of Foot, Parker, Furnivall, & Parker, London, 1848, https://archive.org/stream/recordofseventeen00canniala/recordofseventeen00canniala_djvu.txt

Harrison, Jennifer, Shackled, Female Convicts at Moreton Bay 1826-1839, Anchor Books Australia, 2016

Warre, H.J., Lieut-Gen., C.B., ed, Historical Records of the Fifty-Seventh, or West Middlesex Regiment of Foot, W. Mitchell & Co, Charing Cross, S.W., 1878, Google Books, http://books.google.com/books?id=upoQAAAAYAAJ&oe=UTF-8

© Leonie Fretwell, 2019