MARE 250Dr. Jason Turner

Introduction to Statistics

Statistics 101 (really 250)

calculation of trends

quantitative observations

Statistics 101 (really 250)

analysis and interpretation of data

not only data analysis

Statistics 101 (really 250)Initial Observations

Explanatory Model

Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis, Formulated with Experimental Test in Mind

Experiment orField Sampling Test

DATA

STATISTICS

MARE 250 – Stats in Marine Science

Will attempt to provide you with an adequate amount of statistical background to:

Key Concept of the Day…Introduction to Statistics

Define terms relating to data and data collection

Types of Biological DataVariable –

Different kinds of scientists collect different kinds of data

Ratio ScaleData on a Ratio Scale:

Ratio ScaleThere is

There exists

Interval ScaleData on an Interval Scale:

Interval Scales

Ordinal ScaleData on an Ordinal Scale:

Ordinal Scales –

Ordinal Scale

Many useful statistical procedures are applicable to ordinal data

Nominal ScaleData on a Nominal Scale:

Nominal Scale –

Types of Biological DataContinuous and Discrete Data

Continuous Variable –

Types of Biological DataDiscrete or Discontinuous (Meristic) Variable –

Accuracy and Significant FiguresAccuracy –

Precision –

Accuracy and Precision are NOT synonymous

Accuracy and Significant FiguresSignificant Figures –

Therefore, typically report less that the smallest accuracy taken…

Accuracy and Significant FiguresFor example…

If you took the measurements:8.01, 8.0, 8.01554, 8.015546778, 8.0155467782222444555666677788

You would report and average of :

more accurately you would report:

Frequency DistributionsFrequency Table –

Fishes collected from a near-shore reef community:Species Number Observed

Raccoon Butterflyfish 25Hawaiian Yellow Tang 20Bluespotted Grouper 5Moorish Idol 15

Fishes collected from a near-shore reef community:

Species Number Observed

Raccoon Butterflyfish 25

Hawaiian Yellow Tang 20

Bluespotted Grouper 5

Moorish Idol 15

Frequency Distributions

Frequency DistributionsFrequency Distribution –

Num

ber

of I

ndiv

idua

ls

0

10

20

30

Rac

coon

But

terf

lyfis

hH

awai

ian

Yel

low

Tan

gB

lues

pott

ed g

roup

er

Moo

rish

Idol

Bar Graph

Frequency DistributionsHistogram –

Length of Individuals (mm)

30

Num

ber

of I

ndiv

idua

ls

0

10

20

10-1

9

20-2

9

30-3

9

40-4

9

50-5

9

60-6

9

70-7

9

Next Time…

Chapter 2:Populations

and Samples