march 2014 issue

12
ek.kla Maati Aapli vkeph Mumbai/Mobaim, Thane, Raigad, Chaul, Alibaug, Dhanu, Uran, Dharavi, Uttan, Valsad - Entire Old Kokan ea q cbZ % eksc;a 10 ekpZ 2014 12 pages* Price Rs. 7.00 ,dksV Ogk ! Indigenous Voice Indigenous Voice ewG yksdkapk vkokt ewG yksdkapk vkokt ewG yksdkapk vkokt Indigenous Voice A newly wed East Indian woman arrives at her husbands’ house in the early 1930’s only to rea- lise there’s a battle being fought since many years about land. The indig- enous / East Indian couple continue to live their married life while battling 70 migrant Catholic and 3 Hindu Mi- grant families who are illegally oc- cupying the indigenous’ family’s land through treachery. We have seen this story in many forms in this country as well as in first world countries. America killed the indigenous through various cam- paigns namely, Murder in cold blood, civilizing the tribes ‘to take out the Indian and Retain the Man’ campaign through its missionary activities, cre- ating systems to address dissent like the Courts and other law maintain- lu 1930 euh ,d bLV bafM;u L=h ojkMwu vkiY;k uojkP;k Äjk vk;yh- fryk letys da [kwi ojlka’kh tkxspk dtk pkyyk gk;- ; ewG bLV bafM;u tksMia vkiys thou y<kÃu txr gksrs- R;kauh 70 Dzhlrko u 3 fganw ijds dqVqackpk lkeuk dsyk] ts tcjnlfruh fcu&dk;ns’khj xqaMkfxjhuh R;k ewG dqVqackP;k tkxsoj jsr gksrh- gh y<kà 40 ojlak’kh dksVkZu pkyw gksrh- dksVkZu Hzk"Vkpkj vlrs- pqdhP;k ds’kh] ÄksVkGk d#u] eMZj ;a lxGa g;k 70 fDzlrko u fganw dqVqackuk lksiia gksra- R;kauh g~;k ewG dqVqackP;k iksjkauk /kedh fnyh- nsoGkaP;k QkMjps Òh g~;k csaps yksdkaus gMi dsysyh tfeuhojP;k yksdkacj®cj gkr gksrka- g~;k ewGP;k dqVqackyk 6 iksj u 2 iksj;k gku- R;kaP;k tfeuhps dkxnkps ÄksVkGs dsys- R;kaP;k ckiklyk Bkj dsya u iksyhl cksrys da rs jLR;koj i#u esyk- R;k 1980 P;k ojlkeuh iksLV eWkjVse ,s’ks djr ulr- ,s’kh dgk.kh yk[kks ewG dqVqackaph gk; th csdk;n~;k’kh tehu gMi vkiY;k gokjsikuklkBh u iS’~;klkrh djr gku- ing agencies. There is never a doubt that the Migrant occupiers who run the Courts will own the courts too to make sure there is continuity of their designs. Thus countries are formed and sustained with the concept of pacifying the indigenous through un- delivered promises so they don’t fight back and continue to live under domi- nation of their rulers. Back to the story of this newly wedded couple. This couple continued to fight their occupiers in the courts. The battle was with the corrupt, but they continued to have naïve faith in the Migrant Judicial system. They had eight children, 2 Girls and 6 boys. Large families were encour- aged since the indigenous were targeted by many non-indigenous for their lands. Migrant governments would bring in truck loads of people to squat on indigenous lands. They used violence and the state machin- ery. ...contd on page 3 Message T his publication is the voice of the indigenous people of the Kokan region. The plight of the indige- nous is miserable, no main stream media seems to be interested in our countless stories of struggle and triumphs. There is a larger design at play here, just like Aam Aadmi Party, who are not the main stream media’s darlings, so are we the under dogs since thousands of years. Can you imagine we have had many rulers but none were indigenous. Invaders, Peshwa kings, Moghuls, Portuguese and the Brit- ish ruled us in the past, our motherland exploited, yet none of us indigenous have a say in the affairs pertaining our own Motherland. We are never consulted on anything. Our fertile farmlands are taken away through State policy for building railroads and highways and public works and utilities for the migrant, we continue to suffer. When the Aryans decide, we are either ‘Pathare Prabhus’ giving away land, or OBC’s when we resist. Its time to take back our lands and resist the non-indigenous government and declare Indigenous Self Rule. The real Swaraj. Lets Unite! Title Code::MAHBIL06777 lans’k ;ks lekpkj i= vkiY;k tkrhP;k ukokpk vkokt gk;- vkt vkiyh ifjfLFkFkh dks.kgh lket.kkj u;- vkiY;k tkrhyk dks.k vk/kkj ns.kkj u;- vkiw.k doj rjh =kl ?ksm] iqu vkiY;kyk dks.kgh enr dj.kkj u;- tS’h vke vkneh ikVhZ ;kauk chT;k eksBs dk;Zdjrk vkf.k lekt lsod lkj[ks tkLrh ehfM;k dojst ;k enr ;k vk/kkj feys u;] rS’khp vkiY;k yksdkaph gkyr dks.kh i=dkj u Vh- oh- pkusy leksj Äkyr u;- rqEgh bpkj djk] vkiY;koj jkts vk;ys u jkT; d#u xsys- csaph ikj[kh] is’kok jkts] eksÄqy jkts] iksjrqxhl u fCzkfV’k yksdkauh vkiY;koj jkt dsyk] R;k yks[kkauh vkiyh ek;ekrhpk uk’k dsyk] rjh vkiw dk;gh cksyyks u;- vkiY;k tkxk&tehuh] 'ksrh&?kja] jLrs&jsy cak/khys okijhys] u rh vkr csaph ijdh ek.kla ;sowa’kh okijhrku- vkiyh ek.kla vtwu =kl ?ksrku- toa vk;Zu yksd vkiyh tehu ?ksrku vkiw ^ikBkjs izHkw* ;sk nZtk fnyk] tehu ijr eakxhryh roa vkEgh ^vks ch lh* >k;yw- vkiq Lork vkiY;k tkxk R;k ijD;kauk bfdrkao u tcjnLrhuhs csaps yksd ?ksrku- vkra [kwip >k;y; ^ewG yksdakpk jkt* ;ksp [kjks[kj ^Lojkt* gk;A Koli Kulbi Kumbhar Aagri Vanloka Bhimkars Adivasi East Indian ek;ekrh lkBh ! For Our Motherland! Send in your stories to us at [email protected] Kokan Bhandari 80% ewG yksdkapk fulZx tehu u Äja gku- ekfoLr yksda vradoknh ek.klk u; & rh vkfnoklh gku- rs vkiY;k tfeuhlkBh ljdkjP;k fojks/k ÒkaMrku- vkra 2014 euh R;kaph iksj gk y<k iqja Äsrku] eh yqd xkc~jsy esaMsl g;k 8 iksjkaeu’kh lxY;ku isdh ckjda gk;- ekuk [kwi =kl lgu djk;yk ykxyk- eh csaps xkok u Òkjrkeuh cja f’k{k.k Äsry;- iqu eh g;k ek;ekrhph lsok djk;yk fu’p; dsyk;- ek>;k ul ul euh ts jxr okgrs rs vuP;k yksdkalkBh u ek;ekrhlkBh gk;- g;k ns’kkP;k yk[kks ewG jfgoklh yksdkalk[khZ ek>h gh dgk.kh gk;- euk gs lkaxk;ps gk; d U;k; feys u;] U;k; Äsryk tkrs- T;kauk dku gku R;kauh ,sdwu ?;k- ,d twVhuh ;smu vkiY;k ek;ekrhlkBh dtk djk- Published Monthly

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This issue is the first print of the only Indigenous News Paper in tabloid form with a registration from the RNI [Registered News Papers of India] office.

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  • ek.klaMaatiAaplivkephMumbai/Mobaim, Thane, Raigad, Chaul, Alibaug, Dhanu, Uran, Dharavi, Uttan, Valsad - Entire Old Kokan

    eaqcbZ % eksc;a 10 ekpZ 2014

    12 pages* Price Rs. 7.00

    ,dksV Ogk !Indigenous Voice Indigenous VoiceewG yksdkapk vkokt ewG yksdkapk vkoktewG yksdkapk vkokt Indigenous Voice

    A newly wed East Indian woman arrives at her husbands house in the early 1930s only to rea-lise theres a battle being fought since many years about land. The indig-enous / East Indian couple continue to live their married life while battling 70 migrant Catholic and 3 Hindu Mi-grant families who are illegally oc-cupying the indigenous familys land through treachery. We have seen this story in many forms in this country as well as in first world countries. America killed the indigenous through various cam-paigns namely, Murder in cold blood, civilizing the tribes to take out the Indian and Retain the Man campaign through its missionary activities, cre-ating systems to address dissent like the Courts and other law maintain-

    lu 1930 euh ,d bLV bafM;u L=h ojkMwu vkiY;k uojkP;k jk vk;yh- fryk letys da [kwi ojlkakh tkxspk dtk pkyyk gk;- ; ewG bLV bafM;u tksMia vkiys thou y

  • ekulaMaatiAaplivkephMUMBAI / MOBAIM 10th March, 2014 eaqcb % eksc;a 10 ekpZ 2014 Page 2

    Indigenous Voice Indigenous VoiceewG yksdkapk vkokt ewG yksdkapk vkoktewG yksdkapk vkokt Indigenous Voice

    vkiY;k vksG[khyk /kksdk Our Identity is at Stake

    If Sion Koliwada falls, all oth-er Koliwadas will fall. these are the words of Ms. Madhuri Shivkar & Mr. Nelson Fernandes, indigenous & currently residing in their semi demolished homes in Sion koliwada. When Builder Sudhakar Shetty used treachery to acquire the area of more than 5 acres in Sion Koliwada, little did he know of what was to follow in terms of a protest. A battle like situation was the environment in Sion Koliwada. The builder along with the BMC and an army of Police managed to threaten the residents of sion ko-liwada into moving into their box like one room transit apartments without any paperwork. The stakes are high, with politicians on the take in this huge 5 acre treacher-ous land deal. The residents protested and were arrested and thrown into prison under false charges framed by the gallant police officers of Sion. The BMC quickly brought in heavy equipment started de-molishing the heritage koliwada. The indigenous people fought back. Ms. Medha Patkar joined the fight. The usual dharna con-tinued with no effect, crooked lawyers came forward to assist. They weakened the indigenous Kolis case miserably. The indig-

    enous people changed lawyers and now the case is in the high court. In the smaller courts the builders men would bid like in an auction, by pretending to scratch their heads but put up fingers to symbolise the amount of lakhs the judge would get. The judge would then make sure the case was in favour of the builder. Any which way the builder was the winner. says a resident of Sion Koliwada who witnessed this first hand. Other organisations like BIPA stepped in with MMKS [Ma-harashtra Machimar Kruti Sami-ti]. These NGOs objectives are to support the indigenous in their struggles. A clarion call was giv-en, this generated more support. This is a wake-up call to the indigenous of Mobaim, if Sion Ko-liwada falls, all other indigenous habitat will fall. The lure of money has sold our nation, we are merely ancient tribes who have survived many rulers, only this ruler uses religion and money to divide for the sake of profit. They dont care for the nation, their God is Money. It is true that The Meek will in-herit the earth. The indigenous have shown that it is possible with a will and a fighting spirit to resist oppression and injustice.

    Bhim Pada - Vikhroli

    Golibar - Khar East

    Shiv Koliwada - Sion

    Sion Koliwada - SionNot a single Political party came forward to help.

  • ek.klaMaatiAaplivkephMUMBAI / MOBAIM 10th March, 2014 eaqcbZ % eksc;a 10 ekpZ 2014 Page 3

    Indigenous Voice Indigenous VoiceewG yksdkapk vkokt ewG yksdkapk vkoktewG yksdkapk vkokt Indigenous Voice

    ...Contd. from page 1. Foreign rulers used weapons of mass destruction since thousands of years to weaken nations they wanted to rule. Such was the environment of un-certainty around this newly married couple. Many of the indigenous died of such weapons in the recent past i.e. the late 1800s & 1900s, the weapon was aptly made to sound natural as the plague, the bubonic plague. Large families were encour-aged by the indigenous since the rate of survival was low and continuity of tribes is maintained in this manner. The newly wedded husband was a se-nior engineer in a reputed company in the 40s. He could support an entire village with his earnings and he did.But then the 70 Catholic migrants families formed a group titled after an esoteric concept, Nirvana. They used the law and corruption to achieve their temporary objectives. The keepers of the system desires that the indigenous disappear, so that their larger designs could come into effect. The Indigenous East Indian family was dragged to court and hu-miliated. Their children who were sheltered by Irish Christian Brothers in education, were taken out of their classrooms to be present in courts, to attend cases put on them by migrant occupiers with the ambition of remov-ing the indigenous totally out of their own motherland. The cases went on for years. The Crass that ruled the na-

    tion and continue to do so, made sure justice was delayed and denied to the indigenous. They do this throughout the whole country and continue to do so even today. Time went by, the sufferings of this Indigenous family continued through the system and corruption. The police was used, the Adminis-tration was used and the migrant oc-cupiers of the Indigenous land had a field day toying with the lives of the innocent women in this large indig-enous family. No one came to the Indigenous aid. They were pacified by concepts of religion to not fight back Offer the other cheek was ad-vised. But the fighting spirit contin-ued. Members of that family began to be targeted. First the Patriarch was hit on the head killing him instantly and the police wrote a report saying it was an accident and he fell to the ground hitting the back of his head on the pavement. Secondly, documents were forged. The children were mo-lested and made to do menial jobs for the catholic & hindu migrants. The Indigenous trees and livestock were poisoned. The mother of 8 children was harassed and humiliated in many ways indescribable. The migrant occupiers had lawyers among themselves, managed to demolish the indigenous house on various legal pretexts. The indigenous continued to have faith in the sys-tem, they approached many courts. The migrant occupiers continued to use

    the system to oppress the Indigenous. On seeing her children with-out a roof, the widowed mother of 8 children went into a shock. But her spirit was one with mother earth. She built her house with her own hands and was ready to do anything to pre-serve it. The Migrants were afraid of her. They compared her to the spirit of the Jaguar - A wild animal who is not afraid of any adversary, be it hu-man too. The family was broken but yet united in spirit. The weak among the siblings were targeted, false police cases put on them, some gave up on their education to focus on the cases. They failed in Society. Time went by, their fighter mother passed away. The fight went cold. Nonetheless continued. Justice delayed. All approaches exhausted. Its 2014, the children have taken the fight forward. I am the youngest of these 8 children, I have seen oppression up close and in per-son. I am Luke Gabriel Mendes in-digenous to Mobaim, Bombay for the uninitiated and Mumbai for the igno-rant. I survived with help from loved ones, got the best education here and abroad with a lot, I mean a lot of dif-ficulty. I was offered to settle in New York, but I chose my motherland be-cause my heart bleeds for my people and My land. My story is similar to the millions of Indigenous in this na-tion who continue to seek for justice but none ever see it. I have news for all of them. Justice is not sought af-

    ter, its delivered. Let those with ears hear! My call to the indigenous, this is the beginning Unite ! Ekot hua For our Motherland!

    Lets Unite ! ,dksV Ogk ! /kZe&tkrh&jax] ?kja lks#u ,dksV dtk d#;k

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  • ek.klaMaatiAaplivkephMUMBAI / MOBAIM 10th March, 2014 eaqcbZ % eksc;a 10 ekpZ 2014 Page 4

    Indigenous Voice Indigenous VoiceewG yksdkapk vkokt ewG yksdkapk vkoktewG yksdkapk vkokt Indigenous Voice

    Your Mother Tongue in Kokan is KOKNI

    On enquiring with many scholars and writers about our mother tongue, most of them only quoted what was written in recent books that were dated in the 1700 and 1800s. I travelled the coastline as well as to the adivasi habitats in the Kokan region. Most natives told me that Kokni was their mother tongue. It was not only their mother tongue, but also the language is of antiquity. I met linguists here and abroad. They reasoned with me. Sanskrit was a spoken language. To preserve it from corruption, a brah-min father would teach his first born male child the language, orally. San-skrit never had a written script. I asked the tribals what would they say for sunlight, they told me Nimbhar, the word for Cook is Randh I put forth many words to many such tribes and found out that the language they spoke was my mother tongue, which is East In-dian. East Indian is the term given to the Indigenous Catholic popula-tion of Bombay, who came together throwing away all labels of previous hindu caste and class and formed a cohesive body called East Indians after the East India company. They got the Queen of England who was ruling Bombay to recognise their new identity. The East Indians re-tained their ancient practices which were part Hindu and Mostly Tribal. East Indian is not a lan-

    guage, but the natives chose to call it thus. I was enlightened to learn that Kokni had an ancient script called Dev Nagri. This script was created in the Land of Saints, Dev Nagri the land of Kokan. Since San-skrits origins were beyond the In-dus valley and the script there was mostly arabic, Sanskrit borrowed the Dev Nagri script because of the long association of the past with the meek natives. Many scholars ask why is Sanskrit script not in Punja-bi, or Gujrathi and why is it in Dev Nagri? The answer is, the ancient land mass of Kokan spread from Kerala to Karachi and some say up to the southern coastline of Iran. Hence Persia was familiar with the dev nagri script. The indgenous lan-guage of Kokan is inevitably Kokni. The ancient Kokan was from Kerala to Karachi. Today the East Indians speak the language not learnt from books but from their parents and thus the language has survived. Politics and Religion have played a major part in denying the indigenous their identity. East Indian parents know best the im-portance of identity when they ask their children to learn their mother tongue. Its time to teach the entire Kokan region their mother tongue. This article is an excerpt from the upcoming book Ancient Kokan and Todays Koknis.

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    By Luke Mendes

    [kwi ys[kdkauk u Kkuh yksdkauk vkiY;k ek;Hkk"kscn~ny bpkjys ro rs cksyys d ts vktP;k dkGh cqdkeuh fyfgya gk; rs 1700 u 1800 ojl ijsu gk;-eh dksd.k kxkekuh vkfnoklh yks-dkauiks o nfj;k fdukjh xsyw- cjsp yksdkauh ekuk lkafxrys d dksd.kh R;kaph ek;k"kk gk;- R;kaph ek;k"kkp u; iqu rh R;kaph tquh k"kk gksrh- eh k"kk ys[kdkauk v;yk u csaps xkok sVyks- R;kauh ekuk letk-bya d laLd`r R;kaph cksyh k"kk gksrh- Hzk"Vkpkjkkh cp.;klkBh ,d Czkkgehu ikl vkiY;k ifgY;k iksjkyk cksyhk"kk fkdok;pk- laLd`ryk ys[kh uOgrh- eh ewG ek.klkauk bpkjya d ^u* g~;k 'kCnkyk rqEgh dk; cksyky \rs cksyys ^fuaj*] u ^tso.k cuok;yk* g~;kyk dk; cksyrku] rs cksyys ^jka/k*eh cjsp 'kCn R;kauk bpkjys u ekuk letys d ts 'kCn rs lkaxr gksrs rh ek>h ek;k"kk gksrh] Eg.ktsp bLV bafM;u Hkk"kkp u; ;ks 'kCn bLV bafM;u gk; tks ewG fDzlrko eksc;aP;k yksdkauk fny;] ts ,dksV ;su ifgykP;k vkiY;k fganw /keZ tkrh

    lks#u] ,d lkslk;Vh Eg.kwu bLV bafM;k daiuhP; ukokkh cufoys- g~;k yksdkauh baXyaMP;k jkuhP;k esjkh vkiyh LFkiuk djwu sryh- ro gh jkuh eksc;aoj jkT; djr gksrh- bLV bafM;u ;kaps tqus fjokt pkywp Bsoys ts ifgyk vkfnoklh gksrs- bLV bafM;u gh k"kk u;] iqu ewGph ek.kla ,skh cksyrku-nso uxjh fyih dksd.k k"kspa twuh ys[kh gk;- gh larkaP;k tehuhoj LFkkiuk >k;yh] dksd.kkr- dksd.kkpk twuk nsk dsjGk rs djkph ijsu gksrk- bLV bafM;u yksda gh Hkk"kk dks.kR;kgh cwdkueakh fkdyh u;] rh cksyh R;kaP;k vk;l&ik;l ;kaP;kkh fkdY;ku- ;kauk Hkk"kk u vksG[kps egRro ekfgrh gk;- vkra VkbZe vk;y;a d vD[kk dksd.k gh ek;k"kk fkdk;yk ikts-

    vkiyh ek;k"kk dksd.keuh Eg.kts ^dksd.kh*

  • ek.klaMaatiAaplivkephMUMBAI / MOBAIM 10th March, 2014 eaqcbZ % eksc;a 10 ekpZ 2014 Page 5

    Indigenous Voice Indigenous VoiceewG yksdkapk vkokt ewG yksdkapk vkoktewG yksdkapk vkokt Indigenous VoiceEditors Choice of words

    In todays scenario, where money dic-tates life and morality, its our commu-nity, the Indigenous of the land right from the beginning, have come for-ward and set the standards for a cohe-sive sustainable society. Corruption is like a venomous snake gone mad and needs to be de-fanged or killed. It is dangerous, and we have been fighting it for thousands of years, way before the Aryans came here to civilize the indigenous tribes. Little did the Aryans know that we have survived for more than 100,000 years as mixed tribes, each specializing in their own tradi-tion and livelihood, Genetic tests have proven it. There was no currency; your skill-set was your only currency. If you knew how to grow rice and you needed fish for the week, you would exchange one weeks supply of rice in exchange for one weeks supply of fish in accor-dance to family size and quantity. This Hunda system made the social struc-ture so strong that it survived along with the tribes practicing it. Once the Aryans came here, they brought with them other social control texts, cur-rency concepts and philosophies. Their concepts created and continue to create social disparity. Its time as a communi-ty we need to go back to our tribal roots and live in harmony with Mother Earth. We need to adapt to the new challenges that threaten to wipe the Indigenous to-tally. We need to equip ourselves with knowledge. We need to know the art of war and self preservation as a whole. We need to acquire survival skills like marksmanship, niche engineering and science, healthcare innovation and unique financial stability like our own autonomous economy. Most impor-tantly we need to stay in touch with our traditional way of livelihood. We need to start caring for our fellow tribesmen and for our natural resources and we must never hesitate to stand with them in any fight that goes against the laws of the land, not man made written laws but natural laws of the land that dic-tates Indigenous coexistence with all other species and plants. Any particu-lar race or community who thinks they can destroy or plunder OUR God given natural resources for their comforts, that race or community must be treated with a iron hand. Our Natural resourc-es include: Land, Rivers, Forests, Our Clean Air, Our Mountains, Oil & ener-gy resources at sea and on land. These natural resources first belong to the Indigenous. We need to connect again with the land, to survive.

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    Interests lie in:1. Guitar, Piano, Violin etc.2. Engineering, fabrcating3. Science and Medicine etc. This information will be part of the Indigenous Directory. Email:[email protected]

    Illegal slums are a proven design of political parties and government officers to grab indigenous land and in-crease voter base as well as make lots of money. This has been continuing for many years now and we have kept silent. Just because its not happening on our land we are not wor-ried. Land is the only commodity that cannot be produced. Land is the only element on which wars have been waged and borders created. Land does not belong to any person or individual, but belongs to the indigenous com-munity who have preserved its integrity for thousands of years without encroaching or destroying the natural habi-tat of plants and animal, indigenous have always main-tained the balance of nature. This political interference in Indigenous land needs to be addressed immediately before they destroy our motherland and move to a foreign country to enjoy their ill gotten wealth. We need to mo-bilise and implement the law of the land on our own. The so called Maoist are actually tribals fighting for their land grabbed by the government and handed over to non indigenous mining companies. We are all aware of how the country is being sold for money. These encroachers are not poor, but they are clever. Since they belong to the political class, they are involved in all kinds of rackets and crimes such as drug peddling, kidnapping, prostitu-tion etc. Daily in Bombay children and women go miss-ing. They are either found dead or are sold to brothels. All this is made possible because they are allowed to op-erate from our land. We must get together and form our own vigilante group and save our land. These slum lords are into the business of encroaching land and they even destroyed our oxygen providing precious mangroves. Mangroves provide 50 times more oxygen than regular trees. Kilometers of mangroves have been cut to house their crimes. These encroachers are criminal elements in-volved with the police and the political class. We must not hesitate to implement the law and take all involved to task. By Blossom Ferreira

  • ek.klaMaatiAaplivkephMUMBAI / MOBAIM 10th March, 2014 eaqcbZ % eksc;a 10 ekpZ 2014 Page 6

    Indigenous Voice Indigenous VoiceewG yksdkapk vkokt ewG yksdkapk vkoktewG yksdkapk vkokt Indigenous Voice

    DWELLING

    Homeopathic Medical Camp organised over two years organised in Koliwadas and Gao-thans in Bombay / Mobaim by BIPA - Bom-bays Indigenous Peoples Association.

    Luke Gabriel Mendes from BIPA taking down ailment details from the poorest of poor marginalized people.

    Mr. Virendra Tiwari and Mr. Shreedhar Kolan from Schwabe India, assisting in the medical camps with Dr. Hiten Safi at Vakola Gaothan. Dr. Hiten practises from Kandivali west.

    Charitable Trust Regn. No. F-39227 /10Society Regn. No.848/2005

    Bombays Indigenous PeoplesAssociation

    After doing research and with many consultations with well known doctors, we at BIPA decided to reach out to the marginal-ized of society and provide a sustain-able affordable healthcare program that will not only benefit the masses, but also give them hope that there are the Indigenous who still care for the homeless and marginalized. Our study in this form of medicine revealed that ho-meopathy derives its medicines from nature. 250 odd years ago, a German Doctor, Dr. Samuel Hahnemann travelled the world and mingled with the Indigenous communities. His sole objective was to study Medicine from the indigenous tribes. His logic was such, if the indigenous have survived for thousands of years and faced so many diseases, how did they manage to do so, and what was their medi-

    cine? Dr. Samuel Hahnemann took enormous trouble to collate informa-tion through landscape and language barriers and come up with Materia Medica. Ayurveda was also part of his study. He improved upon the in-digenous knowledge of medicine and created Homeopathy some 250 years ago. World War 1 casualties used his medicines with great success. Profit mongerers demonize everything that is good and cheaply available so that they can monopolize healthcare. No disease is difficult to beat with ho-meopathy and naturopathy. The final stage of any disease always poses a challenge for the most modern medi-cine too. The demonization of any thing creates a lots of enemy for its self. Propaganda from vested in-terests give other schools of medi-cine a bad name. The white pills in

    homeopathy: these pills are made from the first lot of sugar process-ing. Its the purest from of glucose. The concentration in the strength of the medicine is measured as such, 6c, 30, 60, 100, 200, 1M and 10M, where 6c is mild and 10M is very strong. The flower Arnica [It is yel-low and looks like a mini sunflower], is crushed and put through a process where its potency / medicinal strength is separated from fiber and other col-ors and is preserved in alcohol. This alcohol is only produced by the gov-ernment to maintain its high stan-dards worldwide. The doctor puts the concentration of this medicine in a container with sugar pills. The brain recognizes sugar as food and the medicine is delivered to its desti-nation. The alcohol is strong and the sugar also makes swallowing easy. The white sweet powder that the doc-tor gives in small folded packets is pure lactose only made in Denmark. These powders are used only at the doctors discretion. There are rumors that some doctors use Steroids in their medicines. That is true in some cases. Most doctors dont use steroids since its does have some side effects, this could lead to those doctors losing their credibility, homeopathy very rarely has any side effects.

    Germany has a first of its kind Ho-meopathy Hospital that functions like any busy large hospital in the world. We at BIPA have already pro-vided service to 25,000 people over two years. BIPA requires funds to con-tinue to reach out to the marginalized / poor. Your contributions will help us continue our work. Our Panel of Doc-tors include Dr. Charulata, Dr. Hiten, Dr. Kayuum, Dr. John Rodrigues, Dr. Disha Vera among others. If you do need medical advise or you need to consult a Homeopathic doctor or even organise a medical camp in your area, kindly email us on;[email protected]

    Dr. Hahnemann

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    DWELLING

    Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. - Mar-tin Luther King.From December 1st. 2012, concerned activists and residents of Malwani Malad, approached various authori-ties including the Municipal com-missioner. All gave assurances but the problems have not been resolved. The 30,000 signatures, memorandum, postcards, sms and email campaigns have failed to stir the concerned au-thorities. A meeting with the Chief Minister was sought but has not mate-rialized. We have been given the silent treatment by the authorities. Through RTIs and investi-gations, the indigenous activists and residents of Malwani discovered a deliberate manipulation of the Malad /Marve Road line which swung it to-wards the Church [A heritage Grade 2A Structure 400 years old] which robs the church of precious ancestral heritage land [Approx 25,000 sq ft.] In the ongoing current road expan-sion, the Church has already given 10,000 sq ft. of land as the BMC has taken equally on both sides but in the Church and School area they want it

    only from the Church side. On the op-posite side of the Church illegal build-ings have come up and they are not being touched. Father Austin Norris, Parish Priest of St. Anthonys Church, have kept Cardinal Oswald Gracias, Archbishop of Bombay apprised on a regular basis. Cardinal Gracias has been concerned and His Eminence has also taken up this issue with the high-est authorities at the state and center.In the recent past the BMC has made unjust attempts to take the St. Peters Church, Bandra, St. Andrews Church and Parsi Agiary lands. Citizens groups had vociferously protested. Recently notices were served on Sacred Heart Church, Santacruz and Missionaries of Charity at Vile Parle. The Damocles sword still hangs and we cant remain quiet or complacent. The BMC being a cor-poration and not a Charitable trust expects the common Indigenous citi-zen to give their land and benefit in-dividuals who are part of the political and bureaucracy class. The Police is party to whatever the administration decides and cannot be trusted.All this land grab is for the sake of

    Chalo Azad Maidan ! pyk vk>kn eSnkukoj!

    ek;ekrhyk cpok!Save Our Motherland !

    development so that the state can pro-vide free housing to their progeny as well as their workers who encroach upon open land reserved for nature [Rivers, Mangroves, Forests, lakes, salt pans which regulate the water lev-el of the sea and other open spaces].The Indigenous of Bombay / Mobaim have put forth demands that have to be met by the state machinery before popular anger is expressed on the streets as well as in courts.

    1. Immediate & permanent withdraw-al of Unjust land acquisition notices served to St. Anthonys Church and School, Malwani, Malad [W] & Our Lady of Assumption Church & St. Jo-seph School, Kandivali [W]2. Demand immediately set up and make functional Christian Cemeteries at Kandivali [E] & Goregaon [E] for over 1.25 lac resident Christians. 3. Withdraw all tourism development contd. on page 9

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    BIPA - Activity

    Our Gaothans, Koliwadas, Bhimwadas, Agri & Adivasi Padas could look like this little village in Modern day Spain.

    The preservation and conti-nuity of our heritage and culture cannot be depended on the whims of those who govern us, but it will depend solely on our own efforts. BIPA is planning a campaign titled Beautiful village with all other associations, like minded and skilled people. Today most gaothans have non-indige-nous people as residents who have no love for the motherland. Some of our people along with these Non-Indigenous Residents [Lets give them an acronym - NIR], rent and sell their houses to other NIRs who again have no love for the motherland, conduct illegal devel-opments and a gaothan / Koliwada begins to resemble a slum. What the indigenous does not under-

    stand that after selling the land the money too gets spent, in no time the indigenous person is now with-out money and also without land. The Supreme Court Writ Peti-tion 664 of 1993 states that under the CRZ notification 1991, tradi-tional coastal communities cannot Sell or Transfer traditional lands to Non-Traditional communities. And likewise non-traditional per-sons cannot purchase land in tradi-tional habitat / dwelling places. Leasing is always the best option for short term monetary gains. An-other most efficient way for the indigenous to earn a livelihood is to beautify the village and create high standards and interest for the tourists. But that micro economy must be handled by the indigenous

    and it should be their full right to do so legally without the interfer-ence of the BMC and others. Our lawyers must assist our people toward self sustenance. Thus the village beautification project will not only make money for our people they will also be proud of their habitat and be compelled to maintain the place to keep tour-ists interested. Email for more info [email protected]

    vkiys xkoBu] dksGhokMk] HkheokMk] vkxjh u vkfnoklhikMk csapkxko ^Lisu* tSla fnlsy

    vkiY;k bfrgkl u vksGd viq Lork lakGwu Bsokyk ykxsy- vktP;k xkoB.k u dksGhokM;keuh csaps yksd jsrku- gh ek.kla vkiY;k jkaph csdk;nk cka/kdke djwu rhp ?kj >ksiMiV~Vh lkjds fnlrku- roa rs ,l- vkj- ,- P;k MksG;keuh ;srs- ewG yksd ja bdhrku Eg.kwu R;kapk iSlk [kirs u tkehu h ulrs- lqIzkhjhe dksVkZpk fo`V isVhu 664 & 1993 ,sla lkaxrs da & lh- vkj- >sM- 1991 lkyh-pk] csaph ek.kla dksGhokM;ku u xkoB.k euh [kjsnh] jsgw u bdw 'kdr uk;- Eg.kwu ewG yksd vkiyk dksGhokMk u xkoBk.k lqanj cuowu Vwfjl~V yksdkauk vkdZ"k.k djwu vkiyk jkstxkj deow 'kdrku- ; [kkyh 'kD; gk; tj ch- ,e- lh- vMp.k ky.kkj uk;- vkiys odhy enr djkyk ikts- chik laVu ^lqanj xko^ izkstsdV vk;ksftr dj.kkj gk;- T;kLrh ekfgrhlkBh &esy djk-

    All translations done by Blossom Ferreira and Matina Giggol.

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    Contd. from page 7 plans & dumping grounds from the Versova, Madh, Marve, Manori Gorai, Uttan areas. These plans will have a direct impact on the lifestyle, livelihood & natural habitat on the Indigenous people.4. Withdraw all demolition notices on Ancient Crosses in the City and state of Maharashtra. Police to be ques-tioned on inaction towards the des-ecration of crosses and crimes against Christians in Maharashtra. Culprits to be arrested as soon as possible.5. Demand immediate resolution to issues of Gaothans, Koliwadas, Agri-padas, Adivasi Padas thru withdraw-ing notifications in DP of these areas as Slums, Scrap SEZs, SRA schemes in Gaothans & Koliwadas and give

    Enough Damage is done to our motherland, we cannot expect the BMC Corporation to have wisdom. No More Land to Govt.

    BMC, We stand for Peace but will NOT give a Piece of Our Land. One placard read.

    ek;ekrhfp [kwip uqdlku >k;ya-

    a single window repair permissions with representatives of the communi-ty in government offices [MHADA, BMC, SRA, Environment, Traffic, Police, Customs, Port Trust, Forest]6. Maharashtra, in 2013 is the No. 2 state in India with the highest atroci-ties against Christians [Times of In-dia Mumbai 23rd Jan 2014 Times city page 7] STOP THIS HAPPEN-ING IMMEDIATELY and enforce Rule of Law and the Constitution of freedom to practise and propagate Religion. All these points to be dis-cussed in Azad Maidan on 15th March 2014, 3:00 pm onwards. Other wellwishers can join in to show their support.

    * St. Anthonys Church requires your support to fight this injustice. Church land belongs to its parishioners and not the BMC to use for builders.Kindly send donation cheques made in favor of St. Anthonys Church and courier it to St Anthonys Church, Malwani, Malad west Mum-95.Contact: Dolphy-9820226227, Stanley-9892500031

    Two Weeks Summer Workshop on Film-MakingLearn the art and technique of film-making with

    Industry Professionals. Date 22nd April to 3rd May 2014.

    The workshop will cover the basic aspects of Direction, Screenwriting, Lighting &

    Editing. A unique programme where the participants will learn the Art and Craft of Film-Making hands-on under the guidance of industry experts. The programme includes shooting a

    four-minute short film by each participant that which will add to their portfolio.

    Course Director: Luke Mendes (He holds a Post-Graduate Degree in Cinematography, Cinema Technique, Screenwriting [Advanced] from NYU - New York University, Manhat-

    tan NY. His short film Dog Eat Dog was an official selection at the Festival De Cannes and made it to the short list at the L.A. film festival 2009 in California US. He also holds a post-

    grad in mass communication.)

    Tuition fee Rs. 12000/- + 12.36% service tax, Board / Lodge fee: Rs. 3600/-St. Pauls Institute of Communication Education 24th Road, TPS lll, Bandra West, Mumbai 400050. Tel: 022-26435709, +91-9833806739

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    HEALTH

    Bottled Water Is Bad for You !

    Bottled water is often associ-ated with health and clean-liness. A major concern in the mainstream in recent years has been the presence of BPAs (Bis-phenol A), chemicals that leach off plastic containers and contaminate the food or liquid inside and cause problems spanning hormonal is-sues, migraines, obesity, birth de-fects, and even cancer. But BPAs are only the tip of the iceberg, for the vast majority of chemicals in bottled water are not only not yet known, but havent yet been stud-ied for potential health hazards, until recently. A 2013 German study found that bottled water is contam-inated with nearly 25,000 different chemicals on average, after exam-ining 18 different brands that had a mean number of 24,520. These chemicals are not harmless. The scientists were unable to identify the direct effects of each single chemical, but they did make strong conclusions about the net overall effect of consuming these common brands of bottled water.They found that 13 out of 18 had serious antiestrogenicity effects, and 16 out of 18 waters were an-

    tiadrogenic, meaning they caused disruption of male hormones and reproductive organs, by reducing the functionality of androgen re-ceptors by as much as 90%.Because this study only focused on the hormonal effects of bottled wa-ter chemicals, it did not make con-clusions about the potential harms on the rest of the body. More im-portantly, the scientists noted that more must be done, because lack of research up to this point has al-lowed plastic manufacturers and distributors to go largely unregulat-ed, a key issue they emphasized:Applying a novel approach to combine biological and chemical analysis this is the first study to identify so far unknown EDCs in bottled water. Notably, dioctyl fu-marates and maleates [broad class-es of chemicals] have been over-looked by science and regulation to date. This illustrates the need to identify novel toxicologically relevant compounds to establish a more holistic picture of the human exposome. Its almost impossible to avoid drinking anything out of a plastic bottle at one point or anoth-er, so at this point, its important at

    least to use a BPA-container when available. If you buy a drink at a store, you can minimize your expo-sure to leached chemicals by stick-ing to plastic bottles that are labeled with a 1 or at worst a 2 at the bottom. These numbers reflect the quality and strength of the plastic used, and thus their varying pro-pensities to leak chemical residues into the contained liquid. Unfortu-nately for the urban class bottled water is a convenience and for the shallow minded a status symbol. Source: Jonathan Cho - Real Phar-macy

    We are going to start a FM radio Channel, but we need your help. We need volunteers, partners, dedicated interested people to help and assist in getting

    our voice to our people. We need Most Importantly are FUNDS and committed people.

    email on [email protected]

    ckVYkhpk ik.kh vkiY;k rcsrhyk cjs u;!

    God can only save the people of Kadeshwari Mandir Road, Off. St. John Baptista Road, Bandra west, Mumbai From Den-gue, Malaria and other water borne disesases. Despite of my written com-plaint against Illegal shops over wa-ter drains, covering the Fire Hydrants to the Municipal Commissioner, Mumbai, The Assistant Municipal Commissioner, Mr. Prashant Sapkale, H- west ward , Bandra west and Ms. Karen Dmello, Councillor ward no.96, Indian National Congress Party there has been no action with respect to demolition of the illegal shops. After my complaint Shri Baba Siddique- MLA Indian National Congress along with Ms. Karen Dmello had visited Kadeshwari Mandir Road Bandra (west), but that was only for a political purpose. When Mr. Clifford Cardoz a resident of Kadeshwari mandir Road request-ed Ms. Karen Dmello to take action against these illegal shops, she said that it is not her job to demolish the illegal shops on the water drains. So it is very clear that the Indian National Congress Councillor and MLA are supporting and guard-ing illegal shops over public water drains at Kadeshwari Mandir Road for Vote bank purpose. Despite of annexing photographs of, stagnant

    Dengue at Kadeshwari - Bandrawater of a over flowing water drain with shops on it, fire hydrant occu-pied by shops, in my written com-plaint, there has not been any action either from the Municipal Corpora-tion or the elected representatives of Indian National Congress party. This is a clear case of vote bank politics by the Indian National Congress. There are more than 50 shops, come up within a span of 2 to 3 years. The maintenance staff of the BMC cannot clean the water drains, I have made several complaints to the BMC, but there is no action from the BMC. This amounts to dereliction of duty by elected representatives of the Indian National Congress and the Assistant Municipal Commissioner. I have attached my written complaint addressed to the Municipal Commis-sioner, Mumbai, The Assistant Mu-nicipal Commissioner, Mr. Prashant Sapkale, H- west ward , Bandra west and Ms. Karen Dmello, Councillor ward no.96, Indian National Con-gress Party along with Photgraphs of the Illegal Shops for public perusal. Shane CardozAdvocate 9820517020

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    HEALTH

    They took our Land, Water and now Air

    In the early nineties, perhaps over 37 sq. km. of mangroves existed in Mumbai, largely in the Thane creek, Mahim, Versova, Gorai and Ghodbunder, with sporadic patches in places such as Bandra, Malabar Hill and Colaba. Mum-bai has probably lost 40 per cent of all its mangroves in the past decade or so, largely because of reclamation for hous-ing, slums, sewage treatment and garbage dumps. Fortunately, thanks to the Godrej family, we still have excellent mangrove forests in Vikhroli (Link). Around 20 out of the 35 species of true mangroves found in India have been iden-tified along the Maharashtra coast and 15 species of these are found in Mumbai. Because of the high salinity of the soil, something like 60 per cent of Mumbai mangroves comprise Avicennia marina. Not surprisingly this species also tolerates pollution including heavy met-als such as lead, mercury and chromium, all found in significant concentrations in the Mithi river. Rapid illegal develop-ments like illegal land encroachments by the BMC, industrialization, pollu-tion and increasing influx of uncultured migrant population into Mumbai has re-sulted into the degradation of mangroves. There are two important creeks, Vasai Creek towards north and Thane Creek towards the south where luxuriant man-grove patches are still left. Otherwise the State Govt. agencies have failed to protect this important, productive mangrove eco-system from building mafias whom the State and bureaucracy are involved with. Nothing can be expected from the state except harassment of activists who are trying to protect these mangroves, politicians do this only for personal profit stored in Swiss Banks. The worst affected area in Mumbai is the entire western front

    excepting Carter Road where the man-groves have grown and have also regis-tered an increase in height in the last 10 years. This has only been possible due to the participation of citizens forums fight-ing individually against the state. In India, a legal protection is af-forded to this ecosystem by way of legis-lation in the form of Coastal Regulation Zone Notification implemented by the Supreme Court. Recently Mumbai High Court has ordered freeze on destruction of mangrove forests in Maharashtra and has banned construction within 50 metres of them. The court has also directed to no-tify mangrove areas as protected forests. Thus, there is already a mechanism pro-vided for management of this ecosystem. Unfortunately, however many a times the legal provisions are not being enforced to curb the illegal activities because the law is not implemented since the Police and Politicians are working with the land mafias. The IGNORANT politicians use these encroachers of land as their vote banks with promises of permanent hous-ing on Mangrove forest lands. Little do they realize that the rapid destruction of mangroves along the coast of Mumbai will have far-reaching effects on the city. In such a situation, protection of the mangrove ecosystem is possible only through the participation of the local com-munity and by building up pressure groups for ensuring management of this ecosys-tem and strict implementation of the legal provisions by the Government. The integ-rity of habitats are critical for fish breeding, feeding and for biodiversity, apart from ecological sustainability and communi-ty-sustainability could be maintained. Lets help our motherland, email your ideas on this issue to [email protected]

    tehu xsyh&ikuh xsyk&vkra okjk !

    MANGROVES our lungs and livelihood being

    encroached by illegal development CRZnormsfloutedbyBMC

    Mangroves cleared behind Janki Devi School. This calculated de-struction of Mangroves and illegal debri dumping and settlements show the BMCs involvement in this huge crime.

    To Advertise with us, kindly email us on

    [email protected]@gmail.com

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    Disclaimer: Aamchi Maati Aapli Mansa is a platform for the Indigenous Peoples Voice. Its a news paper by our community for our community. This News paper is not aligned with any religion or caste. This Monthly news paper can only continue to serve the community if the community continues to assist us. We need Funds, Office space, Reporters [We can train you], contributors [help in translations], solutions for our Adivasis, Kulbi, Kolis, Bhimkars, etc., and other tribes indigenous to Mobaim / Kokan. Please do not hesitate to advertise or partner with us in any which way possible. Our partner is BIPA, a registered charitable Trust as well as a Society. Donations in cheque can be made in favour of Bombays Indigenous Peoples Association. email us on [email protected] for more details.

    Indigenous Personality of the MonthJoseph Kaka Baptista (17 March 1864 (1864-03-17)1930) was an In-dian freedom fighter from Bombay (to-day known as Mumbai), closely associat-ed with the Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the Home Rule Movement. He was elected as the Mayor of Bombay in 1925. He was given the title Kaka that means Uncle.Barrister Joseph Baptista popularly known as Kaka Baptista was born on March 17, 1864, in Matharpacady, Mazg-aon, Mumbai. He hails from Vadvals who are grouped in the East Indian Christian Community. His father was John Baptis-ta from Uttan, Salsette near Bassein. He was educated at St. Marys High School, Nesbit Road, Mazagaon. He was one of the brilliant students of the school. After matriculation he joined The College of Science at Pune and studied Civil Engi-neering.In 1886 he acquired the L.C.E. degree of the University of Bombay. He was then employed in Bombay Provincial Government as engineer in the Forest Department. He was engineer at Thane and Sind for seven years. He did not like the element of corruption then prevalent amongst the Europeans and so left the job. After his resignation he sailed for London to pursue studies in Law and Political Science. He obtained a B.A. degree in Political Science in 1898 from Fritzbillian College, Cambridge as also the Law Tripos from Cambridge in 1899. This was the time when Baptista first met Lokmanya Tilak. Napoleonic in stature, he was a prize for his size.Important events.1864 Born at Mazgaon, Mumbai.1883 Passed L.C.E. of B.U.; Joined For-est Department of Bombay State.1894 Resigned the Forest Department1895 Proceeded to London to study Law and British Politics.1897 Moved a resolution in the Students Union, Cambridge.1899 Passed B.A. in Politics from Cam-bridge and acquired Law Tripos from Greys Inn and returned to India to prac-tice Law.1900 Lecturer in Law School, Bombay.1901 Published his two booms: Interna-tional Commerce Law, Roman Law.1901 Accepted Vaklat Nama of Mr. V.D. Savarkar and others.1901 Entered in Bombay Municipal Cor-poration.1908 Accepted Vakalat Nama of Tilak.

    1908 Ac-cepted Vaka-lat Nama of S.M. Paran-jape.1915 Poona P r o v i n c i a l Conference and Baptis-tas speech.1916 Home Rule League set up in April at Bel-gaum.1916 Draft C o n s t i t u -tion on Ca-nadian Pat-tern.1917 First Labour strike of Postal Dept. : Bap-tistas Lead-ership.1918 Bap-tistas pamphlet in London on Selft-determination for India.1919 Bombay Provincial Conference.1919 Responsive Co-operation to U.K.1919 Mill Workers strike : Baptistas Leadership.1919 Rowlat Act: Baptista pronounced it as Kala Kaida.1920 All India Trade Union Congress formed by Lala Lajpat Rai, Diwan Cha-man Lal Dua and Barrister Baptista.1921 Second Session of AITUC at Jharia and Baptistas Address.1924 Baptista elected at Legislative Council.1925 Baptista elected Mayor of Bombay1927 Baptista proceeded to Geneva1930 August, pronounces help to Indian National Congress.1930 September, Baptistas demise at BombayBaptista died in 1930 and is buried in the Sewri cemetery. In 1999, a book on Bap-tista titled Joseph Baptista: The father of Home Rule in India was released by K R Shirsat at Lalbaug in Mumbai. Through the book, the author hoped that Baptista would be a role model for modern-day youths.

    tkslQ ^dkdk* ckifVLVk Joseph Kaka Baptista

    tkslQ ^dkdk* ckifVLVk 1865 & 1930] gs eksc;aps Hkkjrh; Lora= pGoGhps ,d nskHkDr gksrs-rs ckG xaxk/kj fVGdP;k esjP;k ifjp;krhy vlwu gkse #G pGoGhr Hkkx ?ksryk gksrk- rs 1925 lkyh eksc;aps egkikSj fuoM dsys gksrs- R;kauk

    lxGht.ka ^dkdk* cksyr gksrs- dkdakp tUe 17 ekZp 1864 lkyh ekFkjidkMh xko] ek>xkaoeuh eksc;ayk >k;ya- rs oMoy g;k bLV bafM;u fdzLVh lkektkeuh gksrs- R;kaps ikl tWu ckifVLVk mRrups gkrs- R;kaps f'kd{k.k lsaV esjh> gk; Ldwy v;yk >k;ys- rs gqkj fon;FkhZ gksrs- ,l- ,l- lh- eDh rs iq.;kyk xsys- foKku dWkysteuh flfoy bathU;jhaxps fkD{k.k srys- 1883 lkyh] R;kauh vk;- lh- - ph inoh eksc;a egkfon;ky;keukh sryh-R;kauh bathU;jhaxps dke eksc;aeuh ou[kkR;kr srys- rs lkr ojl Bk.ks o fla/keuh bathU;j gksrs- ;ksjksfi;u yksdkaekuh pky.kkjk Hzk"Vkpkj R;kauk ilan uOgrk Eg.kwu R;kauh uksdjh lksjhyh- jkthukek nsu rs yaMueuh dk;nk u jkT;kkL=kps fk{k.kklkBh xsys-egRrokP;k Vuk% 1864 tUeys ek>xkao] ec;a-1883 vk;- lh- - ikl eksc;a egkfon;ky;keuh oufokxkeuh jrh- 1894 yaMuyk dk;nk u fCzkVhk jktdkj.k fkdk;yk xsys-

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