march 2009lofar mksp update: ska and prepska paul alexander
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March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
OverviewOverview
– Internationally coordinated project has really
started – PrepSKA
– SKA Programme Development Office (SPDO)
coordinating development work
– Three concept specifications defined (Memo 100)
– Reference science plan currently being
constructed against which concept specifications
will be tested
– Costed system design by 2012 Q2 (2013 Q2)
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
15/11/07 (v2.3) First Stage Full SKA
Parameter Phase 1 Mid-band – inc.dense AA
Phase 2 scenarios Low & mid-bands – all inc. AAs to 500MHz
Phase 3 High band
WBF only WBF+PAF* WBF only WBF+PAF* WBF+dense AA
Frequency Low Low (GHz) Range: High
500 MHz 10 GHz
500 MHz 10 GHz
70 MHz 10 GHz
70 MHz 10 GHz
70 MHz 10 GHz
10 GHz 35 GHz
Survey speed (m4K-2deg2)
70 - 200 MHz
200 - 500 MHz 0.7 GHz
1.4 GHz 3 GHz
10 GHz
25 GHz 35 GHz
1 x 107 1 x 107
2 x 106 5 x 105 2 x 104
1 x 107 3 x 107
3 x 107 1 x 105 5 x 103
3 x 109
2 x 1010
3 x 108
6 x 107
1 x 107
5 x 105
3 x 109
2 x 1010
1 x 109
1 x 109
5 x 106
2 x 105
3 x 109
2 x 1010
2 x 1010
4 x 107
1 x 107
4 x 105
4.6 x 104
2.4 x 104
Min. sensitivity at 45o Aeff/Tsys (m
2K-1)
70 - 200 MHz 200 - 500 MHz
700 MHz
1.4 GHz 3 GHz
10 GHz
25 GHz 35 GHz
200 2 000
2 000 2 000 1 300
200 1 100
1 100 1 100
700
4 000 10 000
12 000
12 000 12 000 8 000
4 000 10 000
7 000
7 000 7 000 5 000
4 000 10 000 10 000
10 000 10 000 7 000
5 000
5 000 5 000
Configuration:
core: < 1 km inner: < 5 km mid†: < 180 km
outer: <~3000 km
50 % 75 %
100 %
50 % 75 %
100 %
20 % 50 % 75 % 100 %
20 % 50 % 75 % 100 %
20 % 50 % 75 % 100 %
20 % 50 % 75 % 100 %
WFoV for Surveys: Spectral imaging / time domain
max baseline km channels #
sample rate ms
5 16 384
0.1
5 16 384
0.1
10 32 768
0.1
10 32 768
0.1
10 32 768
0.1
20 32 768
0.1
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
SpecificationsSpecifications
Freq Range Collector Aeff/Tsys Survey Speed
m2 K-1 m4 K-2 deg2
70 – 450MHz Sparse AA 4-10,000 3x109
300 – 1000MHz Dense AA 10,000 2 x 1010
@ 800 MHz
0.8 – 10 GHZ 2400 12-15m Dish 10,000 4x107
Wide-band feeds @ 1.4 GHz
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
100 500 1000 3000
10
1
100
1000
Frequency (MHz)
Sky B
rig
htn
ess
Tem
pera
ture
(K
)
Aeff
Aeff/Tsys
10000
1000
5000
Fully sampled AA-hi
Sparse AA-lo
TskyBecoming sparse
above fAA
Aeff / T
sys (m
2 / K)
Tailoring the AA system
Dishes800MHz
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
Conceptual ConfigurationConceptual Configuration
Station
Core ~5km dia
Central ProcessingFacility
Comms links
Not to scale!
180km
Dishes spread along spiral
Dishes
AA-hi
AA-lo
~250 Aperture array stations~250 Aperture array stations
~2500 Dishes~2500 Dishes
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
Where are we in the Global Project?2020- Operations and science exploitation
2020 Completion of Phase-2
2016-2020 Construction of Phase-2 and Initial science
2012-2016 Production verification and Phase-1 construction
2011 Site selection
2008-2012 Technology development
2006 Short listing of sites
2005-2009 Technology research
2000 Start of global project
SKADS
PrepSKA
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
ESFRIESFRI
• Body set up by European Science Ministers
• To develop a strategic roadmap for major Research Infrastructures (RIs) in Europe
• Based on international peer-review
• RIs must be– Of Pan-European interest– At a mature level– Some projects of global
dimensionELTFAIRKM3NETSKA (Global)SPIRAL2
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
PrepSKAPrepSKAAwarded €5.5M from EC + larger national matching
funds
PrepSKA will address the following:
• Design of the SKA
• SKA location
• Legal framework and governance
structure for the SKA
• Cost-effective mechanisms for
SKA procurement
• SKA funding
• Socio-economic impact of the
SKA
WP # Title Budget (€k)
1 PREPSKA Mgmt 351
2 SKA Design 3305
3 SKA Site Studies 415
4 SKA Governance 408
5 SKA Procurement + industrial involvement
623
6 Developing SKA funding model
338
7 Production of implementation plan
60
Total 5500
Will deliver the design and plan for a coordinated funding proposal
submission to governments in early 2012.
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
SKA Global Collaboration
SKA Program Development Office
(SPDO)
Europe(AAVP, LOFAR)
Canada(ASKAP, PHAD)
PrepSKA(WP2)
USA(TDP, ATA)
South Africa
(MeerKAT)
Australia(ASKAP)
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
SKA Project organisation
SSECSKA Science & Eng. Committee
FAWGFunding Agencies Working Group
SSECSKA Science & Eng. Committee
FAWGFunding Agencies Working Group
SPDOSKA Project Development Office
SPDOSKA Project Development Office
Project Engineer
Executive Officer
Project Scientist
Director
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
06 | 08 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 |
System DesignSystem DesignPhase 2 Phase 2
construction and construction and commissioningcommissioning
Sites short-listed
EC-FP7: PrepSKA
System design, Funding
Governance, Procurement,Site Selection
Preliminary SKA specs External
Engineering Review of design
Reference Design selected
Pathfinder Suite Construction
Early ScienceEarly Science SKA SKA mid+lowmid+low
Phase 2Phase 2CompleteComplete
SKA SKA PathfindersPathfindersCompleteComplete
Pathfinder science
Phase 1 complete
Concept Concept DesignDesign
SiteSelect
Phase 1 Phase 1 construction and construction and commissioningcommissioning
SKA timelineSKA timeline
AAVP
Anticipated
SKASKAFundingFundingDecisonDecison
Anticipated
SKASKAFundingFundingDecisonDecison
Target cost forPhases 1 & 2:€1.5B
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
Global Collector R&DGlobal Collector R&D
USA
Canada
S.Africa
Australia
NL
EMBRACE+2PAD
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9
P1 SKA design SKA concept delineation
SKA specification
& simulations
SKA life cycle study
SKA operation
SKA support model
SKA cost optimisation
SKA manufacturing
studies
SKA-P1 technical doc
SKA system design
P2SKA-P1 Sub-system spec & evaluation
SKA-P1 sub-systems
specification
P3Initial Verification System
IVS specification
IVS construction
IVS Int. & TestAperture
array verif. programme
P4Dish design & optimization
Dish design 1
Basic metal
Dish design 2
Composite
Dish design 3
Carbon fibre
Dish design 4
Hi-perf. metal
P5 Feed prototypingWideband single-pixel
feeds
WFoV: Aperture array
tiles
WFoV: Phased array feeds
WFoV: Multiple-feed
clusters
P6Receiver prototyping
Low-noise amplifiers
Integrated receivers
New-gen. cryo solutions
P7Signal transport prototyping
Intra-antenna data links
Intra-station data links
Station-core data links
LO and timingMonitor &
control
P8Signal processing prototyping
Station DSP CorrelatorsInterference mitigation
Non-imaging processors
P9Computing specification & prototyping
Computing & software
specification
Computing hardware
Software engineering
Data products & VO plan
CalibrationScience post Processing
P10
WP2 design study management
PM
SPDO project management
SKA Technology Work Package Structure (ISPO)SKA Technology Work Package Structure (ISPO)
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
Aperture Array Verification Programme
AAVP 2009-2012AAVP 2009-2012
• Coordination of the European technical work, primarily for the
aperture arrays;
• Ensure that the verification programme for aperture arrays meets the requirements of the SKA Project;
• Provides a focus and information exchange for European SKA development work
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
AAVP Principle Deliverables
1. Approved and verified design for Phase 1 1. Approved and verified design for Phase 1 AA integrated into the SKA-P1 system. AA integrated into the SKA-P1 system.
2. Clear development path to SKA Phase 2 AA 2. Clear development path to SKA Phase 2 AA system.system.
A design provided with ‘Request for Quotation’ documents with substantial technical detail for industrial competitive selection and delivery of pre-production parts. These parts are expected to integrated within 2 years after funding availability (assumed coincident with PrepSKA end);
Design performance verification in the form of independently refereed documentation
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
AAVP Organisation Chart
ESKAC + EU-PrepSKA PI’s
(the ‘Board’)
SPDOSPDO
A3IVASTRONBuild and test astronomically capable AA.
Use EMBRACE & derivatives for ongoing test and development.
Domain Leaders
SSEC
Director & PE
DAAVSUKBuild, test & calibrate an all digital AA. On a representative site.
Use 2-PAD & derivatives for ongoing test and development.
AA-SEMPortugalProvide a site, infrastructure and power for a representative site, including solar power.
Assist with detailed testing of AAs installed.
AA-TechASTRONThe development programmes for the AA sub-systems.
The technology developed here are used in the demonstrators.
AA-SDSUKSystem design studies with close connection to the requirements to meet the science goals.
Inc. simulations, costing & processing requirements.
AA-LoINAF/IRADevelopment of the low frequency specific AA components. Most sub-systems will be re-used from AA-hi.
Use lessons learned from activities in LOFAR and other LF Arrays.
AAVP TeamAAVP TeamProgramme -
Coordinator Engineer System Engineer Scientist
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
Wideband RFBeamformer 1
1 2 n….Dual PolAntennas
Wideband RFBeamformer 2
1 2 n….Wideband RF
Beamformer m
1 2 n….
…..
Digitisation Digitisation Digitisation
Signal Processing
DefinedInterface
…..Beamformer
Control & Monitor
…..
Tile processing Board: m channels
12
p
..
Station processing & Control & Monitor
….. …..
Calib-ration
Control
SystemTimestandard
OutputData
ControlInformation
TimeStandard
RFIShield
b, Dual PolBeam(s)
PWR PWR PWR
One Generic Aperture Array…..
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
AA-Tech
Antenna elements and array design
LNA and Matching
RF Beamforming& analogue transport
Digital processingHardware
Beamforming Algorithms
Calibration Hardware &
implementation
Mechanical infrastructure
Development of the antenna element, mechanical integration, matching with LNA
and testing
LNA design, differential, packaging. Works closely with element and array design.
RF beamforming development, analogue input to the RFI shield bunker and input
signal cond.
Digital processor implementations and trade-offs.
Software algorithm, development and implementation
Hardware required, methodology and algorithms
Structural, materials, production engineering, RFI performance. MTBF and
MTTR analysis
UK & NL
NL
France
UK
NL
UK
Italy
Lead PrepSKA WP2. mapping:
5.2
6.1
3.4
8.1
8.1
8.1/3.4
3.4
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
The Technology ProgrammeThe Technology Programme
UK contribution to core SKA UK contribution to core SKA
technologytechnology
Contribute to development of Contribute to development of
AA technology for use in the SKAAA technology for use in the SKA(following on from SKADS)(following on from SKADS)
Theme A
Theme B
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
Workpackages & Tasks Task
A.1 .1 Cost and design tool
.2 AA cost modelling & design coord
.3 Real time control & monitoring
.4 System simulation
A.2 .1 Data Links
.2 Phase transfer
A.3 .1 Signal processing
A.4 .1 Fourier-plane processing
.2 Calibration & image-plane effects
.3 Algorithms for transient detection
.4 Data management, data flow
.5 Eff. imaging algorithms & parall’n
Task
B.1 .1 Mid-Frequency Array
.2 Low frequency Array
B.2 .1 LNAs and element matching
.2 InP LNA development
.3 Gain, filtering and equalization
.4 Analogue signal transport
.5 Digitization
B.3 .1 AA infrastructure
B.4 .1 Calibration for the AA
B.5 .1 UK Contribution to the AAVP
March 2009 LOFAR MKSP
ConclusionConclusion• New 650-km optical fibre network
connects telescopes at 30 Gb/ s
• 2 GHz bandwidth high sensitivity: ~ 1 J y in 24h
• 217-km max. baseline40 mas resolution at 6 GHzsub-mas astrometry
• New correlator 32k spectral channels (full b/ w) 25 arcmin field at 1.5 GHz
• New 650-km optical fibre networkconnects telescopes at 30 Gb/ s
• 2 GHz bandwidth high sensitivity: ~ 1 J y in 24h
• 217-km max. baseline40 mas resolution at 6 GHzsub-mas astrometry
• New correlator 32k spectral channels (full b/ w) 25 arcmin field at 1.5 GHz
Three aspects of proposedUK strategy
• eMERLIN – world-leading science now
• LOFAR – exceptional low-frequency pathfinder science soon
• Final goal – transformational science with the SKA