march 2005 theme group 3 space physics –four faculty –experimental/observational space physics...

March 2005Theme Group 3

Theme Group 3Theme Group 3

• Space Physics– Four faculty– Experimental/observational space physics

• Plasma Physics– Ten faculty– Theoretical and experimental efforts

• Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos– Six faculty (one on leave to ICTP – Trieste)– Theoretical and experimental efforts

• Biophysics– Two faculty (overlapping with statistical physics and NLD above)


Space PhysicsSpace Physics

• Faculty– George Gloeckler (Distinguished University Prof.)– Glenn Mason (Prof.)– Doug Hamilton (Prof.)– Eun-suk Seo (Asst. Prof.)

• Research scientists– Fred Ipavich (Senior Res. Sci.)– Mihir Desai (Assoc. Res. Sci.)– Matthew Hill (Asst. Res. Sci.)


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University of MarylandDept. of Physics

Space Physics GroupMissions

Mean

Su

nsp

ot

Nu

mb

er

Cycle 20/21 + 22 years

IMP-8

Voyager 1/2

ISEE-3/ICE

AMPTE

SAMPEX

Ulysses

Geotail

Wind

SOHO

ACE

Cassini

plotted: 8/12/03

at solar poles at solar poles

at Saturn

1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006

Year

Cycle 22

The University of Maryland Space Physics Group studies topics of space plasmaphysics by developing innovative instrumentation for satellites and deep space probes that determine ion elemental, isotopic, and charge state composition over a broad energy range from 10 eV to 100 MeV. Research interests include universal elemental and isotopic abundances, particle acceleration processes in nature, solar wind formation, origins of magnetospheric plasma, and propagation of energetic particles in the heliosphere. The Group currently has 14 instruments operating on 10 different spacecraft.


600 AU

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0 -200 AU -400 AU -600 AU 200 AU 0

Kinetic Energy (MeV)

Flu

x (1

/cm

2 -s

-sr-

Me

V)

Sun

Termination Shock

Heliosheath

• Voyager 1

Ave

ragi

ng In

terv

al:

11/9

/02-

12/3

1/02 700 keV - 600 MeV

T(K): 8 000 40 000 200 000 1 000 000

Zank & Müller 2003

U. Maryland Low Energy Particle Telescope (LEPT) first detects Voyager 1’s approach to the solar wind termination shock at 85 AU in 2002

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He+

O+

H+

He+

O+

new component

Model of the HeliosphereTemperature of the solar wind and interstellar plasma

Heliopause


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1 10 100

Aug. 18, 1999

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He+

O++

O+

He++

N+

High ChargeC,N,O

1 10 100

July 1, 2004

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He+

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O+ & water group

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O2

+

C+

1 10 100

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He++

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O++O

3+

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Jan. 10, 2001

mass per charge (amu/e)

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ss (

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u)

Earth Jupiter Saturn

U. Maryland Charge Energy Mass Spectrometer (CHEMS) on Cassini records “fingerprints” of ion composition at Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn


Space PhysicsSpace Physics

• Young scientists– One graduate student– Five undergraduates– One post-doc.

• Well funded• Issues

– Retirements (Mason and Gloeckler in 2005)– New hires


Plasma PhysicsPlasma Physics

• Faculty - Theory– Antonsen, Dorland (Assistant)– Drake, Hassam – Liu (on leave), Papadopoulos – Sagdeev (DUP)

• Faculty – Experiments– Derek Boyd, Richard Ellis (Assoc.)– Howard Milchberg, Adil Hassam

• Research scientists– Guzdar, Nusinovich, Shay (asst.), Sitnov (asst.)– Hans Griem, Alan DeSilva, Ray Elton


Theory and Simulation of Ultra-Intense Laser Pulses in Gas and Plasma T. Theory and Simulation of Ultra-Intense Laser Pulses in Gas and Plasma T. Antonsen & H. MilchbergAntonsen & H. Milchberg

Projects• relativistic self-focusing and

Raman instability in plasmas• coherent ionization scattering

instability• resonant heating of clusters• nonlinear optics if gasses of

exploding clusters• efficient simulation algorithmsApplications• plasma based particle accelerators• X-Ray sources

Simulation of Ionization Scattering Instabilty

Laser Pulse


The MARYLAND CENTRIFUGAL EXPERIMENT (MCX)The MARYLAND CENTRIFUGAL EXPERIMENT (MCX)An experiment to test a novel concept for magnetic fusionAn experiment to test a novel concept for magnetic fusion

Conventional:“bead” held to closed magnetic loop

Minimum requirements:• Supersonic Rotation

• No destructive instabilities

Innovation:bead held centrifugally to rotating,“shaped coat-hanger” magnetic line

Achievements to date:• Rotation at > Mach 3

• Steady operation for > 1000 instability growth times

Magnetic mirror, azimuthal rotation


Magnetic ReconnectionMagnetic Reconnection

• The annihilation of oppositely directed magnetic fields through magnetic reconnection is the dominant process for dissipation magnetic energy in laboratory plasma experiments and the universe as a whole.

– One of the key scientific topics in the field of plasma physics.

• Prof. Drake, Dr. Shay, colleagues and students at UMCP have played a lead role in the development of a new theoretical model of magnetic reconnection.

– The essence of this model has now been confirmed in measurements in laboratory experiments and satellites in the Earth’s magnetosphere.

• Signficant scientific questions such as how reconnection produces the large number of energetic particles observed in data remain to be answered.


Turbulence in Hot, Magnetized PlasmaTurbulence in Hot, Magnetized PlasmaGyrokinetics for astrophysics and magnetic confinement fusion researchGyrokinetics for astrophysics and magnetic confinement fusion research

Critical Contributions:• Turbulence-induced fluxes,

heating

• Fluctuation spectra for expt. tests

Principal Achievements:• Major theory support for several

laboratory expts, in US and internationally

• First predictions of particle and electron energy transport

• Only fully electromagnetic code for this kind of turbulence. Allows calculation of heating in hot accretion flows, where B0 is relatively weak.

Many astrophysical plasmas, like plasmas created in the laboratory in the magnetic confinement fusion program, are essentially collisionless. Nonlinearity, long mean-free-path physics, wave-particle resonances and non-trivial geometries are important elements of calculations.

Visualization from UM simulationof turbulence in Princeton’s NSTX expt.


Grad Students, PostDocs, VisitorsGrad Students, PostDocs, Visitors

• 16 Grad students, all supported

• 6 Undergrads

• 6 PhD’s in last 5 years

• 1 Postdoc

• 4 Visitors


FundingFunding

• Total Annual Funding: $2.52M

– DOE = 1.12M– NSF = 0.48M– ONR = 0.48M– NASA = 0.54M

– MURI = 9.8M


Current Research Focus of Theory GroupCurrent Research Focus of Theory Group- Areas of Leadership for Future- Areas of Leadership for Future

• Turbulence in Magnetized Plasmas and Transport– Fusion, Astrophysics, Solar Wind

• Reconnection and Rearrangement of Magnetic Fields and production of energetic particles– Fusion, Astrophysics, Solar-Terrestrial

• Innovations in Confinement for Fusion

MCX

FUSION SCIENCE CENTER, “Center for Multiscale Dynamics”, $1.4M collaboration with UCLA,


Plasma Theorists and ExperimentalistsPlasma Theorists and Experimentalistsare closely coupledare closely coupled

• MCX (Ellis) - Hassam

• LASER-PLASMA (Milchberg) - Antonsen

• TOKAMAKS (PPL, GA, MIT) - Dorland, Guzdar, Drake

• RECONNECTION EXPTS (several) - Drake


Project Personnel/FundingProject Personnel/Funding Intense Laser – Matter Interactions PI : MilchbergPhysics Dept Collaborators : AntonsenNSF, DOE, misc : ~600 K$/yr - 1 post doc, ~5 grad studentsMaryland Centrifugal ExperimentPIs : Ellis, Hassam Physics Dept Collaborators : Griem, DeSilva, EltonDOE : ~ 400 K$/yr - 2 post docs, 3 grad students Plasma SpectroscopyPI : Griem, EltonDOE, NSF : ~ 300 K$/yr – 1 post docStrongly Coupled Plasmas PIs : DeSilva, Griem NSF : ~ 130K$/yrElectron Measurements on DIII-D TokamakPI : EllisDOE/GA : ~ 30 K$/yr


SUMMARYSUMMARY

• Plasma Theory and Experiment at UM are integrally coupled

• There is unanimous agreement between theorists and experimentalists that Plasma Physics at UM would be greatly enhanced by the addition of a young experimentalist


Nonlinear Dynamics and ChaosNonlinear Dynamics and Chaos

• Faculty– Wolfgang Losert (Asst. Prof.)– Daniel Lathrop (Assoc. Prof.)– Rajarshi Roy (Prof.)– K.R. Sreenivasan (Dist. Univ. Prof – on leave to ICTP)– Ed Ott (Dist. Univ. Prof.)– James Yorke (Dist. Univ. Prof.)

• Research scientists– Parvez Guzdar (Senior Res. Sci.)– Istvan Szunyogh (Assoc. Res. Sci.)


Chaos and Nonlinear DynamicsChaos and Nonlinear Dynamics

Faculty (in Physics) 5+1 (theory and experiment)

Students >30

Intellectual Community on Campus - Physics (Condensed Matter Phyiscs, Plasma Physics,…) - Mathematics - Institute for Physical Science and Technology (IPST) - Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics (IREAP)

Collaborations with nearby laboratories NASA, NIST, NIH, NRL

National/International collaborations


Theoretical

S. J. Baek - Globally coupled chaotic systemsRomulus Breban - Phase synchronization, fractal

basin boundariesSomantika Datta - ChaosChris Danforth - Weather prediction, shadowingIan Frommer - Dynamics of network trafficAngela Grant - Chaotic dynamicsJ. T. Halbert - ChaosJohn Harlim - Weather predictionRyan Lance - Dynamics of network trafficSu Li - Chaotic billiardsMike Oczkowski - Weather predictionWill Ott - Dynamical systemsJonathan Ozik - Dynamics of granular mediaBrandy Rapatski - Modeling the AIDS epidemicJuan G. Restrepo - Branching networksSuzanne Sindi - GenomicsYue-Kin Tsang - Two dimensional turbulenceCevat Ustun - GenomicsXing "Henry" Zheng - Wave ChaosAleksey Zimin - Weather prediction, genomics

Experimental

Greg Bewley - Cryogenic TurbulencePeter Bradford - BiophysicsMatt Ferguson - BiophysicsKaveri Joshi - Sodium ConvectionBhaskar Khubchandani - Pulse propigation in optical fibersMin-Young Kim - Semiconductor laser dynamicsWing-Shun Lam - Semiconductor laser dynamicsDan Lanterman - Dynamo magentic field generationKyuyong Lee - Crystal growth patternsRyan McAllister - Synchronization of chaotic lasersMichael Newey - Dynamics of granular mediaElizabeth Rogers - Fiber laser dynamics, spatio-temporal chaosWoodrow Shew - Dynamo magnetic field generationDan Sisan - Dynamo magnetic field generationJustin Stambaugh - Dynamics of magnetized particle

ensemblesNicolas Taberlet - Dynamics of granular mediaMasahiro Toiya - Dynamics of granular mediaSantiago Triana - Dynamo magnetic field generationDan Zimmerman - Dynamo magnetic field generation

Students in Nonlinear Dynamics


Success StoriesSuccess Stories

• The term “Chaos” • Control of Chaos• Weather Prediction (new)

• #1 Ranking in Nonlinear Dynamics• Careers of past grad students from faculty jobs

to Wall Street


Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in PhysicsNonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in Physics

• Areas:– Fluid Dynamics (advection, turbulence, granular flow)– Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics – Quantum Chaos– Nonlinear Optics– Spatio-temporal Dynamics (Universality of spatial

patterns e.g. spirals, stripes)– Weather Prediction– Biophysics


Chaos and Nonlinear DynamicsChaos and Nonlinear Dynamics

Fluid Turbulence

Geometric Fractals

Biodynamics

Communication through Chaos

Dynamos


Controlling material micro and nanostructure with light

Eutectic Crystal Growth

Grain boundaries guided by light


Nonlinear Dynamics GeophysicsNonlinear Dynamics Geophysics


Nonlinear Dynamics and ChaosNonlinear Dynamics and Chaos

• Theory retirements likely• New theory hires could be at world-class level


BiophysicsBiophysics• Faculty (in Physics – joint w/ IPST)

– Michael Fisher (theory, molecular motors)– Wolfgang Losert (experiment, cell motility, nonlinear dynamics)– New hire 2005 (experiment, TBD)– New hire 2006 (experiment?)– Faculty in Chemistry (Thirumalai, Lorimer, Munoz, Beckett), Biology

(Columbini, Sukharev)• Post-Docs

– Erin Rericha (cell motility)– MEF Postdoc

• Graduate Students in Physics– 3 Students – experiment, 3 Students - joint w/ NIH– MEF students

• Undergraduates– 3 students and one high school student

• Biophysics Graduate Partnership Program with NIH • Funding: ONR, NSF, NIH


Dynamics of BiomaterialsDynamics of Biomaterials

• Aim: Analyze the dynamics of complex biological structures

• Analytical Tools: – Nonlinear dynamics (theory of pattern formation) – Far from equilibrium dynamics (fluctuation theorems)

• Experimental Techniques: – Two-photon confocal for 3D imaging and

perturbations of the interior of samples– Holographic laser tweezer array for the manipulation

of complex systems of biomaterials


Optical micromanipulation with holographic laser Optical micromanipulation with holographic laser tweezerstweezers

• Manipulation of cells with multiple holographic tweezers

Turning carbon nanotubes with optical vortices

1 2

3 4


Biophysics - Research ProgramBiophysics - Research Program

• Optical Biophysics Lab – studies of cell motility– Tools to image and micromanipulate mechanics and

biochemistry of moving cells: Holographic laser tweezers and two-photon confocal microscope.

• Honors/ Awards: – Student Research Achievement Awards at the Biophysical

Society Meeting 2004 and 2005.

• Future Directions– Graduate Biophysics Program in IPST– Undergraduate Biophysics Track in Physics– Graduate and undergraduate Biophysics Course (in Physics)

• Limiting Issues– Low Quality of space – no air/gas/distilled water lines, no shared

ice, -80oC freezers, autoclave… – No shared lab and sample preparation facilities / lab technician

march 2005 theme group 3 space physics –four faculty –experimental/observational space physics...

Documents

magnetic fields

magnetic fusionconventional

glenn mason prof

deep space probes

solar wind formation

doug hamilton prof

raman instability

chaossix faculty