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United States History EOC Review Test

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1. Most historians consider Alexander Hamilton to have been a successful Secretary of the Treasury because he A expanded trade with all nations B established a sound financial plan for the

new nation C eliminated tariffs between the states D opposed payment of previous federal

government debts 2. As Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton was most noted for A devising a plan to pay off the nation’s debts B beginning a system to tax exports C arranging necessary loans from European

nations D raising revenue from the sale of western

lands 3. One major reason that Alexander Hamilton proposed a national bank was to A improve the economic position of the United

States government B help state governments collect taxes C make loans available to owners of small

farms D reduce foreign investment in the United

States 4. One reason James Madison and Thomas Jefferson objected to Alexander Hamilton’s financial policies was that they believed A the establishment of a national bank was

unconstitutional B a laissez-faire policy would not help the

country’s economy C the government should encourage industrial

development D high tariffs were needed to protect

America’s economic interests

5. Which action during Washington’s administration led to the Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania? A passage of a new excise tax B establishment of a presidential cabinet C creation of the Bank of the United States D ban on slavery in the Northwest Territory 6. Conflicts between Jeffersonians and Hamiltonians during President George Washington’s first administration led directly to the A end of the Era of Good Feelings B decision to replace the Articles of

Confederation C addition of the elastic clause to the

Constitution D start of the first political parties 7. • Alien and Sedition Acts • Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions These pieces of legislation reflected the conflict between A Congress and the president B states’ rights and federal supremacy C the military and the civilian government D the United States Supreme Court and state

courts 8. The decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) expanded the power of the Supreme Court by A restricting the use of the elastic clause B establishing the power of judicial review C upholding the constitutionality of the

National Bank D interpreting the interstate commerce clause



9. How did Supreme Court decisions under Chief Justice John Marshall affect government in the United States? A Federal power increased at the expense of

the states. B Strict limits were placed on congressional

use of the elastic clause. C The impeachment of federal judges was

declared unconstitutional. D State powers under the 10th Amendment

were expanded. 10. On what grounds would strict constructionists of the United States Constitution have questioned the purchase of the Louisiana Territory? A It violated the guarantee of states’ rights. B The president was not specifically given the

power to purchase new land. C Congress was opposed to expansion west of

the Mississippi River. D The Constitution applied only to the original

thirteen states. 11. How did President George Washington react to the conflict between France and England in 1793? A He used the opportunity to begin the war for

American independence. B He declared the neutrality of the United

States. C He aided the French because they had

supported the American Revolution. D He negotiated a peace settlement between

the warring nations.

12. “’Tis [It is] our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world. . . .” — President George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 The United States was able to follow this advice from President Washington for several decades primarily because of A industrial and agricultural self-sufficiency B strong support from other Western

Hemisphere nations C geographic isolation from Europe D peaceful relations between the European

powers 13. The foreign policies of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and James Monroe were similar in that they each A supported wars against England B failed to acquire new territory C attempted to avoid involvement in European

affairs D aided the French in return for their help

during the Revolutionary War 14. Which is an example of the concept of Manifest Destiny in action? A the Missouri Compromise B the annexation of Mexican territory C the Transatlantic Slave Trade D the Compromise of 1850 15. During the first half of the 19th century, territorial expansion led to A increased tensions over slavery B improved relations with bordering nations C fewer conflicts with Native American

Indians D decreased domestic demand for

manufactured goods



16. In the mid-1800s, the growth of the populations of California and the western territories was mainly a result of the A discovery of gold and silver B opening of the Panama Canal C migration of freedmen after the Civil War D secession of the Southern states 17. As a result of President Andrew Jackson’s policies, Native American Indians were A relocated to reservations in Mexico B forcibly removed to areas west of the

Mississippi River C gradually allowed to return to their ancestral

lands D given United States citizenship 18. Why were James Fennimore Cooper’s novels The Last of the Mohicans and The Pathfinder considered the first “American” novels? A Cooper focused on themes of the frontier

that were prominent in American culture. B Cooper imitated the formal style of

European essays. C Cooper wrote on the current political themes

of abolition and temperance. D Cooper used European attitudes and values

to form his American themes. 19. Prior to 1850, what was a main reason the North developed an economy increasingly based on manufacturing while the South continued to rely on an economy based on agriculture? A Protective tariffs applied only to northern

seaports. B Geographic conditions supported different

types of economic activity. C Slavery in the North promoted rapid

economic growth. D Manufacturers failed to make a profit in the

South.

20. Which group’s numbers increased the most as a result of the Industrial Revolution? A skilled craftsmen B landed aristocracy C urban middle class D owners of small farms 21. Which statement describes a result of the Industrial Revolution in the United States? A Farm production decreased. B Slavery in the South increased. C The population of the cities decreased. D Immigration to the United States increased. 22. In an outline, which main topic would include the other three? A Erie Canal B 19th-Century Internal Improvements C Transcontinental Railroad D National Road 23. What economic change resulted from the transportation revolution before the Civil War? A The Northeast became better connected to

the western section of the country. B Trade between the United States and Europe

was sharply reduced. C The system of slavery on southern

plantations began to disappear. D The federal government began to regulate

new businesses. 24. The major purpose of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) was to A create a military alliance for the defense of

North America B guarantee democratic governments in Latin

America C secure new colonies in the Caribbean D limit European influence in the Western

Hemisphere



25. From 1820 to 1865, the debates over nullification, protective tariffs, and the spread of slavery into the new territories concerned the constitutional issue of the A balance of power between the federal and

state governments B balance between the rights of individuals

and the need to maintain order C protection of the rights of ethnic and racial

groups D separation of power between the executive

and legislative branches 26. President Andrew Jackson claimed that use of the spoils system increased democracy in the federal government because it A removed property-holding qualifications for

voting B limited the role of the Electoral College in

presidential elections C allowed larger numbers of citizens to hold

office D used nominating conventions to pick

political party candidates 27. The Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 proclaimed that A the abolition of slavery was necessary B all men and women are created equal C California should be admitted as a free state D the sale of alcoholic beverages should be

illegal Base your answer to question 28 on the information below and on your knowledge of social studies. To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives in Congress Assembled, We the undersigned, citizens of the United States, but deprived of some of the privileges and immunities of citizens among which, is the right to vote, beg leave to submit the following resolution: Resolved; that we the officers and members of the National Woman Suffrage Association, in convention assembled, respectfully ask Congress to enact appropriate legislation during its present session to protect

women citizens in the several states of this Union, in their right to vote.

— Susan B. Anthony, Matilda Joslyn Gage, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1873)

Source: National Archives and Records Administration 28. This resolution illustrates the constitutional right to A petition for redress of grievances B protection against unreasonable search and

seizure C a speedy and public trial D freedom of religion 29. During the 1840s, abolitionists opposed annexation of new western territory because they A feared the admission of new slave states B wanted to limit the power of the national

government C were concerned with the legal rights of

Native American Indians D supported an isolationist foreign policy “A house divided against itself cannot stand. . . . I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. . . .”

— Abraham Lincoln, 1858 30. The “divided house” referred to in this speech was caused primarily by A expansionism B war with Mexico C slavery D the suffrage movement 31. The Missouri Compromise (1820), and the Compromise of 1850 were both efforts to A end fighting between Midwestern farmers

and Native American Indians B encourage manufacturing in the West C increase the number of people who voted in

presidential elections D settle disputes over the spread of slavery to

the western territories



32. In the Kansas- Nebraska Act of 1854, popular sovereignty was proposed as a way to A allow northern states the power to ban

slavery B deny southern states the legal right to own

slaves C allow settlers in new territories to vote on

the issue of slavery D overturn previous Supreme Court decisions

on slavery Base your answer to question 33 on the poster below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Source: Library of Congress, The American Time Capsule:

Three Centuries of Broadsides and other Printed Ephemera 33. This poster from the 1850s appeared in response to the A passage of the fugitive slave law B start of the Civil War C issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation D enactment of the 13th Amendment

34. One way that “Bleeding Kansas,” the Dred Scott decision, and John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry had a similar effect on the United States was that these events A ended conflict over slavery in the territories B eased tensions between the North and the

South C contributed to the formation of the Whig

Party D made sectional compromise more difficult 35. “. . . Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!”

— Daniel Webster, 1830 The principle expressed in this statement was also reflected in A Thomas Jefferson’s call for nullification of

the Alien and Sedition Acts B Federalist Party threats during the War of

1812 C John Calhoun’s defense of States rights D Abraham Lincoln’s attitude toward Southern

secession 36. As the Civil War began, President Abraham Lincoln stated that his primary goal was to A end slavery B set new national boundaries C increase congressional powers D preserve the Union



Actions Taken by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War

I. Increased the size of the army without congressional authorization

II. Arrested and jailed anti-Unionists without giving a reason

III. Censored some anti-Union newspapers and had some editors and publishers arrested

37. Which statement is most clearly supported by these actions of President Lincoln? A Wartime emergencies led President Lincoln

to expand his presidential powers. B President Lincoln was impeached for

violating the Constitution. C Checks and balances effectively limited

President Lincoln’s actions. D President Lincoln wanted to abolish the Bill

of Rights. 38. The Civil War affected the northern economy by A causing a severe depression B increasing unemployment rates C decreasing demand for agricultural products D stimulating industrialization

Base your answers to questions 39 and 40 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

The “Strong” Government, 1869–1877

Source: J. A. Wales, Puck, May 12, 1880 (adapted)

39. What is the main idea of this cartoon from the Reconstruction Era? A Southern society was oppressed by Radical

Republican policies. B Military force was necessary to stop

Southern secession. C United States soldiers forced women in the

South to work in factories. D Sharecropping was an economic burden for

women after the Civil War.



40. Which congressional action led to the Southern viewpoint expressed in this cartoon? A passage of the Homestead Act B strengthening of the Fugitive Slave Laws C military occupation of the former

Confederate States D ending the Freedmen’s Bureau 41. Which statement best explains why Reconstruction ended? A Reconstruction policies were no longer

needed when the Southern states rejoined the Union.

B African Americans prospered financially. C Reconstruction was intended to be a short-

term event that would end in 10 years. D Enforcement of Reconstruction Acts

decreased because of political compromise. 42. What effect did the system of sharecropping have on the South after the Civil War? A It kept formerly enslaved persons

economically dependent. B It brought investment capital to the South. C It encouraged Northerners to migrate south. D It provided for a fairer distribution of farm

profits. 43. Following the Civil War, many Southern states enacted Black Codes to A provide free farmland for African

Americans B guarantee equal civil rights for African

Americans C restrict the rights of formerly enslaved

persons D support the creation of the Freedmen’s

Bureau

44. What was a major result of the Civil War? A States now had the right to secede from the

Union. B Congress passed an amendment to provide

for the direct election of senators. C The power of the central government was

strengthened. D The judiciary became the dominant branch

of the federal government. 45. Constitutional amendments adopted during Reconstruction were intended to A provide legal and political rights for African

Americans B end property and religious qualifications for

voting C correct problems with the Electoral College

system D limit the number of terms of the president 46. The institution of slavery was formally abolished in the United States by the A Compromise of 1850 B Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 C creation of the Freedmen’s Bureau in 1865 D ratification of the 13th amendment in 1865 47. In the mid-1800s, the growth of the populations of California and the western territories was mainly a result of the A discovery of gold and silver B opening of the Panama Canal C migration of freedmen after the Civil War D secession of the Southern states 48. The Homestead Act of 1862 helped the development of the West by A providing free land to settlers B granting land for construction of

transcontinental railroads C allowing slavery to spread to the territories D placing Native American Indians on

reservations



49. In the late 19th century, the federal government aided the growth of transcontinental railroads by A legalizing rate rebates for large shippers B providing free land for laying railroad tracks C requiring standard-gauge tracks on all

interstate lines D forcing small lines to consolidate into large

systems 50. In an effort to resolve conflicts with the frontier settlers in the 1870s, the federal government forced Native American Indians to A move west of the Mississippi River B live on reservations with definite boundaries C relocate to urban industrial centers D help build the transcontinental railroad 51. Passage of the Dawes Act of 1887 affected Native American Indians by A supporting their cultural traditions B attempting to assimilate them into

mainstream American culture C forcing their removal from areas east of the

Mississippi River D starting a series of Indian wars on the Great

Plains 52. What was a major effect of the Agricultural Revolution in the United States during the late 1800s? A Unemployed factory workers could find jobs

in agriculture. B Food supplies were increased to feed urban

dwellers. C The size of farms decreased. D United States farm exports decreased.

53. The changes in American agriculture during the late 1800s led farmers to A grow fewer cash crops for export B request an end to agricultural tariffs C demand a reduced role for government in

agriculture D become more dependent on banks and

railroads 54. A goal of the Granger and Populist movements was to A expand rights for African Americans B help western farmers fight unjust economic

practices C provide support for the banking industry D enable big business to expand without

government interference 55. In the late 1800s, the Granger movement tried to improve conditions for farmers by A lowering the rate of inflation B strengthening the gold standard C forcing railroads to lower their rates D making labor unions stronger 56. The success of the Populist Party of the 1890s can best be measured by which development? A The party replaced one of the two major

parties. B The party gained support among business

leaders. C Two of the party’s candidates were elected

to the presidency. D Several of the party’s proposed reforms

were made into laws. 57. During the late 1800s, many farmers supported the idea that free and unlimited coinage of silver would A end farm subsidies B help farmers to repay their loans C lead to lower prices for consumer goods D decrease prices for farmland



Base your answer to question 58 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Source: Mark Sullivan, Our Times, Vol. 1, The Turn of the Century (adapted) 58. This cartoon from the 1896 presidential election campaign attacked William Jennings Bryan’s proposal for A free coinage of silver B lower tariffs on farm goods C strengthening the gold standard D government regulation of the railroads 59. What major trend related to population occurred during the industrialization boom of the late 1800s? A Immigration decreased. B Suburbanization decreased. C Urbanization increased. D Migration to rural areas increased.

60. In the last half of the 1800s, which development led to the other three? A expansion of the middle class B growth of industrialization C formation of trusts D creation of labor unions 61. Which major population shift in the late 1800s occurred as a result of industrialization? A northerners to the Sun Belt B rural residents to urban areas C working class people from the cities to the

suburbs D African Americans from the North to the

South 62. Why did the United States follow a policy of open immigration during much of the 1800s? A Many United States citizens wanted to live

abroad. B The United States had a shortage of labor. C Prosperous conditions in Europe resulted in

fewer immigrants coming to the United States.

D Immigrants provided United States industry with investment capital.

63. The “new immigrants” to the United States between 1890 and 1915 came primarily from A southern and eastern Europe B northern and western Europe C East Asia D Latin America 64. Which action by the federal government during the late 1800s is an example of nativism? (5.01) A passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act B creation of tribal reservations in the East C grants of financial aid to western farmers D support for the construction of

transcontinental Railroads



65. The growth of big business in the late 1800s resulted in A a reduction in child labor B the elimination of the middle class C the widening of the economic gap between

rich and poor D a shift in transportation investment from

railroads to canals 66. During the late 1800s, business leaders formed trusts mainly to A reduce prices B eliminate competition C improve worker productivity D establish overseas factories Base your answer to questions 67 and 68 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

67. Which economic concept is best illustrated by the cartoon? A supply and demand B mercantilism C monopoly D trade 68. What is the main idea of this cartoon? A The Standard Oil Company was a harmful

monopoly. B The best way to develop major industries

was to form proprietorships. B Government regulations were strangling the

Standard Oil Company. D Foreign competition in the oil industry was

hurting American companies. Base your answers to questions 69 and 70 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. “. . . This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of Wealth: First, to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after doing so to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community— . . .” — Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” North American Review, June 1889 69. According to this passage, the responsibility of the wealthy is to A invest in future industry to increase wealth B share their excess wealth with the

community C maintain a lifestyle consistent with their

wealth D influence government to assist all people



70. Andrew Carnegie carried out the ideas expressed in this statement by A funding numerous libraries and educational

institutions B serving many years in the federal

government C investing his fortune in several new

industries D promoting programs to benefit the wealthy 71. Business leaders John D. Rockefeller, J. P. Morgan, and Cornelius Vanderbilt were referred to as robber barons primarily because they A bought titles of nobility from foreign

governments B were ruthless in dealing with competitors C stole money from state and local

governments D gained all of their wealth by illegal means 72. During the late 1800s, the defenders of Social Darwinism would most likely have supported A labor unions B progressive income taxes C laissez-faire capitalism D environmental conservation 73. What was the main benefit that labor unions of the late 19th century gained for their members? A job security B improved wages and hours C paid vacations D health insurance

74. During the late 1800s, what was the main reason labor unions had difficulty achieving gains for workers? A Communists had taken control of the major

unions. B The government supported business efforts

to limit the powers of unions. C Most unions had been organized by big

business. D Most workers were satisfied with working

conditions. Base your answers to questions 75 and 76 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

75. What is the main idea of this cartoon from the 1800s? A Labor is gaining power over big business. B Most Americans support the labor

movement. C Business has advantages over labor. D Government should support the expansion

of railroads. 76. The American Federation of Labor responded to the situation shown in the cartoon by A organizing skilled workers into unions B encouraging open immigration C forming worker-owned businesses D creating a single union of workers and

farmers



77. In the late 19th century, the major argument used by labor union leaders against immigrants was that immigrants A took jobs from United States citizens B contributed little to enrich American life C placed financial drains on social services D refused to assimilate into American culture 78. Mark Twain labeled the late 1800s in the United States the “Gilded Age” to describe the A end of the practice of slavery B absence of international conflicts C extremes of wealth and poverty D achievements of the labor movement 79. In the late 1800s, supporters of laissez-faire capitalism claimed that government regulation of business would be A essential to protect the rights of consumers B necessary to provide jobs for the

unemployed C useful in competing with foreign nations D harmful to economic growth 80. In the 19th century, protective tariffs, subsidies for railroads, and open immigration showed that the federal government followed a policy of A support for economic development B noninterference in the free-market system C regulation of unfair business practices D support for organized labor 81. In the late 19th century, Congress tried to limit the power of monopolies by A creating the Federal Trade Commission B strengthening the Supreme Court C adopting Granger laws D passing the Sherman Antitrust Act

82. Which reform idea was a common goal of the Populists and the Progressives? A restoration of the nation’s cities B expansion of opportunities for immigrants C improvement in the status of African

Americans D greater control of government by the people 83. The success of the Populist Party of the 1890s can best be measured by which development? A The party replaced one of the two major

parties. B The party gained support among business

leaders. C Two of the party’s candidates were elected

to the presidency. D Several of the party’s proposed reforms

were made into laws. 84. Between the 1890s and the start of World War I, the United States expanded its access to overseas markets and raw materials through the policy of A containment B imperialism C isolationism D neutrality Base your answers to questions 85 and 86 on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies. “. . . Whether they will or no, Americans must now begin to look outward. The growing production of the country demands it. An increasing volume of public sentiment demands it. . . .” — Alfred T. Mahan, The Atlantic Monthly, December 1890 85. This statement encouraged popular support among Americans for A isolationism B protectionism C neutrality D imperialism



86. Supporters of Mahan’s ideas most likely favored a foreign policy that would A limit the military arms race B acquire foreign markets C abandon the Monroe Doctrine D establish an international peace organization 87. During the 1890s, Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst used yellow journalism to generate public support for the A election of Populist Party candidates B presidential candidacy of William McKinley C goals of workers in the Pullman strike D Spanish-American War 88. An important result of the Spanish-American War of 1898 was that the United States A acquired territories in Africa B became a world power with an overseas

empire C improved its relations with Germany D lost interest in Latin American affairs 89. Which United States policy is most closely associated with the annexation of Hawaii and the Philippines? A neutrality B isolationism C imperialism D international cooperation 90. Why was there increased interest in building a canal across Central America in the late 1800s? A The United States had acquired colonies in

the Pacific region. B Tariffs on Chinese and Japanese products

had ended. C The main source of immigration had shifted

from northern Europe to southern Europe. D Transcontinental railroads had not yet been

completed.

91. By proclaiming the Open Door policy in 1899, the United States was attempting to A keep Japan from attacking and colonizing

China B increase trade between Russia and the

United States C ensure equal trading opportunities in China D prevent European countries from colonizing

the Western Hemisphere 92. A goal of President Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick policy and President William Howard Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy policy toward Latin America was to A join Western Hemisphere nations in a

military alliance B protect American economic and political

interests C encourage foreign nations to establish

colonies D raise Latin America’s standard of living 93. Which heading best completes the partial outline below? (6.03) I. ____________________________________ -Sea power is the key to national greatness. -United States missionaries spread Christian principles. -The Anglo-Saxon civilization is the best in the world. -Sugar plantations in Hawaii were developed by Americans. A Reasons to Declare War on Spain B Justification for American Imperialism C Theodore Roosevelt’s Political Platform D Yellow Journalism in Newspapers



Base your answer to question 94 on the chart below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Rural and Urban Populations in the United States

Year Rural Urban 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

25,226,803 28,656,010 36,059,474 40,873,501 45,997,336 50,164,495 51,768,255

6,216,518 9,902,361 14,129,735 22,106,265 30,214,832 42,064,001 54,253,282

94. Which generalization about population growth is supported by the information in this chart? A For every census listed, rural population

exceeded urban population. B By 1920, more people lived in cities than in

rural areas. C The Civil War significantly slowed the rate

of population growth. D Most urban population growth was due to

people migrating from rural areas. 95. What was a result of the growth of big business in the late 1800s? A a reduction in child labor B the elimination of the middle class C the widening of the economic gap between

rich and poor D a shift in transportation investment from

railroads to canals 96. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, where did most of the immigrants to the United States settle? A urban centers of the Northeast B plantations of the New South C mining areas of the Far West D farming regions of the Great Plains

Base your answers to question 97 on the cartoon below and your knowledge of social studies.

“One sees his finish unless good government retakes the ship.” – George Luks, The Verdict, June 5, 1899 (adapted)

97. What is the main idea of the cartoon? A Government policies have created a

recession. B Americans support the activities of the

trusts. C Good government has saved the country

from trusts. D Trusts are a threat to the nation. 98. Between 1880 and 1900, why did most immigrants coming to the United States settle in the cities along the east coast? A many factory jobs were available in the East B little farmland remained to be settled in the

Midwest C most immigrants came from the cities of

Europe D city laws afforded special rights and

protections for immigrants 99. In 1906, what did the publication of The Jungle, written by Upton Sinclair, lead Congress to do? A enact stronger prohibition laws B support the national conservation movement C establish a system for meat inspection D legalize strikes and boycotts by labor unions



100. The photographs of Jacob Riis are most closely associated with the A battlefields of the Civil War B living conditions of the urban poor C plight of sharecroppers in the South D victims of the Dust Bowl on the Great Plains 101. During the Progressive Era, why did muckrakers publish articles and novels? A to advance their own political careers B to make Americans aware of problems in

society C to help the federal government become more

efficient D to provide entertainment for readers 102. What did the tragedy of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire of 1911 draw national attention to the need to do? A restrict immigration from southern Europe B establish full-time fire departments C protect the safety of workers D improve conditions for tenement dwellers 103. How did muckrakers contribute to the rise of Progressivism in the early years of the 20th century? A challenging big government and urging a

return to past conditions B exposing widespread corruption in business

and government C writing favorable biographies about wealthy

Americans D aligning themselves with the women’s

suffrage movement 104. What was a goal of the Progressive movement? A reduce the government’s involvement in

social issues B correct the problems caused by

industrialization C promote laissez-faire policies D promote settlement of land west of the

Mississippi River

105. During the Progressive Era, Jane Addams responded to urban conditions by working to establish A settlement houses that provided assistance to

the poor B newspapers that helped inform American

about slum conditions C laws that restricted certain immigrant groups D free public schools located in inner-city

neighborhoods 106. What was a goal of Progressive Era reforms such as the initiative, referendum, and recall? A increase the power of citizens in state and

local government B reestablish the system of checks and

balances C provide low-interest loans to farmers D expand voting rights to Native Americans 107. Which president was known as a trustbuster? A George Washington B Calvin Coolidge C Theodore Roosevelt D Dwight Eisenhower



Base your answer to question 108 on the table below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Progressive Era Legislation Date Legislation Purpose

1905 United States Forest Service established

Manage the nation’s water and timber resources

1906 Meat Inspection Act

Regulate meat processing to ensure clean conditions

1906 Pure Food and Drug Act

Outlaw dishonest labeling of food and drugs

1913 Department of Labor established

Promote the interests of working people

108. What was the common purpose of these legislative acts? A protect the nation’s natural resources B improve conditions for recent immigrants to

the United States C advance the growth of big business D promote the general welfare of the American

public 109. Why was the Federal Reserve System created? A to maintain a national petroleum supply B to provide military support for the armed

forces C protect consumers from fraud D manage the nation’s supply of currency and

interest rates 110. The Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act were passed in an effort to A promote the formation of new trusts B maintain competition in business C increase business investment D limit the activities of foreign corporation

111. To improve distribution of money and guarantee an adequate money supply, what did President Woodrow Wilson ask Congress to do? A eliminate the gold standard B limit foreign investment C provide insurance for bank deposits D establish the Federal Reserve System 112. In 1920, how did women gain the right to vote? A presidential order B Supreme Court decision C national election D constitutional amendment 113. “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. . . .” -15th Amendment, Section 1, United States Constitution, 1870 Which actions did Southern States take to keep African Americans from exercising the rights guaranteed in this amendment? A suspending habeas corpus and denying

women the right to vote B collecting poll taxes and requiring literacy

tests C establishing religious and property-holding

requirements for voting D passing Black Codes and establishing

segregated schools 114. In the South, the passage of Jim Crow laws in the 1870s and 1880s led directly to the A racial integration of public schools B decline of the Democratic Party C organization of the Ku Klux Klan D segregation of public facilities



115. How did the Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) have a major impact on the lives of African Americans? A segregation was legal in educational

institutions B voting was a right guaranteed by the

Constitution C separate but equal public facilities were

legal D military occupation of the South was

unconstitutional Base your answer to question 23 on the poem below and your knowledge of social studies

One Way Ticket I am fed up With Jim Crow laws, People who are cruel and afraid, Who lynch and run, who are scared of me And me of them. I pick up my life And take it away on a one-way ticket Gone Up North Gone Out West Gone! -Langston Hughes, 1926 116. Why does the author state that he has “Gone”? A jobs were available in northern industries B there was no racial prejudice in the West C farmland was more available in the North D racial discrimination drove him away 117. Which leader founded a vocational training institution in the late 1800s to improve economic opportunities for African Americans? A George Washington Carver B Frederick Douglass C W. E. B. Du Bois D Booker T. Washington

118. What was one idea that both Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois supported? A African Americans should have increased

civil rights B vocational training was the best approach to

education C immigration was responsible for racial

segregation D Jim Crow laws were needed to help African

Americans 119. In the early 20th century, which policy for the advancement of African American was favored by W. E. B. Du Bois and the newly formed National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)? A mass migration to northern cities B immediate action to end segregation and win

equal rights C establishment of a new republic in Africa for

freedmen D emphasis on economic advancement over

social equality 120. In which area did the views of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois differ most? A the need to stop violence against African

Americans B the speed with which full equality of the

races should be achieved C the need to integrate the armed forces D the idea of including white Americans in

their political organizations 121. A significant contribution to the

industrialization of the United States was Henry Ford’s development of

A the assembly line B electric-powered vehicles C the first holding company D a new process for making steel



122. Henry Ford produced a more affordable car primarily because his company A paid workers lower wages than its

competitors paid B used foreign-made parts C developed a less expensive method of

production D offered a variety of options to buyers 123. Improved mass-production techniques affected the American economy of the 1920s by A reducing prices of consumer goods B lowering the quality of most products C causing higher unemployment D decreasing the quantity of manufactured

products 124. At the beginning of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson followed a traditional United States foreign policy by A refusing to permit trade with either side in

the conflict B sending troops to Great Britain C declaring American neutrality D requesting an immediate declaration of war

against the aggressors 125. In the years before the United States entered World War I, President Woodrow Wilson violated his position of strict neutrality by A secretly sending troops to fight for the

democratic nations B openly encouraging Mexico to send troops

to support the Allies C supporting economic policies that favored

the Allied nations D using United States warships to attack

German submarines

126. During his reelection campaign in 1916, President Woodrow Wilson used the slogan, “He kept us out of war.” In April of 1917, Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany. What helped bring about this change? A Bolshevik forces increased their strength in

Germany and Italy B Britain was invaded by nations of the

Central Powers. C Russia signed a treaty of alliance with the

Central Powers. D Germany resumed unrestricted submarine

warfare. 127. A major reason the United States entered World War I was to A gain additional colonial possessions B react to the bombing of Pearl Harbor C safeguard freedom of the seas for United

States ships D honor prewar commitments to its military

allies 128. President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points were proposed during World War I primarily to A define postwar objectives for the United

States B outline military strategies for the United

States C convince other democratic nations to join

the United Nations D strengthen the United States policy of

isolationism 129. One goal for a lasting peace that President Woodrow Wilson included in his Fourteen Points was A establishing a League of Nations B maintaining a permanent military force in

Europe C returning the United States to a policy of

isolationism D blaming Germany for causing World War I



130. Following World War I, the United States Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles primarily because the treaty A failed to include most of President Wilson’s

Fourteen Points B did not punish Germany for starting the war C contained provisions that might lead the

United States into foreign conflicts D made no provision for reduction of military

weapons 131. The change in the nation’s attitude toward membership in the League of Nations and membership in the United Nations shows the contrast between A neutrality and containment B appeasement and internationalism C isolationism and involvement D interventionism and detente 132. During World War I, many American women helped gain support for the suffrage movement by A protesting against the war B joining the military service C lobbying for child-care facilities D working in wartime industries 133. The “clear and present danger” doctrine stated by the Supreme Court in the case of Schenck v. United States (1919) had an important impact on the Bill of Rights because it A limited the powers of the president B placed limits on freedom of speech C clarified standards for a fair trial D expanded the rights of persons accused of

crimes

Base your answer to question 134 on the graph below and on your knowledge of social studies.

134. Data from this graph support the conclusion that World War I A caused the United States trade deficit to

increase B cost the United States many billions of

dollars C was a significant benefit to the American

economy D created an unfavorable balance of trade 135. The Palmer raids following World War I were caused by fear of A new military weapons B foreign invasion of the United States C communist influence in the United States D economic depression



136. The treaty signed at the Washington Conference (1921-1922) was an effort to A limit the spread of military dictatorships B maintain peace through international

agreements C form new military alliances after World War

I D bring democratic government to Eastern

Europe 137. The trial of Sacco and Vanzetti in the 1920s was accompanied by A nativists fears of foreign influence in the

United States B concern that the United States would sink

into a depression C public reactions against organized crime D a grassroots movement to gain equal rights

for minorities 138. Which factor contributed most to the growth of nativist’s attitudes in the United States in the years immediately following World War I? A the establishment of national Prohibition B a decline of organized religions C the increase in the number of settlement

houses D the large numbers of immigrants from

southern and eastern Europe 139. What was a principle reason for rapid economic growth in the United States during the 1920s? A prosperity of American agriculture B increase of American imports C development of many new consumer goods D increased spending on defense

140. Improved mass-production techniques affected the American economy of the 1920s by A reducing prices of consumer goods B lowering the quality of most products C causing higher unemployment D decreasing the quantity manufactured

products 141. Which situation helped cause the stock market crash of 1929? A excessive speculation and buying on margin B unwillingness of people to invest in new

industries C increased government spending D too much government regulation of business 142. Which economic trend of the 1920s helped cause the Great Depression? A rising cost of mass-produced goods B increasing income tax rates C falling tariff rates D widening income gap between the rich and

the poor



Base your answer to question 143 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

143. What was the most likely cause of the election results shown on the map? A Most voters blamed President Herbert

Hoover for the Great Depression. B It is difficult to defeat an incumbent

president. C Franklin D. Roosevelt had more business

experience than Herbert Hoover. D Republican Party popularity had been

declining for several elections. 144. Which group of Americans generally failed to experience the economic prosperity of the 1920s? A farmers B retailers C consumers D manufacturers

145. Which statement most accurately describes conditions of American farmers during the economic boom of the mid-1920s? A Shortages of fertile land and farm equipment

lowered farm income. B Overproduction helped keep farmers from

participating in the prosperity of the times. C Subsidies and other government programs

dramatically increased farmers’ incomes. D Higher prices for farm products resulted in a

higher standard of living for farmers. 146. What were two basic causes of the Dust Bowl during the early 1930s? A strip mining and toxic waste dumping B overfarming and severe drought C clear-cutting of forests and construction of

railroads D overproduction and urban sprawl 147. Which conditions are most characteristic of an economic depression? A high unemployment and overproduction B large business investments and low taxes C too much money in circulation and high

stock prices D high employment and increased real estate

investments 148. During the Great Depression, expressions such as Hoovervilles and Hoover blankets showed that President Hoover A was seen as a role model B used the military to aid the unemployed C was blamed for the suffering of the poor D supported relief and public housing for the

needy 149. In the 1920’s, both Langston Hughes and Duke Ellington made major contributions to A economic growth B educational reform C the creative arts D political leadership



150. The Harlem Renaissance was important to American society because it A highlighted the cultural achievements of

African Americans B isolated African Americans from

mainstream society C provided new political opportunities for

African Americans D brought an end to racial segregation in the

North 151. Which generalization can best be drawn from the experiment with national Prohibition (1919–1933)? A Social attitudes can make laws difficult to

enforce. B Americans resent higher taxes. C Morality can be legislated successfully. D People will sacrifice willingly for the

common good. 152. What was a major result of Prohibition in the United States during the 1920s? A restriction of immigration B growth of communism C destruction of family values D increase in organized crime 153. The changing image of women during the 1920s was symbolized by the A passage of an equal pay act B drafting of women into the army C popularity of the flappers and their style of

dress D appointment of several women to President

Calvin Coolidge’s cabinet 154. The Scopes Trial of 1925 is an example of A the effects of assimilation on American

culture B a clash between scientific ideas and religious

beliefs C an increase in violence in American society D government intervention in racial conflicts

155. During the 1920s, controversies concerning the Scopes trial, national Prohibition, and the behavior of “flappers” were all signs of disagreements over A the return to normalcy B traditional values and changing lifestyles C causes of the Great Depression D the benefits of new technology 156. Which statement about Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal program is most accurate? A Protective tariff rates increased. B Social welfare programs were expanded. C Government regulation of business was

reduced. D Government support of environmental

conservation ended. 157. The New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt changed the United States economy by A restoring the principal of a balanced budget B expanding the trustbusting practices of

Progressive Era presidents C encouraging greater production of

agricultural goods D increasing government involvement with

both business and labor 158. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), established during the New Deal, were important because they A increased the supply of money in circulation B guaranteed loans to failing businesses and

banks C attempted to restore public confidence in

financial institutions D provided grants to unemployed workers



159. New Deal programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) were primarily intended to help A farmers B homeowners C businesses D unemployed workers 160. The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) of 1935 strengthened labor unions because it legalized A collective bargaining B blacklisting C the open shop D the sit-down strike 161. The strongest opposition to President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal programs came from A western farmers B business leaders C factory workers D recent immigrants 162. The Supreme Court declared some New Deal laws unconstitutional because these laws A overextended the power of the federal

government B forced the federal government into heavy

debt C ignored the rights of minority groups and

women D failed to solve the problems for which they

were intended 163. Congress refused to enact President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s court-packing plan because the plan A threatened to upset the constitutional system

of checks and balances B entrusted too much power to the judicial

branch C called for an increase in income taxes D required passage of a constitutional

amendment

164. At the beginning of World War II, national debate focused on whether the United States should continue the policy of A coexistence B containment C imperialism D isolationism 165. “Arms Sales to Warring Nations Banned” “Loans to Nations at War Forbidden” “War Materials Sold Only on Cash-and-Carry Basis” These headlines from the 1930s reflect the efforts of the United States to A maintain freedom of the seas B send military supplies to the League of

Nations C limit the spread of international communism D avoid participation in European wars 166. Between 1934 and 1937, Congress passed a series of neutrality acts that were designed primarily to A strengthen the nation’s military defenses B provide aid to other democratic nations C create jobs for unemployed American

workers D avoid mistakes that had led to American

involvement in World War I 167. Why was the United States called the “arsenal of democracy” in 1940? A The leaders in the democratic nations of

Europe were educated in the United States. B Most of the battles to defend worldwide

democracy took place on American soil. C The United States supervised elections in

European nations before the war. D The United States provided much of the

weaponry needed to fight the Axis powers.



168. • Cash and Carry (1937) • Destroyers for Naval Bases Deal (1940) • Lend-Lease Act (1941) Which change in United States foreign policy is demonstrated by the passage of these acts prior to World War II? A a shift from neutrality toward more direct

involvement B an effort to become more neutral C a movement from isolationism to

containment of communism D a desire to provide aid to both Allied and

Axis powers 169. Which statement most accurately describes the foreign policy change made by the United States between the start of World War II (1939) and the attack on Pearl Harbor (1941)? A The traditional isolationism of the United

States was strengthened. B The nation shifted from neutrality to military

support for the Allies. C War was declared on Germany but not on

Japan. D Financial aid was offered to both the Allied

and Axis powers. 170. Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to A work on the development of an atomic bomb B increase economic production to meet

wartime demands C defend New York City against a nuclear

attack D recruit men for the military services

Base your answer to question 171 on the poster below and on your knowledge of social studies.

171. During World War II, this poster was used primarily to A contain the spread of communism B create jobs for the unemployed C gain financial support for the war D convince women to fill vacant factory jobs 172. A controversial issue that resulted from World War II was the A future role of the League of Nations B morality of nuclear warfare C commitment of troops without congressional

approval D civilian control of the military 173. Convictions of war criminals by courts at Tokyo and Nuremberg following World War II showed that A government officials and military leaders

could be held accountable for their actions B the United Nations accepted responsibility

for international peacekeeping C the League of Nations could successfully

enforce international law D nations that start wars would be forced to

rebuild war-torn nations



174. During World War II, the federal government used rationing to A hold down prices of military weapons B increase educational benefits for veterans C increase imports of scarce products D provide more resources for the military 175. During World War II, many women experienced a change in role in that they A served in military combat positions B worked in jobs formerly held by men C controlled most corporations D chaired several congressional committees 176. In the 1944 case Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that wartime conditions justified the A use of women in military combat B ban against strikes by workers C limitations placed on civil liberties D reduction in the powers of the president 177. Which factor contributed to the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II? A labor shortage during the war B influence of racial prejudice C increase of terrorist activities on the West

Coast D fear of loss of jobs to Japanese workers 178. To help pay for World War II, the United States government relied heavily on the A money borrowed from foreign governments B sale of war bonds C sale of United States manufactured goods to

neutral nations D printing of additional paper money

179. What was the main purpose of the GI Bill passed by Congress shortly before the end of World War II? A to offer low-interest loans to the defense

industry B to provide economic aid to veterans C to contain the spread of international

communism D to expand career opportunities in the

military 180. The baby boom primarily resulted from the A economic prosperity of the 1920s B Great Depression of the 1930s C delay in marriages during World War II D counterculture movement of the 1960s 181. The experiences of African Americans serving in the military forces during World War II influenced their postwar decision to A renew support for the principle of separate

but equal B join the armed forces in record numbers C increase efforts to end racial discrimination D move back to the rural south 182. What was one result of World War II? A The arms race ended. B The Cold War ended. C Communism was eliminated. D Two superpowers emerged.



183. “Soviets Create Iron Curtain in Eastern Europe” “Mao Zedong Leads Successful Revolution in China” “North Korean Invasion of South Korea Leads to War” Which development is reflected in these headlines? A the post–World War II expansion of

communism B the beginning of détente between the Soviet

Union and the United States C the return to an isolationist foreign policy D the beginning of pro-democracy movements

during the Cold War 184. During the Cold War era, the United States and the Soviet Union were hesitant to become involved in direct military conflict mainly because of A the threat of China to both nations B pressure from nonaligned nations C the potential for global nuclear destruction D mutual dependence on Middle East

petroleum 185. The primary goal of the United States foreign policy of containment was to A return to noninvolvement in world affairs B stop communist influence from spreading C gain territories in Africa and Latin America D overthrow existing dictatorships 186. Which foreign policy decision by President Harry Truman is an example of the policy of containment? A relieving General MacArthur of his Korean

command B recognizing the new nation of Israel C supporting the trials of war criminals in

Germany and Japan D providing military aid to Greece and Turkey

187. The main foreign policy objective of the Marshall Plan (1948–1952) was to A stop communist aggression in Korea B fight poverty in Latin America C rebuild the economies of European nations D provide jobs for unemployed Americans Base your answer to question 188 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

188. The United States carried out the idea expressed in this late 1940s cartoon by A forming a military alliance with Russia B airlifting supplies to West Berlin C accepting Russian authority over West

Berlin D agreeing to turn over control of Berlin to the

United Nations 189. What was a major outcome of the Korean War (1950–1953)? A Korea continued to be a divided nation. B North Korea became an ally of the United

States. C South Korea became a communist nation. D Control of Korea was turned over to the

United Nations.



190. In the 1950s, the domino theory was used by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to justify A sending federal troops into Little Rock,

Arkansas B United States involvement in Vietnam C joining the United Nations D opposing Britain and France in the Suez

Canal crisis 191. In 1957, the Eisenhower Doctrine expanded the principles of the Truman Doctrine by extending Middle East military assistance in order to A offset communist influence in the region B combat anti-American terrorist threats C force the Organization of Petroleum

Exporting Countries (OPEC) to end its oil embargo

D defend Israel against Arab invasions 192. “. . . Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. . . .” — President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, 1961 This statement by President Kennedy suggests a continued commitment to the foreign policy of A isolationism B appeasement C containment D imperialism 193. President John F. Kennedy supported the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba as an effort to A remove a communist dictator from power B stop the flow of illegal drugs to the United

States C support Fidel Castro’s efforts for reform D rescue hostages held by Cuban freedom

fighters

194. The Cuban missile crisis (1962) influenced President John F. Kennedy’s decision to A negotiate the limited Nuclear Test Ban

Treaty with the Soviet Union B reduce the nation’s commitment to the North

Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) C forbid Americans to trade with and travel to

Latin America D send Peace Corps volunteers to aid

developing countries Base your answer to question 195 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Eventually, Why Not Now?

195. What is the main idea of this 1945 cartoon? A The world community needs to stop the

spread of nuclear weapons. B Korea’s development of atomic bombs has

threatened world peace. C The Treaty of Versailles was successful in

preventing World War II. D Germany should be criticized for using

atomic bombs.



196. “The Parties to this Treaty reaffirm their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all governments. “They are determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilization of their peoples, founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law. . . .” — Preamble to the North Atlantic Treaty, 1949 This statement shows the commitment of the United States to the principle of A colonialism B neutrality C militarism D collective security 197. McCarthyism in the early 1950s resulted from A new commitments to civil rights for African

Americans B opposition to the Marshall Plan C charges that Communists had infiltrated the

United States government D increase public support for labor unions Base your answer to question 198 on the photograph below and on your knowledge of social studies.

198. The protestors in the photograph are expressing their hatred for A fascists B communists C immigrants D police officers 199. During the early 1950s, the tactics of Senator Joseph McCarthy were criticized because he A violated important constitutional liberties B displayed racial prejudice in his questions C opposed the use of loyalty oaths D ignored evidence of Soviet spying Base your answer to question 4 on the photograph below and on your knowledge of social studies.

200. What does this photograph indicate about the United States in the 1950s? A Extraordinary steps were taken to hide atomic weapons. B The nation had become the only nuclear

superpower. C Much fear was created by the Cold War. D Only government officials would be safe in

a nuclear attack.



201. President Richard Nixon supported the policy of détente as a way to A reduce tensions between the United States

and the Soviet Union B introduce democratic elections to communist

nations C encourage satellite nations to break their ties

with the Soviet Union D undermine Soviet influence among

nonaligned countries in Africa and Asia 202. “I think it will be a safer world and a better world if we have a strong, healthy United States, Europe, Soviet Union, China, Japan, each balancing the other, not playing one against the other, an even balance.” — Richard Nixon, 1972 President Nixon put this idea into practice by A expanding economic relations with

communist nations B abandoning his policy of détente C declaring an end to the Korean War D ending collective security agreements 203. The experiences of African Americans serving in the military forces during World War II influenced their postwar decision to A renew support for the principle of separate

but equal B join the armed forces in record numbers C increase efforts to end racial discrimination D move back to the rural south 204. In 1948, President Harry Truman showed his support for civil rights by issuing an executive order to A end the immigration quota system B assure equal status for women in military

service C ban racial segregation in the military D guarantee jobs for Native American Indians

205. “We conclude that in the field of public education, the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. . . .” — Chief Justice Earl Warren, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka This quotation illustrates the Supreme Court’s power to A uphold previous decisions B overrule state laws C check the powers of the executive branch D provide for educational funding 206. In 1957, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to A protect civil rights marchers B help African Americans register to vote C enforce a Supreme Court decision to

desegregate public schools D end race riots resulting from a bus boycott 207. Which strategy did African-American students use when they refused to leave a “whites only” lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960? A economic boycott B hunger strike C petition drive D civil disobedience 208. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed in an effort to correct A racial and gender discrimination B limitations on freedom of speech C unfair immigration quotas D segregation in the armed forces



209. During the civil rights movement of the 1960s, activities of the Congress of Racial Equality, the National Urban League, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) illustrated that A all civil rights groups use the same tactics B different approaches can be used to achieve

a common goal C organizational differences usually lead to

failure D violence is the best tool for achieving social

change Base your answer to question 14 on excerpts from the song lyrics below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Lyric: . . . Father, father We don’t need to escalate You see, war is not the answer For only love can conquer hate You know we’ve got to find a way To bring some lovin’ here today. . . — “What’s Going On,” Al Cleveland, Marvin Gaye, Renaldo Benson, 1971

210. Which conclusion is most clearly supported by an examination of these song lyrics? A In the 1960s and early 1970s, Americans

shared common views on foreign policy. B Social conflict existed over war and civil

rights in the 1960s and early 1970s. C The music of the 1960s and early 1970s

supported government policies. D Most songwriters of the 1960s and early

1970s used their music to advocate violent revolution.

211. The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan was an influential book in the 1960s because it A helped strengthen family values B led directly to the defeat of the Equal Rights

Amendment C energized a new women’s rights movement D reinforced the importance of women’s

traditional roles

212. One similarity between the actions of Samuel Gompers and Cesar Chavez is that both leaders A organized workers for better conditions B relied on the use of force to gain minority

rights C advocated federal regulation of railroad rates D worked to improve consumer product safety 213. Rachel Carson and Ralph Nader are similar to the muckrakers of the Progressive Era because they have A advocated a total change in the structure of

government B attempted to expose societal problems C failed to influence public opinion D supported anti-American activities 214. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair and Unsafe at Any Speed by Ralph Nader were both intended to A publicize the growing violence in American

society B suggest that a poor person could get rich

with hard work C encourage immigration reform D make the public aware of the poor quality of

certain products 215. United States involvement in the Vietnam War was based in part on a desire to A prevent renewed Japanese expansionism in

the Pacific B assure access to an adequate supply of oil

from the Middle East C contain communism in Southeast Asia D protect American business interests in China 216. In the 1950s, the domino theory was used by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to justify A sending federal troops into Little Rock,

Arkansas B United States involvement in Vietnam C joining the United Nations D opposing Britain and France in the Suez

Canal crisis



217. “I believe that our young people [18–20 years old] possess a great social conscience, are perplexed by the injustices which exist in the world and are anxious to rectify [correct] these ills.” — Senator Jennings Randolph, 1971, The New York Times Those who favor this point of view would likely have supported A a constitutional amendment extending

voting rights B a presidential decision to raise speed limits C a Supreme Court ruling to reverse

desegregation D a law passed by Congress to increase Social

Security benefits 218. The war in Vietnam led Congress to pass the War Powers Act of 1973 in order to A affirm United States support for the United

Nations B strengthen the policy of détente C increase United States participation in

international peacekeeping operations D assert the role of Congress in the

commitment of troops overseas


“Wonder why we’re not keeping pace?”

219. Which event of the 1950s most likely led to the publication of this cartoon? A Russia put cosmonauts on the Moon. B The Soviet Union launched the Sputnik

satellite. C The United States was defeated in the

Vietnam War. D American students scored low on tests in

math and science. 220. The immediate impact of the 1957 launch of Sputnik I was that it A forced the United States to find new sources

of fuel B focused attention on the need to regulate the

uses of outer space C heightened the space race as a form of Cold

War competition D ended the period of peaceful coexistence

between the United States and the Soviet Union



221. “. . . We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too. . . .” — President John F. Kennedy, speech at Rice University, September 12, 1962 The main purpose of this speech was to win public support for A establishing a missile defense system on the

Moon B cooperating with communist countries in

exploring space C surpassing the Soviet Union in the space

race D controlling the spread of nuclear weapons 222. “. . . My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. . . .” — John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, 1961 To implement the idea expressed in this statement, President Kennedy supported the A creation of the Marshall Plan B formation of the Peace Corps C removal of United States troops from Korea D establishment of the South East Asia Treaty

Organization 223. A major goal of President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society program was to A control economic inflation B end poverty in the United States C repeal several New Deal social programs D return responsibility for welfare programs to

the states

224. In 1965, Congress established Medicare to A provide health care to the elderly B assist foreign nations with their health

problems C grant scholarships to medical students D establish universal health care 225. Which statement best describes an impact of the Watergate scandal on American society? A The modern environmental movement

began. B Public trust in government declined. C Voter turnout in elections increased. D An economic recession ended. 226. The Supreme Court decisions in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) and United States v. Nixon (1974) reinforced the principle that the president of the United States A has unlimited use of the veto power B is protected from unfair media criticism C may not be convicted of a crime D is not above the law 227. The beginning of the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe is most closely associated with the A fall of the Berlin Wall B admission of Warsaw Pact nations to the

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) C intervention of the North Atlantic Treaty

Organization (NATO) in Yugoslavia D formation of the European Union



Base your answer to question 228 on the chart below and on your knowledge of social studies.

228. The changes shown on the chart most clearly reflect the A effects of the Cold War B influence of the business cycle C failure of United States military policy D reverses in political party control of

Congress 229. In 1991, one of the reasons President George H. W. Bush committed United States troops to the Persian Gulf War was to A maintain the flow of trade through the Suez

Canal B fulfill military obligations as a member of

the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

C contain the spread of communism in the Middle East

D assure the flow of Middle East oil to the United States and its allies

230. “Clinton Offers Economic Aid to Russia” “U.S. Sends Peacekeeping Troops to Bosnia” “U.S. Airlifts Food and Medicine to Somalia” These headlines illustrate that United States foreign policy during the 1990s stressed A containment B collective security C global involvement D neutrality 231. • Operation Desert Storm (1991) • Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003 – present) These events involve attempts by the United States to A protect human rights in Europe B protect its interests in the Middle East C deliver humanitarian aid to Africa D contain the spread of communism in Asia 232. A major goal of the women’s movement over the past twenty years has been to gain A full property rights B the right to vote C equal economic opportunity D better access to Social Security



Base your answers to questions 7 and 8 on the table below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Participation in High School Sports School Year Boys Girls

1971-72 3,666,917 294,015 2003-04 4,038,253 2,865,299

233. The data included in the table suggest that since 1971 A boys are losing interest in participating in

sports B participation in sports by boys and girls is

nearly equal C girls’ participation in sports equals that of

boys D girls’ participation in sports is increasing at

a faster rate than that of boys 234. Which development contributed most to the changes shown in the table? A passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 B inclusion of Title IX in the Education

Amendments of 1972 C the beginning of Head Start programs in the

1960s D increase in the number of nonpublic schools

since the 1970s 235. The Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade (1973) was based on the constitutional principle of A protection of property rights B freedom of speech C right to privacy D freedom of religion

236. “Influence of Political Action Committees Continues to Rise” “Republicans and Democrats Spend over $100 Million in 2000 Presidential Election” “Senate Passes Campaign Finance Reform Act” What is the central issue of these headlines? A Republicans and Democrats spend equal

amounts of money. B American citizens pay high taxes to support

presidential campaigns. C Money has a strong impact on the American

political process. D Candidates spend much of their own money

on political campaigns. 237. The federal government enforced the antitrust laws in court cases against Microsoft in an effort to A increase business competition B nationalize important industries C improve public trust in corporate leaders D generate more investment capital



Base your answer to question 238 on the table below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Federal Debt, 1970-1988 (billions of dollars)

Year Debt 1970 $380.9 1975 $541.9 1980 $909.0 1982 $1,137.3 1984 $1,564.6 1986 $2,120.5 1988 $2,601.1 1990 $3,206.3 1992 $4,001.8 1994 $4,643.3 1996 $5,181.5 1998 $5,478.2

238. Which practice of the federal government has contributed most to the situation shown in the table? A taking steps to reduce growth of the gross

domestic product B raising taxes to try to reduce inflation C spending more money than is received in

revenues D lowering taxes during election years 239. “. . . Our decision about energy will test the character of the American people and the ability of the President and the Congress to govern. This difficult effort will be the ‘moral equivalent of war’ – except that we will be uniting our efforts to build and not to destroy. . .” – President Jimmy Carter, Address to the Nation, April 18, 1977 President Carter put these ideas into practice by A halting construction of nuclear power plants B increasing imports of foreign oil C urging the development of alternative fuel

sources D imposing a price freeze on all petroleum

products

240. A major policy of President Ronald Reagan’s administration was to A reduce defense spending B lower federal income tax rates C end desegregation of public facilities D promote regulation of small businesses 241. President Bill Clinton supported the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) primarily as a way to A normalize trade relations with Cuba B stimulate economic growth in the United

States C restrict the flow of drugs into the United

States D increase the United States trade deficit Base your answer to question 242 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Teamwork

242. What is the main idea of this cartoon? A The global economy is on the verge of

collapse. B Rich nations should help poor nations

improve their economic conditions. C One nation’s economic problems affect

many other nations. D Each nation controls its own economic

destiny.



243. Since 1980, most new jobs in the United States have been in A education B heavy industry C service industries D civil service 245. The loss of jobs in manufacturing industries has been caused by the introduction of A radio and television B automobiles and airplanes C automation and computers D improved medicine and space travel Base your answer to question 246 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

246. The cartoonist is critical of computers mainly because A important personal records are frequently

lost B personal information may no longer be

private C computers are becoming more difficult to

use D computer technology becomes obsolete too

quickly

247. Social scientists use the expression “the graying of America” to describe the A aging of the nation’s population B declining political power of older Americans C possible failure of the Social Security

System D increasing number of babies born to older

couples 248. A major goal of the Republican Party since the 1980s has been to A increase welfare benefits B increase the size of the federal workforce C reduce defense spending D cut federal taxes Base your answer to question 22 on the graph below and on your knowledge of social studies.

249. Information provided by the graph shows that between 1988 and 1993, there was an increased need for candidates of major political parties to win the support of A ethnic minorities B senior citizens C independent voters D the labor vote




250. The point of view expressed in this cartoon is that A President and Mrs. Clinton have made

Chicago their new home B President Clinton supports adoption over

abortion C Republican issues should not be part of the

Democratic National Convention D Democrats sometimes support traditionally

Republican issues 251. Which statement about the impeachment trials of both President Andrew Johnson and President Bill Clinton is most accurate? A The House of Representatives failed to vote

for articles of impeachment. B Only President Johnson was convicted and

removed from office. C Only President Clinton was convicted and

removed from office. D The Senate failed to convict either president.


252. This cartoon from the disputed presidential election of 2000 suggests that the winner might A lack strong popular support for his programs B easily win reelection in 2004 C succeed in fulfilling his campaign promises D be unable to claim victory in the electoral

college 253. The main goal of affirmative action programs is to A enforce racial segregation laws B secure equal voting rights for African

Americans C provide affordable child care D promote economic gains for minorities and

women




254. According to the cartoonist, the United States has A an ethnically diverse population B an overly restrictive immigration policy C a national requirement that high school

students learn foreign languages D a census report printed in languages that are

spoken in the United States 255. During the 1990s, an increase in Mexican immigration to the United States was caused by the immigrants’ desire for A greater political freedom B bilingual education C better economic opportunities D religious freedom


256. What Native American Indian viewpoint does the cartoonist support? A Illegal immigrants should not be allowed to

settle on Native American Indian reservations.

B European settlers took Native American Indian land.

C Government efforts to restrict immigration should be supported.

D Native American Indians support government efforts to stop illegal immigration.




257. Which issue is the central focus of this cartoon

drawn after September 11, 2001? A Is there a need to give up some civil liberties

to protect the nation? B Should the United States reduce oil imports

from the Middle East? C Does the United States need fewer limits on

immigration? D Should the United States abandon the

Constitution?

marbury madison - mrs. nelson united states...

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