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U.S.Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
MAPS SHOWING GEOLOGY, OIL AND GAS FIELDS, AND GEOLOGIC PROVINCES OF THE SOUTH AMERICA REGION.
Compiled by Christopher J. Schenk, Roland J. Viger, and Christopher P. Anderson
This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Surveyeditorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Any use of trade names is for descriptive puposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.
Portions of this database covering the coastline and country boundaries contain intellectual property of Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), and are used herein with permission. End users are permitted to use these data for their own internal use, including any derivative work, but are prohibited from using and distributing these data individually or in a derivative work to third parties.
OPEN-FILE REPORT 97-470D
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-470D
MAPS SHOWING GEOLOGY, OIL AND GAS FIELDS, ANDGEOLOGIC PROVINCES OF THE SOUTH AMERICAREGION
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
Primary References
Geologic Provinces of South America Region
MAP SHOWING GEOLOLGY, OIL AND GAS FIELDS, GEOLOGICPROVINCES OF SOUTH AMERICA
MAP SHOWING OIL AND GAS FIELDS AND GEOLOGICPROVINCES OF SOUTH AMERICA
PREFACE
This is one of a series of products resulting from the World Energy Projectof the U.S. Geological Survey. Inquiries about this CD-ROM or the Project'seffort in the South America Region should be addressed to:
Christopher J. Schenk (Coordinator, South America region) U.S. Geological Survey MS 939 Box 25046 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225
Tel: 303-236-5796 Email: [email protected]
Inquiries about the U.S. Geological Survey's World Energy Project shouldbe addressed to:
Thomas S. Ahlbrandt (Coordinator, World Energy Project) U.S. Geological Survey Box 25046 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225
Tel: 303-236-5776 Email: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
This digitally compiled map includes geology, geologic provinces, and oiland gas fields of South America. The map is part of a worldwide series onCD-ROM by World Energy Project released of the U.S. Geological Survey .The goal of the project is to assess the undiscovered, technically recoverableoil and gas resources of the world and report these results by the year 2000.For data management purposes the world is divided into eight energyregions corresponding approximately to the economic regions of the worldas defined by the U.S. Department of State. South America (Region 6)includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, FalklandIslands, French Guiana, Guyuna, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles,Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
Each region is then further divided into geologic provinces on the basis ofnatural geologic entities and may include a dominant structural element or anumber of contiguous elements. Some provinces contain multiplegenetically related basins.
Geologic province boundaries for the South America are delineated usingdata from a number of geologic maps, and other tectonic and geographicdata (see References). Offshore province boundaries are defined by the 4000meter bathymetric contour. Each province is assigned a unique number; thefirst digit is the region number. It is attempted to number the provinces ingeographical groups; onshore, offshore, and combined on and offshore. Thelist of the provinces sorted by Code is shown in Adobe Acrobat samgeo.pdffile (see section V below).
Oil and gas field data from Petroconsultants International Data Corporationworldwide oil and gas field database are allocated to these provinces. Thegeologic provinces are being further subdivided into petroleum systems andassessment units in order to appraise the undiscovered petroleum potential ofselected provinces of the world.
Specific details of the data sources and map compilation are given in themetadata file on this CD-ROM. Smaller stratigraphic subdivisions ofPhanerozoic rock are combined to simplify the map and to maintainconsistency with other maps of the series. Precambrian rocks are undivided.Oil and gas field markers represent field centerpoints published withpermission from Petroconsultants International Data Corp.,1996 database.
This map is compiled using Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.(ESRI) ARC/INFO software. Political boundaries and cartographicrepresentations on this map were taken, with permission, from ESRI'sArcWorld 1:3M digital coverages, have no political significance, and aredisplayed as general reference only.
Portions of this database covering the coastline and country boundariescontain intellectual property of Environmental Systems Research Institute,Inc. (ESRI), and are used herein with permission. Copyright 1992 and 1996,Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
1
REFERENCES
Audemard, F., and Lugo, J., 1997, Petroleum geology of Venezuela: AmericanAssociation of Petroleum Geologists, Short Course Notes, Dallas, Texas, April 5-6, 1997,chapter paginated.
Bigarella, J.J., 1973, Geology of the Amazonas and Parnaiba Basin, in Nairn, A.E.M.,and Stehli, F.G., eds., The ocean basins and margins; the south Atlantic: Plenum Press,New York, v. 1, p. 25-86.
Cainelli, C., and Mohriak, W.U., 1998, Geology of Atlantic eastern Brazilian basins ;Brazilian Geology, Part 2: 1998 AAPG International Conference and Exhibition ShortCourse, November 12-13, 1998, Rio de Janiero, Brazil, unpaginated.
Committee on the World Geologic Map, 1964, Geologic map of South America: Rio deJaniero, Brazil, 2 sheets, 1:5000000 scale.
Jordan, T.E., and Allmendinger, R.W., 1986, The Sierras Pampaneas of Argentina: amodern analogue of Rocky Mountain foreland deformation: American Journal ofScience, v. 286, p. 737-764.
Kingston, J., 1994, Undiscovered petroleum resources of South America: U.S. GeologicalSurvey Open-File Report 94-559, 443 p.
McGettigan, C.K., and Hunt, D.G., 1996, Columbia continues to yield major oil, gasdiscoveries: Oil and Gas Journal, July 15, 1996, p. 40-45.
Mordojovich, C., 1981, Sedimentary basins of the Chilean Pacific offshore, in EnergyResources of the Pacific Region: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Studiesin Geology, v. 12, p. 732-749.
Ojeda, H.A.O., 1982, Structural framework, stratigraphy, and evolution of Brazilianmarginal basins: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 66, no. 6, p.732-749.
Tankard, A.J., R. Suarez, S., and Welsink, H.J., eds., Petroleum basins of South America:American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 62, p. 63-77.
Travis, R.B., Gonzales, G., and Pardo, A., 1975, Hydrocarbon potential of coastal basinsof Peru: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 25, p. 331-338.
Urien, C.M., and Zambrano, J.J., 1973, The geology of the basins of the Argentinecontinental margin and Malvinas Plateau, in Nairn, A.E.M., and Stehli, F.G., eds., Theocean basins and margins; the south Atlantic: Plenum Press, New York, v. 1, p. 135-169.
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Urien, C.M., Zambrano, J.J., and Yrigoyen, M.R., 1995, Petroleum basins of southernSouth America: a review, in Tankard, A.J., R. Suarez, S., and Welsink, H.J., eds.,Petroleum basins of South America: American Association of Petroleum GeologistsMemoir 62, p. 63-77.
Yrigoyen, M.R., 1991, Energy resources map of the Circum-Pacific region ; southeastquadrant: U.S. Geological Survey Circum-Pacific Map Series, Map CP-39, 2 sheets,1:10000000 scale.
6001 oceanic basins around South America6002 Guyana Shield6003 Brazilian Shield6004 Brazilian Shield6005 Brazilian Shield6006 Andean Province6007 Familina Province6008 Canadon Asfalto Province6009 Deseado-Falklands Province6010 Tacutu Basin6011 Solimoes Basin6012 Amazonas Basin6013 Sucunduri Province6014 Parecis Province6015 Xingu Province6016 Parnaiba Basin6017 Sao Francisco Basin6018 Diamantina Province6019 Araripe Province6020 Parana Basin6021 Guyana-Suriname Basin6022 Foz de Amazonas Basin6023 Santana Platform6024 San Luis Basin6025 Barreieinas Basin6026 Caera Basin6027 Potigar Basin6028 Pernambuco Basin6029 Sergipe-Alagoas Basin6030 Jatoba Basin6031 Tucano Basin6032 Reconcavo Basin6033 Bahia Sul Basin6034 Espirito Santo Basin6035 Campos Basin6036 Santos Basin6037 Pelotas Basin6038 Santiago Basin6039 Huallaga Basin6040 Ucayali Basin6041 Putamayo-Orient-Maranon Basin6042 Acre Basin6043 Madre dos Dios Basin6044 Beni Basin6045 Santa Cruz-Tarija Basin6046 Oran-Olmedo Basin
6047 Chaco Basin6048 Bolsones Basin6049 Bermejo Basin6050 Mascasin Basin6051 Cuyo Basin6052 Mercedes Basin6053 Laboulaye-Macachin Basin6054 Salado Basin6055 Neuquen Basin6056 Nirihuau Basin6057 Colorado Basin6058 San Jorge Basin6059 Magellanes Basin6060 North Malvinas Basin6061 East Patagonia Basin6062 Malvinas Plateau6063 Malvinas Basin6064 Burdwood Bank- North Scotia Ridge6065 Altiplano Basin6066 Moquegua-Tamaruga Basin6067 Salar de Atacama Basin6068 Curico Basin6069 Temuco Basin6070 Osorno-Llanquihue Basin6071 Diego Ramirez Basin6072 Madre de Dios Basin6073 Penas Basin6074 Central Chile Forearc Basin6075 Mollendo-Tarapaca Basin6076 Pisco Basin6077 Lima Basin6078 Salaverry Basin6079 Trujillo Basin6080 Sachura Basin6081 Talara Basin6082 Lancones Basin6083 Progreso Basin6084 Manabi Basin6085 Borbon Basin6086 Cuaca Basin6087 Choco-Pacific Basin6088 Pacific Offshore Basin6089 Upper Magdelena Basin6090 Middle Magdelena Basin6091 Lower Magdelena Basin6092 Eastern Cordillera Basin
6093 Perija-Venezuelan Coastal Ranges6094 Cesar Basin6095 Guajira Basin6096 Llanos Basin6097 Barinas-Apure Basin6098 East Venezuela Basin6099 Maracaibo Basin6100 Falcon Basin6101 Bonaire Basin6102 Cariaco Basin6103 Tobago Trough6104 South Caribbean Deformed Belt6105 Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta6106 West-Central Cordillera6107 Lesser Antilles Deformed Belt
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The digital geologic map and geologic province map of the continent of South Americawere produced for the World Energy Project of the U.S. Geological Survey. The purposeof this project is to provide a quantitative assessment of undiscovered recoverableresources of oil and gas in priority geologic provinces throughout the world. Forthis project the world was subdivided into eight regions that generally correspond tothe U.S. Department of State economic regions, and the international market regionsdefined by the U.S. Department of Energy. South America and Central America areincluded in Region 6 of the World Energy Project (Klett and others, 1997).
The purpose of this geologic map was to provide a simple base map upon which we definedthe boundaries of geologic provinces of South America rather than to provide a detailedgeologic map of the continent. The geology shown on this map is significantly generalizedfrom the source map at the scale of 1:5,000,000 (Committee on the World Geologic Map,1964), although all the original geologic boundaries from the source map are included here.Using the geologic units and many other sources of data, the entire continent wassubdivided into geologic provinces (Bigarella, 1973; Urien and Zambrano,1973; Travisand others, 1975; Mordojovich, 1981; Ojeda, 1982; Jordan and Allmendinger, 1986; Yrigoven,1991; Kingston, 1994; McGettigan and Hunt,1996; Audemard and Lugo, 1997). The offshoreboundary of the provinces differs depending upon the location. The offshore boundaryof provinces along the northern and western, tectonically active margins was placed atan isobath of 2000m, whereas the offshore boundary of provinces along the eastern, passivemargin was placed at approximately the 3800m isobath. A total of 106 geologic provinceswere defined in South America. Names most of the provinces reflect common usage in theliterature. The provinces are being further subdivided into petroleum systems andassessment units that form the basis for the resource assessment.
Oil and gas data were digitally allocated to the geologic provinces, and these provinceswere then ranked according to known oil and gas resources to provide a prioritization forthe resource assessment. The oil and gas data were obtained from Petroconsultants (1996),and the oil and gas field centerpoints are used on this map with permission ofPetroconsultants International Data Corporation.
Political boundaries shown on this map were taken, with permission, from the ESRI ArcWorld1:3 million scale digital world coverage and are displayed for general reference only.
This map is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. GeologicalSurvey editorial standards or with the International Stratigraphic Code.
Asmus, H.E., and Ponte, C.F., 1973, The Brazilian marginal basins, in Nairn, A.E.M., and Stehli, F.G., eds., The Ocean Basins and Margins, v. 1, The South Atlantic: Plenum Press, New York, p. 87−133.
Audemard, F., and Lugo, J., 1997, Petroleum geology of Venezuela: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Short Course Notes, Dallas, Texas, unpaginated.
Bigarella, J.J., 1973, Geology of the Amazonas and Parnaiba basins, in Nairn, A.E.M., and Stehli, F.G., eds., The Ocean Basins and Margins, v. 1, The South Atlantic: Plenum Press, New York, p. 25−86.
Committee on the World Geologic Map, 1964, Geologic Map of South America: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2 sheets, 1:5,000,000 scale.
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 1992, ArcWorld 1:3 million digital database, ESRI, Redlands, California.
Jordan, T.E., and Allmendinger, R.W., 1986, The Sierras Pampaneas of Argentina; a modern analoque of Rocky Mountain foreland deformation: American Journal of Science, v. 286, p. 737−764.
Kingston, J., 1994, Undiscovered petroleum of southern South America: U.S. Geological Survey Open−File Report 94−559, 443 p.
Klett, T.R., Ahlbrandt, T.S. Schmoker, J.W., and Dolton, G.L., 1997, Ranking of the world’s oil and gas provinces by known petroleum volumes: U.S. Geological Survey Open−File Report 97−463, one CD−ROM.
McGettigan, C.K., and Hunt, D.G., 1996, Columbia continues to yield major oil, gas discoveries: Oil and Gas Journal, July 15, 1996, p. 40−45.
Mordojovich, C., 1981, Sedimentary basins of the Chilean Pacific offshore, in Energy Resources of the Pacific Region: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geology, v. 12, p. 63−68.
Ojeda, H.A.O., 1982, Structural framework, stratigraphy, and evolution of Brazilian marginal basins: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 66, no. 6, p. 732−749.
Petroconsultants, 1996, Petroconsultants Worldwide Oil and Gas Field Database 1996: Petroconsultants International Data Corporation, Geneva, Switzerland.
Travis, R.B., Gonzales, G., and Pardo, A., 1975, Hydrocarbon potential of coastal basins of Peru: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir No. 25, p. 331−338.
Urien, C.M., and Zambrano, J.J., 1973, The geology of the basins of the Argentine continental margin and Malvinas Plateau, in Nairn, A.E.M., and Stehli, F.G., eds., The Ocean Basins and Margins, v. 1, The South Atlantic: Plenum Press, New York, p. 135−169.
Yrigoven, M.R., 1991, Energy resources map of the Circum−Pacific region; southeast quadrant: U.S. Geological Survey Circum−Pacific Map Series, Map CP−39, 2 sheets, 1:10,000,000 scale.
MAP UNITS
Sedimentary Rocks
Q Quaternary
T Tertiary
KT Cretaceous−Tertiary
K Cretaceous
JK Jurassic−Cretaceous
J Jurassic
TrJ Triassic−Jurassic
Tr Triassic
MZ Mesozoic
PZMZ Paleozoic−Mesozoic
P Permian
CP Carboniferous−Permian
C Carboniferous
D Devonian
S Silurian
OS Ordovician−Silurian
CmO Cambrian−Ordovician
Cm Cambrian
AD Precambrian−Devonian
PZ Paleozoic
APZ Precambrian−Paleozoic
Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks
Qv Quaternary volcanics
Cv Cretaceous−Tertiary volcanics
Mv Mesozoic volcanics
Pv Permian volcanics
PZv Paleozoic volcanics
MCi Mesozoic−Cenozoic intrusives
PMi Paleozoic−Mesozoic intrusives
PZi Paleozoic intrusives
Km Cretaceous−Mesozoic metamorphics
Mm Mesozoic metamorphics
PZm Paleozoic metamorphics
pC Precambrian undifferentiated
Other Units
H2O Water
ICE Glacial Ice
U Unmapped Area
EXPLANATION
Oil and gas fields
Province boundaries
Country boundaries
Geologic contacts
6000 Province number
Bipolar Oblique ProjectionUnits: MetersFalse Easting: 0, False Northing: 0
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
OPEN−FILE REPORT97−470D
This digital geologic province map of the continent of South America was produced forthe World Energy Project of the U.S. Geological Survey. The purpose of this projectis to provide a quantitative assessement of the undiscovered recoverable oil and gasresources in priority provinces of the world. For this project the world was subdividedinto eight regions that generally correspond to the economic regions defined by the U.S.Department of State and to the international market regions recognized by the U.S.Department of Energy. South and Central America are included in Region 6 for the WorldEnergy Project (Klett and others, 1997).
The purpose of this map is to illustrate the geologic provinces of South America and thedistribution of oil and gas fields. Using the geologic units and many other sources ofdata, the entire continent was subdivided into geologic provinces (Committee on the WorldGeologic Map, 1964; Bigarella, 1973; Urien and Zambrano,1973; Travis and others, 1975;Mordojovich, 1981; Ojeda, 1982; Jordan and Allmendinger, 1986; Yrigoven, 1991; Kingston,1994; McGettigan and Hunt, 1996; Audemard and Lugo, 1997). The offshore boundary of theprovinces differs depending upon the location. The offshore boundary of provinces alongthe northern and western tectonically active margins was placed at an isobath of 2000 m,whereas the offshore boundary of provinces along the eastern passive margin was placed atapproximately the 3800 m isobath. A total of 106 geologic provinces were defined in SouthAmerica. Names for most of the provinces reflect common usage in the literature. Theprovinces are being further subdivided into petroleum systems and assessment units thatform the basis for the resource assessment.
Oil and gas data were digitally allocated to the geologic provinces, and these provinceswere then ranked according to known oil and gas resources to provide a prioritization forthe resource assessment (Klett and others, 1997). For this assessment the priority provincesin South America are Campos Basin, Neuquen Basin, San Jorge Basin, Magellenes Basin,Santa Cruz−Tarija, Putamayo−Orient−Maranon, Llanos Basin, Magdelena Basins, MaracaiboBasin, East Venezeula Basin, and the Tobago Trough.
The oil and gas data were obtained from Petroconsultants (1996), and the oil and gas fieldcenterpoints are used on this map with permission of Petroconsultants International DataCorporation.
Political boundaries shown on this map were taken, with permission, from the ESRI ArcWorld1:3 million scale digital world coverage and are displayed for general reference only.
This map is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. GeologicalSurvey editorial standards or with the International Stratigraphic Code.
Asmus, H.E., and Ponte, C.F., 1973, The Brazilian marginal basins, in Nairn, A.E.M., and Stehli, F.G., eds., The Ocean Basins and Margins, v. 1, The South Atlantic: Plenum Press, New York, p. 87−133.
Audemard, F., and Lugo, J., 1997, Petroleum geology of Venezuela: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Short Course Notes, Dallas, Texas, unpaginated.
Bigarella, J.J., 1973, Geology of the Amazonas and Parnaiba basins, in Nairn, A.E.M., and Stehli, F.G., eds., The Ocean Basins and Margins, v. 1, The South Atlantic: Plenum Press, New York, p. 25−86.
Committee on the World Geologic Map, 1964, Geologic Map of South America: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2 sheets, 1:5,000,000 scale.
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 1992, ArcWorld 1:3 million digital database, ESRI, Redlands, California.
Jordan, T.E., and Allmendinger, R.W., 1986, The Sierras Pampaneas of Argentina; a modern analoque of Rocky Mountain foreland deformation: American Journal of Science, v. 286, p. 737−764.
Kingston, J., 1994, Undiscovered petroleum of southern South America: U.S. Geological Survey Open−File Report 94−559, 443 p.
Klett, T.R., Ahlbrandt, T.S. Schmoker, J.W., and Dolton, G.L., 1997, Ranking of the world’s oil and gas provinces by known petroleum volumes: U.S. Geological Survey Open−File Report 97−463, one CD−ROM.
McGettigan, C.K., and Hunt, D.G., 1996, Columbia continues to yield major oil, gas discoveries: Oil and Gas Journal, July 15, 1996, p. 40−45.
Mordojovich, C., 1981, Sedimentary basins of the Chilean Pacific offshore, in Energy Resources of the Pacific Region: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geology, v. 12, p. 63−68.
Ojeda, H.A.O., 1982, Structural framework, stratigraphy, and evolution of Brazilian marginal basins: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 66, no. 6, p. 732−749.
Petroconsultants, 1996, Petroconsultants Worldwide Oil and Gas Field Database 1996: Petroconsultants International Data Corporation, Geneva, Switzerland.
Travis, R.B., Gonzales, G., and Pardo, A., 1975, Hydrocarbon potential of coastal basins of Peru: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir No. 25, p. 331−338.
Urien, C.M., and Zambrano, J.J., 1973, The geology of the basins of the Argentine continental margin and Malvinas Plateau, in Nairn, A.E.M., and Stehli, F.G., eds., The Ocean Basins and Margins, v. 1, The South Atlantic: Plenum Press, New York, p. 135−169.
Yrigoven, M.R., 1991, Energy resources map of the Circum−Pacific region; southeast quadrant: U.S. Geological Survey Circum−Pacific Map Series, Map CP−39, 2 sheets, 1:10,000,000 scale.
EXPLANATION
Oil and gas fields
Province boundaries
Country boundaries
6000 Province number
Bipolar Oblique ProjectionUnits: MetersFalse Easting: 0, False Northing: 0
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
OPEN−FILE REPORT97−470D