mapping earth’s surface topography - exploring earth’s surface the route of the lewis and clark...
TRANSCRIPT
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Topography
- Exploring Earth’s Surface
The route of the Lewis and Clark expedition crossed regions that differed greatly in elevation, relief, and landforms.
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Types of Landforms
- Exploring Earth’s Surface
There are three main types of landforms: plains, mountains, and plateaus.
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Types of Landforms
- Exploring Earth’s Surface
A large area of land where the topography is made up of mainly one type of landform is called a landform region.
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Landform Elevation Relief
Comparing and ContrastingAs you read, compare and contrast the characteristics of landforms by completing a table like the one below.
Plain Low Low
Mountain High High
Plateau High Low
Characteristics of Landforms
- Exploring Earth’s Surface
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Maps and Globes
Maps and globes are drawn to scale and use symbols to represent topography and other features on Earth’s surface.
- Models of Earth
Mapping Earth’s Surface
An Earth Reference System
Distances around circles are measured in degrees.
- Models of Earth
Mapping Earth’s Surface
An Earth Reference System
The equator and prime meridian divide Earth’s surface into hemispheres.
- Models of Earth
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Locating Points on Earth’s Surface
The lines of latitude and longitude form a grid that can be used to find locations anywhere on Earth.
- Models of Earth
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Locating Points on Earth’s Surface
Every point on Earth’s surface has a particular latitude and longitude.
- Models of Earth
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Map Projections
- Models of Earth
A Mercator projection is based on a cylinder with grid lines that has been flattened. On a Mercator projection, lines of longitude are parallel, so shapes near the poles are distorted.
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Map Projections
An equal-area projection shows areas correctly, but distorts some shapes around its edges.
- Models of Earth
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Map Projections
A conic projection is based on a cone that covers part of Earth and is then rolled out flat. A conic projection’s grid is formed from straight lines of longitude and curved lines of latitude.
- Models of Earth
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Question Answer
Asking QuestionsBefore you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic organizer like the one below, ask a question for each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions.
What is meant by an Earth reference system?
Just like a checkerboard, a grid system is needed to locate points on Earth.
How do you locate points on Earth’s surface?
Lines of latitude and longitude can be used to locate any place.
Why are there different types of map projections?
Different types are useful for different purposes.
- Models of Earth
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Latitude and Longitude
Click the Video button to watch a movie aboutlatitude and longitude.
- Models of Earth
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Main Idea
Detail Detail Detail
Identifying Main IdeasAs you read the section “Maps and Computers,” write the main idea in a graphic organizer like the one below. Then write three supporting details that further explain the main idea.
Computers use digitized data to make maps.
Digitizing is converting the location of map points to numbers.
Much of the data is gathered by satellites.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is used to find latitude, longitude, and elevation.
- Maps and Computers
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Mapping Earth’s Topography
Mapmakers use contour lines to represent elevation, relief, and slope on topographic maps.
- Topographic Maps
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Topographic Maps
Reading a Topographic Map
To read a topographic map, you must familiarize yourself with the map’s scale and symbols and interpret the map’s contour lines.
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Mapping Elevation Data
The map shows the elevation data points on which the contour lines are based. Study the map and the map key, then answer the questions.
- Topographic Maps
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Mapping Elevation Data
100 feet
Reading Maps:
What is the contour interval on this map?
- Topographic Maps
Mapping Earth’s Surface
Mapping Elevation Data
Yellow; points below 1,200 feet.
Reading Maps:
What color are the lowest points on the map? What range of elevations do these points represent?
- Topographic Maps
Mapping Earth’s Surface
What You Know
What You Learned
Using Prior KnowledgeBefore you read, write what you know about topographic maps in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, write what you learn.
1. Some maps show where mountains and plains are.2. Many people use maps to plan a trip or hike in unfamiliar
areas.
1. Mapmakers use contour lines to represent elevation, relief, and slope on topographic maps
2. A map’s scale and symbols can help you to interpret the map’s contour lines.
3. Topographic maps have many uses in science and engineering, business, government, and everyday life.
- Topographic Maps
Mapping Earth’s Surface
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Graphic Organizer
Mountains
Landforms
Plains Plateaus
High elevation, high relief
Low to high elevation, low relief
Coastal Interior High elevation, low relief
Low elevation, low relief