CHESSMR. CARLO JUSTINO J. LUNA

Malabanias Integrated SchoolAngeles City

PHYSICAL EDUCATIONUnit 3 – Indoor Recreational Activities

HISTORY

Brief History of Chess

ORIGIN• Chess is a game that has been played for

centuries and was thought to have originated in India over the 15th century.

• Long ago, it was considered a game reserved only for Kings and members of the upper classes.

• Nowadays, chess is played by common people even at early age.

Brief History of Chess

ORIGIN• The modern design of chess pieces

bears the name Staunton, who was an English master in the mid-18OO's.

• These are the type of pieces that are now used in all tournaments worldwide.

Brief History of Chess

ANDERSSEN• London Tourney – the first international

chess tournament played in 1851• Adolf Anderssen – a German who won

the game, London Tourney.• He became the unofficial best chess player

of the world because he did not receive any award or title.

Brief History of Chess

MORPHY• Paul Morphy – the first great American-

born chess player• Paul traveled to Europe in the 185O's,

where he beat all challengers, including Adolf Anderssen.

• However, the English champion of the time (Staunton) refused to play with him, so Morphy never became a world chess champ.

Brief History of Chess

STEINITZ• The first official championship chess

tournament was played in 1866 in London, with sand clocks to restrict the length of a game.

• Steinitz – a Bohemian (Czechoslovakian) Jew who won the game

• He became the world's first official chess champion, holding this title until 1894.

Brief History of Chess

TODAY• Recently, Russia dominates the game of

chess. This results from the establishment of government schools for talented chess players after the communist revolution of 1917.

• Since 1927, many of the top chess players have been citizens of the former USSR, and include: Tal, Alekhine, Petrosian, Spassky, Smyslov, Anatoli Karpov, and Gary Kasparov.

GOAL

GOAL• Chess is a game played between two

opponents on opposite sides of a board containing 64 squares of alternating colors. Each player has 16 pieces: 1 king, 1 queen, 2 rooks, 2 bishops, 2 knights, and 8 pawns.

• The goal of the game is to checkmate the other king. Checkmate happens when the king is in a position to be captured (in check) and cannot escape from capture.

CHESSPIECES

CHESSPIECES Pieces

on the Board

White Diagra

m Pieces Black

Diagram

Pieces King Queen Bishop Knight Rook Pawn

King& Queen

King Queen

⊙ The King’s crown has a rounded shape. King’s has a cross on top of their crown.

⊙ The Queen’s crown has a pointed shape.

Bishop

⊙ The shape of the Bishop used in printed chess diagrams is based on the Bishop’s Mitre, a liturgical headpiece worn by the bishop when exercising his office.

⊙ Two bands called “lappers” hang from the back of the Mitre down onto the shoulders.

A Bishops’ MitreClipart courtesy FCIT, http://etc.usf.edu/clipart

Chess Bishopfor print diagrams

These are lappers, not “feet”

The cleft between the front and back

of the Mitre became the

diagonal cut in the Bishop chess piece.

Knight

⊙ The shape of the Knight used in printed chess diagrams is the head of a Knight’s horse.

Statue, Doncaster Knights Rugby Club

© Copyright Dave Pickersgill and licensed for reuse

Chess Knightfor print diagrams

Rook

⊙ The shape of the Rook used in printed chess diagrams is a circular tower from a castle.

Winsor Castle© Derek A R., 2005 licensed for reuse

Chess Rookfor print diagrams

Pawn

⊙Swiss infantry formed pike squares of 100 infantry men in a 10 x 10 array, each holding a long pointed staff. A well-drilled pike square was impenetrable by cavalry and very mobile.

⊙Notice how the pikeman’s helmet and armor looks like a pawn.

Pikeman’s Armor, 1600-1630 A.D.© mharrsch, licensed for reuse

Chess Pawnfor print diagrams

Pike Square

CHESS BASICS

CHESS BASICS

⊙How to Set Up the Chess Board ⊙Basic Rules

How the Pieces Move Rules for Castling En Passant Pawn Captures Checkmate – How a game is won The Ways to Draw a Game

CHESS BASICS

“White to the right”Put the white corner to the right side

Switching this can make a game invalid.

If the board has letters, they should read A-H for the white player.

SETTING UP A CHESS BOARD

CHESS BASICS

“Queen on her color”⊙ White Queen is on a

white square.⊙ Black Queen is on a

shaded square.

“A lady wants her shoesto match her dress.”

Check this before youstart the game.

SETTING UP THE PIECES

CHESS BASICS

“Add the pieces inalphabetical order, going out from the King & Queen.”Bishops next to K & QKnights next to BishopsRooks in the Corners

Switching a Bishop anda Knight is a common mistake in setting up the board.

PIECES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER

CHESS BASICS

Now the board is ready to play chess!

ADD THE PAWNS IN FRONT

CHESS BASICS

White (corner) to the right Queen on her color Add pieces alphabetically from the

center Pawns in Front

RULES FOR SETTING UP BOARD

HOW THE PIECES MOVE

Rooks move to vacant squares in a horizontal or vertical straight line.

Rooks must stop before their own pieces, or they can capture an opponent’s piece and occupy that square.

MOVING ROOKS

Bishops move to vacant squares in a diagonal straight line.

Bishops must stop before their own pieces, or they can capture an opponent’s piece and occupy that square.

MOVING BISHOPS

Knights move in an “L”, two squares in one direction and one square at a right angle.

Knights jump over pieces of any color.

MOVING KNIGHTS

Knights can capture opponent’s pieces, but not their own pieces.

The Queen combines the moves of the Rook and the Bishop. The Queen moves to vacant squares in a straight line.

The Queen must stop before her own pieces, or she can capture an opponent’s piece and occupy that square.

MOVING THE QUEEN

The King moves one square in any direction, but cannot stay in or move to a square under attack by an opposing piece, or occupy a square that has one of his own pieces.

MOVING THE KING

The King may capture an unprotected piece, even if it is attacking him. Castling is done with both the King and Rook in the same move.

MOVING THE KING

Pawns move forward, either one or two empty squares on their first move, and only one empty square after that.

MOVING PAWNS

Pawns may capture opponent’s pieces that are one diagonal square in front of it.

A Pawn cannot capture a piece directly in front of it.

MOVING PAWNS

Pawns allowed able to take an opponent’s pawn “en passant” (French for “in passing”). When the opponent’s pawn moves two squares, the pawn can captures as if the pawn only moves one square.

“EN PASSANT” CAPTURE

This en passant capture MUST be done immediately (on the very next move), or the option to capture this way is lost.

“EN PASSANT” CAPTURE

CASTLING 1. The King & Rook have not yet moved in the game.

2. All squares between the King and Rook are empty.

3. The King is not in check.4. The King does not move to or

move over a square that is in check.

RULES FOR CASTLING

CHECKMATE Checkmate is when one player’s King is threatened and there is no legal move to meet the threat.

The player giving checkmate wins the game.

A player can resign when their position is hopeless. It is a loss, but it saves time & shows they knew they lost.

CHECKMATE AND WHEN TO RESIGN

DRAW 1. By agreement with your opponent2. Repeating the same position three

(3) times, with the same person to move and the same possible moves

3. Stalemate: The player to move has no legal moves and is not in check

4. The 50-Move Rule: 50 moves without a check or a piece being captured

4 WAYS TO DRAW A GAME

DRAW To request a draw:1. You must be the player to move2. Make your move3. Offer a draw before touching the

clock. The offer is considered on your time, not your opponent’s time.

If your opponent offers a draw, he often thinks he is losing. Check what winning chances you have.

ABOUT DRAWS

50-MOVE DRAW

The opposite-color Bishops can avoid each other, and avoid capture by the King forever.

This will be a draw eventually, if one is not offered and accepted.

50-MOVE DRAW EXAMPLE

PERFORMANCE

APPLICATION1. Name each chess piece.2. Set up the chess board.3. Demonstrate how each chess piece

moves.4. Demonstrate castling and en passant

capture.5. Explain the four rules in castling.6. Demonstrate on a chess board four

ways a chess game can end in a draw.

PERFORMANCE

THANKS!CHESS

MR. CARLO JUSTINO J. LUNAMalabanias Integrated School

Angeles City

PHYSICAL EDUCATIONUnit 3 – Indoor Recreational Activities