By analyzing 2 reforms implemented by Mao, explain the

affect Mao’s rule had on the lives of Chinese people, 1949-76.

Mao Zedong“Communism is not love. Communism is a hammer which we use to crush the enemy”. - Mao

Is Mao Zedong a hero or villain?

Mao Zedong: Mean or nice?

Bung Karno and Mao Zedong

Map showing the Long

March

BackgroundMao was born from a peasant family, therefore he attracted to communism in his youth. In 1921, he helped founding chinese communist party in 1921. By 19341, Chiang Kai-Shek started a campaign against the Communists in Jiangxi. However, in 1934 they broke though Chiang's lines and the Communist Red Army made their own celebration called 'Long March", to set up new Communist. Mao marched 100.000 men over 3000 kilometer, to fight. He used a guerilla tactics, and campaign against the Nationalist troops on the way. Although, they were success, but it was a disaster since the Read army lost 90% of its men, and maybe only 10 percent survived it. Therefore, it was a propaganda success. In the village, where it ended Mao emerged as the Communist leader, then Read Army spread communist ideas among chinese peasants in the village. As a result, by 1936 everyone heard of the Long March, and of the new Communist leader Mao Zedong.

Mao

“ W E A N N O U N C E T H E S E T T I N G U P O F T H E

P E O P L E ʼ S R E P U B L I C O F C H I N A . O U R N A T I O N W I L L F R O M N O W O N

E N T E R T H E L A R G E F A M I L Y O F P E A C E -

L O V I N G A N D F R E E D O M -L O V I N G N A T I O N S O F T H E W O R L D . I T W I L L

W O R K B R A V E L Y T O C R E A T E I T S O W N

C I V I L I Z A T I O N A N D H A P P I N E S S A N D W I L L

A T T H E S A M E T I M E P R O M O T E W O R L D

P E A C E A N D F R E E D O M . O U R N A T I O N W I L L N E V E R A G A I N B E

I N S U L T E D . W E H A V E S T O O D U P . ”

- M A O S P E A K I N G I N 1 9 4 9

Rebuilding China

IntroductionIt was more than 30 years China had been at war. For more than millions people had died. However, In october 1949 Mao announced his plans for a new peaceful china, and also for a better china. The announcement held at the gate of the Heavenly Place in Beijing. The new republic of china was governed by an alliance of the communists with a number of smaller parties.China established their power with chair man Mao, and the communist Prime Minister Zhuo Enlai. Mao put his ideas, and running it though party workers in each local area. it was a great challenge to rebuild china after the civil war, and the foreign position. China was underdeveloped, and the system of government was in disorder. There was really a little industry. Mao put his effort to spread communist ideas among the peasants, and he was aware that Chinese disliked change. Nevertheless, Mao announced that China is in opposition to imperialism, feudalism, bureaucracy, and struggle for independence, democracy, peace, and also unity. However, The new government started rebuild to restore the whole problems. Two examples of the problem that occurred at that time were Inflation and low production. Firstly, the government required land reform, improving the past feudal system, and also embraced the five year economic plan to support economic growth. Therefore, agriculture and industry got highly increased above the level to china before the war in 1950.

MAO’S REFORMS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE CHINESE PEOPLE

Agrarian Reform Law, 1950

Mao Zedong

☛ In 1950, Mao started the Agrarian Reform Law. He ordered and told his Communist party workers, to go to each village to enforce it.

☛ Then, they divided out the village land between the peasants.

☛ They also encouraged peasants to put landlords on trial, they called it as 'people courts'

☛ At the trial, landlords were accused of; Charging high rents/mistreating their tenants. They also send to special camps for imprisoned, executed or to be re-educated.

☛ The party workers also helped the landlords courts, but it was the peasants who ran them and made the decision. Therefore, the support for Mao is increased.

Agrarian Reform Law, 1950 - Images

Huang Chin-chi was found guilty at this ʻpeopleʼs courtʼ of being a despotic landlord. Then, He was shot on 17 January 1953.

ImpactsOn

China

The termination of Feudalism. It was an action of bringing feudalism to an end.

Landowner of land ended with the land being accorded to peasants.

The landlords had been removed by the peasants. Lots of landlords were imprisoned or even executed.

Collectivization started off and abolishing private ownership

Almost all the family shared their work and the land of the farm.

A CRUCIAL IMPACTS OF THE AGRARIAN REFORM

LAW: Peasants

Many owners, especially landlords were to blame of many crimes against peasants on their land. As a result, approximately for about one million former landlords were executed in 1949-1953

However, new technologies and methods were also adopted and introduced There was a huge investment for the development of fertilizers, hybrid seeds. Not only that, they invested on the irrigation systems along the bank many chinese rivers.

The Cultural Revolution

“Chairman Mao put up his famous ‘bombard the Headquarters’ poster. He attacked the leaders from the top downwards. His main targets were Liu Shao-qi and Deng Xiaoping.. ! Soon, lots of people in Changsa, some very important, were being accused and removed from office. It seemed that every day good people were being exposed, as evil and only pretending to support the Revolution.. Most felt that the Cultural Revolution was a wonderful thing because when our enemies were uncovered China would be much safer. So I felt excited and happy and I wished I could do something to help” - A 12 years old boy, named Liang Heng, describes the beginning of the Cultural Revolution.

The Cultural Revolution

Zedong

Mao

In 1959, Mao resigned as President of china. Although, he was resigned but he remained as chairman of the Communist party. In the mid 1960s, Suddenly, he concerned more about the direct China seemed to be taking. He thinks that townspeople, and the middle-class were getting wealthy at the expense of the peasants and ordinary people. Mao started to take more active role in China. In 1966, millions of copies of quotations of chairman Mao (Mao's little red book) were printed and distributed free to celebrate his achievements. Mao called for the young people to rise up and get china free of anti-communist elements within the party, schools, universities and society as whole. Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shao - qi were dismissed form their jobs. Deng was forced to become a waiter. while Liu died in 1969 after three years in prison.

- Mao wanted to start more effective bureaucracy.

- He organized group of young people, to spread the idea of socialism around china

- They fought against the democratic society,

The Cultural Revolution- Mao told the young students of China

to form themselves into Red Guards.

- Then, they went on the riot.

- Children reviled their own parents parents as anti- Communist.

- Mao wanted to brainwash Chinese society , especially young students, and create chinese citizens who would grow up to become uneducated and mindless.

- As a result, this revolution was based on the belief that school should be simpler, and when a person read, they become more unintelligent , not more intelligent.

ImpactsOn

China

1. The Cultural Revolution made China fall into a deep crisis or their economy was collapsed.

2. The production got highly decreased, such as amount of r ice grains produced a year, and co t ton production.

3. As a result, the price for those productions got increased.

4. Most citizens became peasants and worked in the farms in order to feed their family.

5. This revolution made many citizens to lose their jobs and properties, such as politicians, landowner, and the high class society.

Impacts on Economy and Families.

METRO SYSTEMS

Impacts on School and Students.

1.Schools and Collages were closed during the Cultural Revolution.

2.Therefore, lots of Chinese students were not able to study.

3. It’s a must for a school to teach the students about the advantages and values of the Cultural Revolution

4. A lot of students dropped out from school, and also many students blocked from completing school.

5. For Chinese young people, who couldn’t afford to go to school, they then worked in factories and farm to help their family, earning money.

6. They then sent to the countryside, after the graduation. Mao thought it was necessary for graduate to be re-educated by farmers and peasants.

7.About four million high school and college graduates and about sixteen million students are sent to the farmland, and ended up working the farms and performing manual labor.

8.Gradually, problems arose for Chinese young people, due to the lack of food, housing, and money.9. Lots of talented students talents were wasted, because they ended up working in farmland.

Impacts on School and Students.

10. In 1976, Mao dead, and the Gang of Four

was dismissed. As a result, it’s a signed the

end of the Cultural Revolution.

11. By December of 1977, The Eleven Party

congress ended this revolution.

12. This revolution makes lots of people in

poverty, and also educational opportunity

was forever over.

13. It took many long years to fix the

educational.14.For some people, their lives changed for the

better as they were able to escape the pain

of this revolution.

METRO SYSTEMS

15. However, for most of them, it was a nightmare. The cultural revolution still remained and escaping

from that reality is only hope, because the collapse of the economy and government had huge impacts

on their lives which took years and years to repair.

METRO SYSTEMS

A young group of Red Guards Mao gathered to fight against democratic society

A gathering during the end of the Cultural Revolution, China.

“The cultural revolution was really a good thing. In the 1950s the Chinese were very simple. They believed in the Communists-like my mother. She’s a teacher. Whatever the Communists said she thought was great. Then in the Cultural Revolution they locked her up for a year and a half because hr father was a well-known scholar whom they said was a ‘capitalist’. Some Red guards in her school made her kneel on broken glass in front of all the students. For an intelligent person it was about the worst thing that could happen- to be made to feel so small. Her eyes were opened by the Cultural Revolution. She saw through the communist”. - A 16 years old chinese speaking .

The Gang Of Four

Three people are brought through the street by Red Guards after being accused of being anti-revolutionary.

Company

ConclusionIn conclusion, I concluded that Mao had introduced many positive and negative changes to China which impacted on sections of the China people. The positive change of both reforms are first, collectivization was introduced to the peasants, new investment were also adopted, such as hybrid seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation system, and also they get rid of Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shao by doing the culture revolution. Not only that, he spread the ideas of socialism around china. Although it has good impacts on sections of the China people, however these two reforms had bad impacts on the chinese people especially, peasants, landlords, students, and family. Lots of landlords were being executed, and removed the peasants during the great leap forward. Students were not able to go to school, lots of problems occurred due to the lack of food, money, and housing. As a result, many people were left in poverty and lots of educational opportunity was forever over. These two reforms had scarred lives, but the chinese people regained a hope for a better tomorrow. The hope for a better life in china is started off, as many households and and families were put the past behind them, as they put their head up and head out towards a better future.

Company

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"Mao's China." Mao's China. Web. Nov.-Dec. 2011. <http://www.hodderplus.co.uk/

modernworldhistory/pdf/Maos-China-1930-76.pdf>.

"Mao Zedong The Great Leap Forward." Liberty News Environment Civil Liberties Alerts News

Wildlife Conservation Earthhope Action Network. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. <http://earthhopenetwork.net/

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