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* Interstate System * Other Route Systems * National Highway System, Intermodal Connectors * National Network, Qualifying & Access Highways * Strategic Highway Network, StraHNet Connectors * Primary System * Functional Classification 

‐ Principal Arterial System, NHS ‐ Other Federal Aid (STP) eligible classifications ‐ Non‐Federal Aid eligible classifications 

Many different “systems” with lots of confusion

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State SystemState owned? maintained? route?State SystemTouring Routes (Interstate, US, NY)Reference Routes (900 series)

Federal Aid SystemFederal Aid eligible – under STP/ERFHWA regs = National Highway System

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Interstate is bothA route designationSubject to approval by AASHTO Special Subcommittee on US Route Numbering

A functional classificationSubject to FHWA review & approvalNY FC 1, 11; FHWA FS 1NYSDOT Functional Class 1 (Rural) and 11 (Urban); FHWA Functional System 1

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Interstate designation, or “de‐designation”, requires approval of an AASHTO committee* which includes FHWA approvalAdded: I‐99, Pennsylvania to Corning

I‐781, I‐81 to Fort DrumI‐695, renumbering of part of I‐295

Deleted: I‐895 Sheridan ExpresswayI‐81? Proposed in Syracuse

*AASHTO Special Subcommittee on US Route Numbering

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78 99 481 69581 190 490 78184 278 495 78786 287 587 79087 290 590 89088 295 678 89590 390 684 99095 478 690 915H

915H is an unsigned part of the mainline NYS Thruway connecting between I-87 and I-90 at Exit 24 as both of those route designations (87 & 90) exit/enter the Thruway mainline at that point in a manner that leaves a gap (which is covered by 915H).

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78 0.91 Holland Tunnel587 1.23 Kingston Circle895 1.35 Sheridan Expressway

915H 1.39 I‐90/87 connector695 1.73 I‐295 spur790 2.06 Utica I‐90 connector478 2.44 Brooklyn‐Battery Tunnel781 4.52 Fort Drum Expressway

Shortest Interstate routes in NYS

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90 387 Thruway/Berkshire spur87 334 Thruway/Northway86 215 Southern Tier Exp.81 184 Interstate 8188 118 Warren Anderson Exp.390 76 Interstate 39084 71 Interstate 84495 66 Long Island Expressway

Route Miles Name

Longest Interstate routes in NYS

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* Interstate System * Other Route Systems * National Highway System, Intermodal Connectors * National Network, Qualifying & Access Highways * Strategic Highway Network, StraHNet Connectors * Primary System * Functional Classification 

‐ Principal Arterial System, NHS ‐ Other Federal Aid (STP) eligible classifications ‐ Non‐Federal Aid eligible classifications 

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Touring Routes – Interstate, US, NYInterstate & US – AASHTONY Routes – Office of Traffic Safety & MobilityApproximately 15,500 miles

Interstates  1700 milesUS Routes  1700 milesNY Routes  12,000 miles

Approximately 1200 miles not NYSDOTReference Routes 1200 miles

Touring route designation has no connection to jurisdiction or ownership.Reference routes includes things like parkways, stubs owned by NYSDOT.

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Route Miles Route MilesUS 1 22 US 20 372US 2 1 US 20A 83US 4 80 US 44 66US 6 78 US 62 103US 9 325 US 202 56US 9W 130 US 209 61US 11 319 US 219 68

US 62 Bus. 2These are NOT “Federal Routes”; they are simply a different set of numbers. US routes are not treated any differently than NY routes except that the approval process for changing a US route number involves AASHTO and the NY routes do not.

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NY 17 397 215 miles are also I‐86I‐90 387 Thruway/Berkshire spurUS 20 372NY 5 371NY 22 337I‐87 334 Thruway/NorthwayUS 9 325US 11 319NY 30 301

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* Interstate System * Other Route Systems * National Highway System, Intermodal Connectors * National Network, Qualifying & Access Highways * Strategic Highway Network, StraHNet Connectors * Primary System * Functional Classification 

‐ Principal Arterial System, NHS ‐ Other Federal Aid (STP) eligible classifications ‐ Non‐Federal Aid eligible classifications 

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Began in 1995, NY capped at ~5000 milesMeant to be focus of FHWA program and oversightExpanded in 2012 with MAP‐21 to include all Principal ArterialsNYS used “NHS Plus” as guide to add 1000 more miles to fill gapsNYS now at over 8000 miles

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Affected by NHS designation:Funding eligibilityDesign standardsIncluding clearance under bridges

Data collection requirementsPerformance monitoring requirementsOutdoor advertising restrictionsAuto junkyard restrictions 

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To add to the mainline NHS a roadway must be a Principal Arterial, although the reverse is not true

Principal arterials do not automatically become National Highway System FC (principal arterial) and NHS approval processes differ

Intermodal Connectors exception from PA

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AirportPortAMTRAK StationRail/Truck TerminalIntercity Bus TerminalPublic Transit/Multi ModalPipeline TerminalFerry Terminal

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Intermodal Connectors are also NHS and, therefore, also must meet NHS:

Funding eligibilityDesign standardsIncluding clearance under bridges

Data collection requirementsPerformance monitoring requirementsOutdoor advertising restrictionsAuto junkyard restrictions 

Intermodal connectors can be on non-Federal Aid eligible roads (with respect to STP): Urban Local, Rural Local, Rural Minor Collector.

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* Interstate System * Other Route Systems * National Highway System, Intermodal Connectors * National Network, Qualifying & Access Highways * Strategic Highway Network, StraHNet Connectors * Primary System * Functional Classification 

‐ Principal Arterial System, NHS ‐ Other Federal Aid (STP) eligible classifications ‐ Non‐Federal Aid eligible classifications 

Do not confuse National Highway System with National Network.

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A national trucking network Established by Congress in 1982Assumes inclusion of all InterstatesUnless otherwise specified

Other routes specific in CFRRequires amendment to CFR to change

Allows selected combination trucksNo relationship to the NHS, National Freight Network or anything else

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Equivalent to “Qualifying Highways” in NYSSome inconsistencyInterstates in NYS not listed in CFRImplies inclusion in National Network

Interstates are listed (but not all) in NYS list of Qualifying & Access Highways

Occasionally causes ambiguitiesI‐895 Sheridan Expressway

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Travel up to one mile off the National Network is allowed for trucks to reach their local destinationsUpon application, NYS considers requests to designate additional roadways as “Access Highways” to provide connection to more distant locations

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New York States official listing of statetruck routes. Includes definition ofpermitted and restricted trucks onvarious networks.

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* Interstate System * Other Route Systems * National Highway System, Intermodal Connectors * National Network, Qualifying & Access Highways * Strategic Highway Network, StraHNet Connectors * Primary System * Functional Classification 

‐ Principal Arterial System, NHS ‐ Other Federal Aid (STP) eligible classifications ‐ Non‐Federal Aid eligible classifications 

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Highways designated as strategic to rapid deployment of the military in time of needIncludes all Interstates plus other designated roadways

Used to include NY 17 and US 15 in New York but both are now Interstate

StraHNet ConnectorsAdditional connections to military facilities

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StraHNet Connector facilitiesFort DrumWest PointPort facilities on Staten Island

Total 25 milesAll Principal or Minor Arterials

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Example map of STRAHNET connectors. Designations specified by the Military. Must check occasionally as there is no automatic notification of changes.

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Primary System is a combination of1991 Federal Aid Primary SystemNational Highway System1991 FAP is staticNHS changes

Affects regulation ofOutdoor Advertising Auto Junkyards

Prior to ISTEA (1991 federal transportation act) – Functional Classification and Federal Aid System separately designated.

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1991 Federal Aid Primary SystemPrimary System:  1991 FAP & NHSPrimary direction of travel

Primary/reversePrimary/non‐Primary

Primary under State Operations Manual for certifying a Critical Access Hospital

InterstateUS RouteNHS

Being a common word, the use of “Primary” as a technical term in many situations leads to ambiguity and confusion. The two listed in bold are the main ones of concern to highway data customers.

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Principal ArterialMinor ArterialCollectorLocal

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Principal Arterial – breaks into 3 classesInterstate

A designation, not a “function”Changes must be approved by AASHTO and FHWA

Other Freeway/ExpresswayA physical description, not a “function”Ambiguous when includes intersections

Other Principal Arterials ‐ non‐expressway

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Principal ArterialIn NYS, all are also NHSNHS is not automaticCan be PA but not NHS

Evolution from pre‐ISTEA (1990) Federal Aid System to combined FAS/FC to inclusion in NHS has left anomalies and discrepancies

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Federal Aid eligible classificationsPrincipal ArterialMinor ArterialCollector

MajorMinor (urban only)

Non‐Federal Aid eligibleCollector

Minor (rural)Local

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Functional Classification Codes NYS Urban

NYS Rural FHWA

Principal Arterial Interstate 11 1 1Principal Arterial Expressway 12 2 2Principal Arterial Other 14 4 3Minor Arterial 16 6 4Major Collector 17 7 5Minor Collector 18 8 6Local 19 9 7

NYS kept the old codes for consistency with other systems and to keep urban/rural distinction for cross validation and for Collector Fed Aid eligibility distinction.

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Federal Aid eligible Typically means STP/ER eligible

27,700 milesNHS roadways also Fed Aid eligible (NHPP)

Intermodal connectors not necessarily STPFewer than 6 miles currently Urban Local

Non‐Federal Aid – 85,000 milesRural Minor Collector – 9000Rural Local   – 43,000Urban Local – 34,000

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“Rules”Principal Arterials connect significant destinations (not necessarily large places)

Lake Placid/Saranac LakeMinor Arterials connect destinationsArterials interconnect to equal or higher FC

No “dead ends”No discontinuities

Collectors lead to arterialsCollectors don’t merge to become arterials

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“Rules”Relative AADT is most objective criteriaFor arterials, what two destinations served?FC 18 was added where needed

Only used where a FC 8 became urbanLittle over 200 miles statewide

“Future” functional class

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Principal Arterial – breaks into 3 classesInterstate

A designation, not a “function”Changes must be approved by AASHTO and FHWA

Other Freeway/ExpresswayA physical description, not a “function”Ambiguous when includes intersections

Other Principal Arterials ‐ non‐expressway

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Sheridan Expressway – I‐895Long existing interest in downgrade

Adjacent to a parkLowering speed, narrowing lanes,  at‐grade intersectionsInterstate de‐designationNational Network issueFC will still be an expressway

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OthersI‐81 SyracuseNY 198 Scajaquada ExpresswayNY 787 Cohoes BoulevardNY 50 C V Whitney Highway, SaratogaI‐787 Albany waterfront

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OthersI‐81 Syracuse

Interstate de‐designationInterstate renumberingNational Network alteration

Requires NPRM, comment periodFunctional Class changes

Affected part of I‐81 Affected downtown streets

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41One alternative considered.

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OthersI‐81 SyracuseNY 787 Cohoes Boulevard

Sought downgrade from FC 12 to 14Could not comply as FC reflects what road is, not what is desired

Future FC issueCurrent project addresses characteristics

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OthersI‐81 SyracuseNY 787 Cohoes BoulevardNY 50 C V Whitney Highway, Saratoga

Desire to downgrade to FC 14Cannot comply unless design change

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OthersI‐81 SyracuseNY 787 Cohoes BoulevardNY 50 C V Whitney Highway, SaratogaI‐787 Albany waterfront

Movement to remove or downgradeDesire for access to waterfrontVolumes on order of 80‐90,000

Reduced speed reduces capacityMay not be able to handle volumes

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OthersI‐81 SyracuseNY 787 Cohoes BoulevardNY 50 C V Whitney Highway, SaratogaI‐787 Albany waterfrontWashington Avenue Extension?

Cannot change FC just because of desireChange the road then FC changes