manualflflll of steel construction - mechanical...
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l f ll f lManual of Steel ConstructionManual of Steel ConstructionL d d R i F D i 3 d Edi iLoad and Resistance Factor Design, 3rd Edition
Part 1
Dimensions and Properties
C. C. Fu, Ph.D., P.E.University of Maryland at College ParkUniversity of Maryland at College Park
dd fl ( ) hfl ( ) hWideWide--flange (W) Shapesflange (W) Shapes
• Most widely used section
T fl h ld t b b
• Essentially parallel inner and outer flange surfaces
• Two flanges held apart by a web
Essentially parallel inner and outer flange surfaces
Section designation
W24x55 Weight per foot
Nominal depth
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FlangeMajor (strong) axis
Flange
Web
Minor (weak) axisMinor (weak) axis
Designation
Cross-sectional area
Actual depth
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Web thicknessFlange propertiesFlange properties
End of fillet transitionbetween web and flangebetween web and flange
Flat portion of web
Spacing between rowsSpacing between rowsof bolts in flange
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Second moment, elastic section modulus,radius of gyration,plastic section modulusfor strong and weak axesfor strong and weak axes
Flange and web stabilityWeight per foot
g yparameters
Used for beam strengthUsed for beam strength calculations
MM--ShapesShapes• Not classified in ASTM 6 as W-, S- or HP- shapes
Same properties (A d t b etc) as W shapes
HPHP ShSh
• Same properties (A, d, tw, bf, etc) as W- shapes
HPHP--ShapesShapes• Also known as bearing piles• Also known as bearing piles
• Similar to W-shapes, except their webs and flanges are of equal thickness and the depth and flange widthare of equal thickness and the depth and flange width are nominally equal for a given designation
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d d ( ) hd d ( ) hAmerican Standard (S) ShapesAmerican Standard (S) Shapes
• 16-2/3% slope on inner flange surface
Section designation
S24x121 Weight per foot
Nominal depth
• Relatively narrow flange when compared to W shapesy g p p
Narrow flangeNarrow flange
Note slope on inside of flange
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Same properties as for W shapes
Ch lCh lChannelsChannels
• 16-2/3% slope on inner flange surface
Section designation
C15x50
g
Weight per foot
Actual depth
MC – Miscellaneous channel – 2 on 12 slope on inner flangeinner flange
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Property for design
Actual depth Property fordetailing
llAnglesAnglesSection designation
Short leg lengthL6x4x3/4
Thickness
Long leg length
• Major axes do not correspond to X and Y axes
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Location of plasticLocation of plastic centroid
Location of elastic centroid
X axis properties
Designation
Minor (weak) axis
Y axis properties
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TeesTees
• WT – cut from W shape
WT22x131 is cut from W44x262
• ST – cut from S shape
• MT – cut from M shape
Stem, not web,
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Reduction factor forReduction factor for slender stiffened compression elements
Hollow Structural Shapes (HSS)Hollow Structural Shapes (HSS)
• Rectangular (or square)
• Round
S l PiS l PiSteel PipeSteel Pipe
• Pipe diameter (Std., X-Strong, XX-Strong)
For example, Pipe 5 Std.
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Hollow Structural Shapes (HSS)Hollow Structural Shapes (HSS)
Torsion andTorsion andwarping constants
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Nominal versus
Diameter over design thickness
Nominal versusdesign thickness
bl lbl lDouble AnglesDouble Angles2L6x4x3/4
Major axes are now x and y• Major axes are now x and y
• X axis properties may be obtained from x axisX axis properties may be obtained from x axis properties of single angle
• Y axis properties depend on separation between backs angles and whether LLBB or SLBB
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Equal leg anglesLong legs back-to-back Short legs back-to-back
Unequal leg anglesUnequal leg angles
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bl h lbl h lDouble ChannelsDouble Channels
• Designated as 2C or 2MC
2C15x50
• Y axis properties depend on back-to-back separation• Y axis properties depend on back to back separation
• X axis properties can be obtained from x axisproperties of single channel
Y axis properties dependon back-to-backdistance betweenindividual channelsindividual channels
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VQ
Ib
ApplicableApplicableApplicable Applicable ASTM ASTM
SpecificationsSpecifications/Shapes/Shapes/Shapes/Shapes