Manual de PHP

Stig Sæther Bakken

Alexander Aulbach

Egon Schmid

Jim Winstead

Lars Torben Wilson

Rasmus Lerdorf

Zeev Suraski

Andrei Zmievski

Jouni Ahto

Editado por

Rafael Martínez

Manual de PHPpor Stig Sæther Bakken, Alexander Aulbach, Egon Schmid, Jim Winstead, Lars Torben Wilson, Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski,Andrei Zmievski, y Jouni Ahto

Editado por Rafael Martínez

Publicado 15-04-2001Copyright© 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 por por el Grupo de documentación de PHP

Copyright

Este manual es© Copyright 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 del Grupo de documentación de PHP. Los miembros de este grupo seencuentran listados en laprimera página de este manual.

Este manual puede ser redistribuido bajo los términos de la "GNU General Public License"publicada por la "Free SoftwareFoundation"; tanto bajo la versión 2 de esta licencia o bajo versiones posteriores.

Tabla de contenidosPrefacio..................................................................................................................................................................................41

Sobre este Manual.........................................................................................................................................................41Sobre la traducción.......................................................................................................................................................41

I. Conceptos Básicos.............................................................................................................................................................431. Introducción..............................................................................................................................................................43

Qué es PHP?........................................................................................................................................................45Qué se puede hacer con PHP?.............................................................................................................................45Corta historia de PHP..........................................................................................................................................45

2. Instalación.................................................................................................................................................................47Bajándose la última versión................................................................................................................................49Instalación en sistemas UNIX.............................................................................................................................49

Instrucciones Rápidas de Instalación (Versión Módulo de Apache).........................................................49Configuración............................................................................................................................................49Módulo del Apache....................................................................................................................................50Módulo fhttpd............................................................................................................................................50CGI version................................................................................................................................................50Opciones de soporte para Base de Datos...................................................................................................50

Adabas D..........................................................................................................................................50dBase................................................................................................................................................50filePro...............................................................................................................................................50mSQL...............................................................................................................................................51MySQL.............................................................................................................................................51iODBC .............................................................................................................................................51OpenLink ODBC.............................................................................................................................51Oracle...............................................................................................................................................51PostgreSQL......................................................................................................................................52Solid.................................................................................................................................................52Sybase..............................................................................................................................................52Sybase-CT........................................................................................................................................52Velocis..............................................................................................................................................52Una librería a medida de ODBC......................................................................................................52ODBC Unificado..............................................................................................................................53LDAP ...............................................................................................................................................53

Otras opciones de configuración................................................................................................................53–with-mcrypt=DIR ..........................................................................................................................53–enable-sysvsem..............................................................................................................................53–enable-sysvshm..............................................................................................................................53–with-xml.........................................................................................................................................53–enable-maintainer-mode.................................................................................................................54–with-system-regex..........................................................................................................................54–with-config-file-path.......................................................................................................................54–with-exec-dir..................................................................................................................................54–enable-debug..................................................................................................................................54–enable-safe-mode...........................................................................................................................54–enable-track-vars............................................................................................................................55–enable-magic-quotes......................................................................................................................55–enable-debugger.............................................................................................................................55–enable-discard-path........................................................................................................................55–enable-bcmath................................................................................................................................55–enable-force-cgi-redirect................................................................................................................55–disable-short-tags...........................................................................................................................56–enable-url-includes.........................................................................................................................56–disable-syntax-hl............................................................................................................................56

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CPPFLAGS y LDFLAGS................................................................................................................56Construyendo.............................................................................................................................................56Probando....................................................................................................................................................56Comprobando la velocidad........................................................................................................................56

Instalación en sistemas Windows 95/98/NT.......................................................................................................57Pasos Generales de Instalación..................................................................................................................57Windows 95/98/NT y PWS/IIS 3..............................................................................................................57Windows NT e IIS 4..................................................................................................................................58Windows 9x/NT y Apache 1.3.x................................................................................................................59Omni HTTPd 2.0b1 para Windows...........................................................................................................59Módulos del PHP.......................................................................................................................................59

¿Problemas?........................................................................................................................................................60Lea las PMF (FAQ)....................................................................................................................................60Informes de error.......................................................................................................................................60Otros problemas.........................................................................................................................................60

3. Configuración............................................................................................................................................................61El archivo de configuración.................................................................................................................................63

Directivas Generales de Configuración.....................................................................................................63Directivas de Configuración de Correo......................................................................................................66Directivas de Configuración de Modo Seguro...........................................................................................66Directivas de Configuración del Debugger................................................................................................67Directivas de Carga de Extensiones...........................................................................................................67Directivas de Configuración de MySQL....................................................................................................67Directivas de Configuración de mSQL......................................................................................................67Directivas de Configuración de Postgres...................................................................................................68SESAM Configuration Directives.............................................................................................................68Directivas de Configuración de Sybase.....................................................................................................68Directivas de Configuración de Sybase-CT...............................................................................................69Directivas de Configuración de Informix..................................................................................................69Directivas de Configuración de Matemática BC.......................................................................................70Directivas de Configuración de Capacidades de los Navegadores............................................................70Directivas Unificadas de Configuración de ODBC...................................................................................70

4. Seguridad..................................................................................................................................................................73Binarios CGI.......................................................................................................................................................75

Posibles ataques.........................................................................................................................................75Caso 1: solamente se sirven ficheros publicos...........................................................................................75Caso 2: usando –enable-force-cgi-redirect................................................................................................76Caso 3: Usando doc_root or user_dir........................................................................................................76Caso 4: Analizador PHP fuera del arbol web............................................................................................76

Modulo Apache...................................................................................................................................................77

II. Referencia del Lenguaje..................................................................................................................................................795. Sintaxis básica...........................................................................................................................................................79

Saliendo de HTML..............................................................................................................................................81Separación de instrucciones................................................................................................................................81Comentarios........................................................................................................................................................81

6. Types.........................................................................................................................................................................83Enteros.................................................................................................................................................................85Números en punto flotante..................................................................................................................................85Cadenas...............................................................................................................................................................85

Conversión de cadenas...............................................................................................................................87Arrays..................................................................................................................................................................87

Arrays unidimensionales...........................................................................................................................87Arrays Multidimensionales........................................................................................................................88

Objetos................................................................................................................................................................89Inicialización de Objetos...........................................................................................................................89

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Type juggling.......................................................................................................................................................90Forzado de tipos.........................................................................................................................................90

7. Variables....................................................................................................................................................................93Conceptos Básicos...............................................................................................................................................95Variables predefinidas.........................................................................................................................................95

Variables de Apache..................................................................................................................................96Variables de entorno..................................................................................................................................97Variables de PHP.......................................................................................................................................97

Ambito de las variables.......................................................................................................................................98Variables variables.............................................................................................................................................100Variables externas a PHP...................................................................................................................................100

Formularios HTML (GET y POST)........................................................................................................100IMAGE SUBMIT variable names..................................................................................................101

Cookies HTTP.........................................................................................................................................101Variables de entorno................................................................................................................................102Puntos en los nombres de variables de entrada........................................................................................102Determinando los tipos de variables........................................................................................................102

8. Constantes...............................................................................................................................................................1039. Expresiones.............................................................................................................................................................10710. Operadores............................................................................................................................................................111

Operadores Aritméticos.....................................................................................................................................113Operadores de Asignación................................................................................................................................113Operadores Bit a bit...........................................................................................................................................113Operadores de Comparación.............................................................................................................................114Operador de ejecución.......................................................................................................................................114Operadores de Incremento/decremento.............................................................................................................115Operadores Lógicos...........................................................................................................................................115Precedencia de Operadores...............................................................................................................................115Operadores de Cadenas.....................................................................................................................................116

11. Estructuras de Control...........................................................................................................................................117if .......................................................................................................................................................................119else ..................................................................................................................................................................119elseif ..............................................................................................................................................................119Sintaxis Alternativa de Estructuras de Control.................................................................................................120while ................................................................................................................................................................120do..while .......................................................................................................................................................121for ....................................................................................................................................................................122foreach ............................................................................................................................................................123break ................................................................................................................................................................124continue ..........................................................................................................................................................125switch ..............................................................................................................................................................125require() ............................................................................................................................................................127include()............................................................................................................................................................128require_once()..................................................................................................................................................131include_once()..................................................................................................................................................133

12. Funciones..............................................................................................................................................................135Funciones definidas por el usuario....................................................................................................................137Parámetros de las funciones..............................................................................................................................137

Pasar parámetros por referencia...............................................................................................................137Parámetros por defecto............................................................................................................................138Lista de longitud variable de parámetros.................................................................................................139

Devolver valores................................................................................................................................................139old_function .................................................................................................................................................139Funciones variable.............................................................................................................................................139

13. Clases y Objetos....................................................................................................................................................141class ................................................................................................................................................................143

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14. References Explained............................................................................................................................................145What are References..........................................................................................................................................147What do References..........................................................................................................................................147What aren’t References.....................................................................................................................................147Returning References........................................................................................................................................147Unsetting References.........................................................................................................................................148Spotting the Reference......................................................................................................................................148

global References..................................................................................................................................148$this .......................................................................................................................................................148

III. Características ..............................................................................................................................................................14915. Manejando errores................................................................................................................................................14916. Creando imágenes GIF.........................................................................................................................................15317. Autentificación HTTP con PHP............................................................................................................................15718. Cookies.................................................................................................................................................................16119. El envío de archivos..............................................................................................................................................165

Envío de archivos con el método POST............................................................................................................167Errores comunes................................................................................................................................................167Envío de más de un archivo...............................................................................................................................167Soporte del método PUT...................................................................................................................................168

20. Usando archivos remotos......................................................................................................................................17121. Manejando conexiones..........................................................................................................................................17522. Conexiones persistentes a bases de datos.............................................................................................................179

IV. Referencia de las Funciones........................................................................................................................................183I. Funciones específicas de Apache............................................................................................................................183

apache_lookup_uri............................................................................................................................................185apache_note.......................................................................................................................................................185getallheaders......................................................................................................................................................185virtual ................................................................................................................................................................186

II. Funciones de matrices............................................................................................................................................187array...................................................................................................................................................................189array_count_values............................................................................................................................................189array_flip...........................................................................................................................................................189array_keys.........................................................................................................................................................190array_merge.......................................................................................................................................................190array_pad...........................................................................................................................................................191array_pop...........................................................................................................................................................191array_push.........................................................................................................................................................192array_reverse.....................................................................................................................................................192array_shift..........................................................................................................................................................193array_slice.........................................................................................................................................................193array_splice.......................................................................................................................................................194array_unshift......................................................................................................................................................195array_values.......................................................................................................................................................195array_walk.........................................................................................................................................................196arsort..................................................................................................................................................................196asort...................................................................................................................................................................197compact.............................................................................................................................................................197count..................................................................................................................................................................198current................................................................................................................................................................198each....................................................................................................................................................................199end.....................................................................................................................................................................200extract................................................................................................................................................................200in_array..............................................................................................................................................................201key.....................................................................................................................................................................201krsort..................................................................................................................................................................202

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ksort...................................................................................................................................................................202list ......................................................................................................................................................................202next....................................................................................................................................................................203pos.....................................................................................................................................................................203prev....................................................................................................................................................................204rango..................................................................................................................................................................204reset...................................................................................................................................................................204rsort....................................................................................................................................................................204shuffle................................................................................................................................................................205sizeof.................................................................................................................................................................205sort.....................................................................................................................................................................205uasort.................................................................................................................................................................206uksort.................................................................................................................................................................206usort...................................................................................................................................................................207

III. Funciones Ortográficas.........................................................................................................................................209aspell_new.........................................................................................................................................................211aspell_check......................................................................................................................................................211aspell_check-raw...............................................................................................................................................211aspell_suggest....................................................................................................................................................212

IV. Funciones matemáticas de precisión arbitraria.....................................................................................................213bcadd.................................................................................................................................................................215bccomp..............................................................................................................................................................215bcdiv..................................................................................................................................................................215bcmod................................................................................................................................................................215bcmul.................................................................................................................................................................215bcpow................................................................................................................................................................216bcscale...............................................................................................................................................................216bcsqrt.................................................................................................................................................................216bcsub..................................................................................................................................................................216

V. Bzip2 Compression Functions...............................................................................................................................217bzclose...............................................................................................................................................................219bzcompress........................................................................................................................................................219bzdecompress....................................................................................................................................................219bzerrno...............................................................................................................................................................220bzerror...............................................................................................................................................................220bzerrstr...............................................................................................................................................................220bzflush...............................................................................................................................................................221bzopen...............................................................................................................................................................221bzread................................................................................................................................................................221bzwrite...............................................................................................................................................................222

VI. Funciones de calendario.......................................................................................................................................223JDToGregorian..................................................................................................................................................225GregorianToJD..................................................................................................................................................225JDToJulian.........................................................................................................................................................225JulianToJD.........................................................................................................................................................225JDToJewish........................................................................................................................................................226JewishToJD........................................................................................................................................................226JDToFrench.......................................................................................................................................................226FrenchToJD.......................................................................................................................................................226JDMonthName..................................................................................................................................................226JDDayOfWeek...................................................................................................................................................227easter_date.........................................................................................................................................................227easter_days........................................................................................................................................................228

VII. CCVS API Functions..........................................................................................................................................229231

VIII. soporte de las funciones COM para Windows...................................................................................................233

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com_load...........................................................................................................................................................235com_invoke.......................................................................................................................................................235com_propget......................................................................................................................................................235com_get.............................................................................................................................................................235com_propput......................................................................................................................................................235com_propset......................................................................................................................................................235com_set..............................................................................................................................................................235

IX. Funciones de Clases/Objectos..............................................................................................................................237get_class_methods.............................................................................................................................................239get_class_vars....................................................................................................................................................239get_object_vars..................................................................................................................................................239method_exists....................................................................................................................................................239

X. Funciones de ClibPDF...........................................................................................................................................241cpdf_global_set_document_limits....................................................................................................................245cpdf_set_creator................................................................................................................................................245cpdf_set_title.....................................................................................................................................................245cpdf_set_subject................................................................................................................................................245cpdf_set_keywords............................................................................................................................................245cpdf_open..........................................................................................................................................................246cpdf_close..........................................................................................................................................................246cpdf_page_init...................................................................................................................................................246cpdf_finalize_page............................................................................................................................................246cpdf_finalize......................................................................................................................................................247cpdf_output_buffer............................................................................................................................................247cpdf_save_to_file...............................................................................................................................................247cpdf_set_current_page......................................................................................................................................247cpdf_begin_text.................................................................................................................................................248cpdf_end_text....................................................................................................................................................248cpdf_show.........................................................................................................................................................248cpdf_show_xy...................................................................................................................................................248cpdf_text............................................................................................................................................................249cpdf_set_font.....................................................................................................................................................249cpdf_set_leading................................................................................................................................................249cpdf_set_text_rendering....................................................................................................................................250cpdf_set_horiz_scaling......................................................................................................................................250cpdf_set_text_rise..............................................................................................................................................250cpdf_set_text_matrix.........................................................................................................................................250cpdf_set_text_pos..............................................................................................................................................250cpdf_set_char_spacing......................................................................................................................................251cpdf_set_word_spacing.....................................................................................................................................251cpdf_continue_text............................................................................................................................................251cpdf_stringwidth................................................................................................................................................251cpdf_save...........................................................................................................................................................251cpdf_restore.......................................................................................................................................................252cpdf_translate....................................................................................................................................................252cpdf_scale..........................................................................................................................................................252cpdf_rotate.........................................................................................................................................................252cpdf_setflat........................................................................................................................................................253cpdf_setlinejoin.................................................................................................................................................253cpdf_setlinecap..................................................................................................................................................253cpdf_setmiterlimit.............................................................................................................................................253cpdf_setlinewidth..............................................................................................................................................253cpdf_setdash......................................................................................................................................................254cpdf_moveto......................................................................................................................................................254cpdf_rmoveto.....................................................................................................................................................254cpdf_curveto......................................................................................................................................................254

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cpdf_lineto.........................................................................................................................................................255cpdf_rlineto.......................................................................................................................................................255cpdf_circle.........................................................................................................................................................255cpdf_arc.............................................................................................................................................................255cpdf_rect............................................................................................................................................................256cpdf_closepath...................................................................................................................................................256cpdf_stroke........................................................................................................................................................256cpdf_closepath_stroke.......................................................................................................................................256cpdf_fill .............................................................................................................................................................256cpdf_fill_stroke..................................................................................................................................................257cpdf_closepath_fill_stroke.................................................................................................................................257cpdf_clip............................................................................................................................................................257cpdf_setgray_fill................................................................................................................................................257cpdf_setgray_stroke...........................................................................................................................................258cpdf_setgray......................................................................................................................................................258cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill.........................................................................................................................................258cpdf_setrgbcolor_stroke....................................................................................................................................258cpdf_setrgbcolor................................................................................................................................................258cpdf_add_outline...............................................................................................................................................259cpdf_set_page_animation..................................................................................................................................259cpdf_import_jpeg..............................................................................................................................................260cpdf_place_inline_image..................................................................................................................................260cpdf_add_annotation.........................................................................................................................................260

XI. CURL, Client URL Library Functions.................................................................................................................261curl_init .............................................................................................................................................................263curl_setopt.........................................................................................................................................................263curl_exec...........................................................................................................................................................265curl_close..........................................................................................................................................................265curl_version.......................................................................................................................................................265

XII. Funciones de pago electrónico............................................................................................................................267cybercash_encr..................................................................................................................................................269cybercash_decr..................................................................................................................................................269cybercash_base64_encode.................................................................................................................................269cybercash_base64_decode.................................................................................................................................269

XIII. Character type functions....................................................................................................................................271ctype_alnum......................................................................................................................................................273ctype_alpha........................................................................................................................................................273ctype_cntrl.........................................................................................................................................................273ctype_digit.........................................................................................................................................................273ctype_lower.......................................................................................................................................................273ctype_graph.......................................................................................................................................................273ctype_print.........................................................................................................................................................273ctype_punct.......................................................................................................................................................274ctype_space.......................................................................................................................................................274ctype_upper.......................................................................................................................................................274ctype_xdigit.......................................................................................................................................................274

XIV. Funciones de la capa de abstraccion de bases de datos (dbm-style)..................................................................275dba_close...........................................................................................................................................................277dba_delete..........................................................................................................................................................277dba_exists..........................................................................................................................................................277dba_fetch...........................................................................................................................................................277dba_firstkey.......................................................................................................................................................278dba_insert..........................................................................................................................................................278dba_nextkey.......................................................................................................................................................278dba_popen.........................................................................................................................................................278dba_open...........................................................................................................................................................279

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dba_optimize.....................................................................................................................................................279dba_replace........................................................................................................................................................279dba_sync............................................................................................................................................................280

XV. Funciones de fecha y hora...................................................................................................................................281checkdate...........................................................................................................................................................283date....................................................................................................................................................................283getdate...............................................................................................................................................................284gettimeofday......................................................................................................................................................284gmdate...............................................................................................................................................................285gmmktime..........................................................................................................................................................285gmstrftime.........................................................................................................................................................285microtime..........................................................................................................................................................286mktime...............................................................................................................................................................286strftime..............................................................................................................................................................287time....................................................................................................................................................................288

XVI. Funciones para dBase........................................................................................................................................289dbase_create......................................................................................................................................................291dbase_open........................................................................................................................................................291dbase_close........................................................................................................................................................292dbase_pack........................................................................................................................................................292dbase_add_record..............................................................................................................................................292dbase_replace_record........................................................................................................................................292dbase_delete_record..........................................................................................................................................292dbase_get_record...............................................................................................................................................293dbase_get_record_with_names.........................................................................................................................293dbase_numfields................................................................................................................................................293dbase_numrecords.............................................................................................................................................293

XVII. Funciones dbm..................................................................................................................................................295dbmopen............................................................................................................................................................297dbmclose............................................................................................................................................................297dbmexists...........................................................................................................................................................297dbmfetch............................................................................................................................................................297dbminsert...........................................................................................................................................................297dbmreplace........................................................................................................................................................298dbmdelete..........................................................................................................................................................298dbmfirstkey........................................................................................................................................................298dbmnextkey.......................................................................................................................................................298dblist..................................................................................................................................................................299

XVIII. dbx functions...................................................................................................................................................301dbx_close...........................................................................................................................................................303dbx_connect......................................................................................................................................................303dbx_error...........................................................................................................................................................304dbx_query..........................................................................................................................................................304dbx_sort.............................................................................................................................................................306dbx_cmp_asc.....................................................................................................................................................306dbx_cmp_desc...................................................................................................................................................307

XIX. Funciones con directorios..................................................................................................................................309chdir...................................................................................................................................................................311dir ......................................................................................................................................................................311closedir..............................................................................................................................................................311opendir...............................................................................................................................................................311readdir................................................................................................................................................................311rewinddir...........................................................................................................................................................312

XX. Funciones de DOM XML...................................................................................................................................313xmldoc...............................................................................................................................................................315xmldocfile..........................................................................................................................................................315

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xmltree...............................................................................................................................................................315XXI. Error Handling and Logging Functions.............................................................................................................317

error_log............................................................................................................................................................319error_reporting..................................................................................................................................................320restore_error_handler........................................................................................................................................320set_error_handler...............................................................................................................................................320trigger_error......................................................................................................................................................322user_error..........................................................................................................................................................323

XXII. Funciones filePro..............................................................................................................................................325filepro ................................................................................................................................................................327filepro_fieldname...............................................................................................................................................327filepro_fieldtype................................................................................................................................................327filepro_fieldwidth..............................................................................................................................................327filepro_retrieve..................................................................................................................................................327filepro_fieldcount..............................................................................................................................................327filepro_rowcount...............................................................................................................................................328

XXIII. Funciones del sistema de ficheros...................................................................................................................329basename...........................................................................................................................................................331chgrp..................................................................................................................................................................331chmod................................................................................................................................................................331chown................................................................................................................................................................332clearstatcache....................................................................................................................................................332copy...................................................................................................................................................................332delete.................................................................................................................................................................333dirname..............................................................................................................................................................333diskfreespace.....................................................................................................................................................333fclose.................................................................................................................................................................333feof ....................................................................................................................................................................334fgetc...................................................................................................................................................................334fgetcsv...............................................................................................................................................................334fgets...................................................................................................................................................................335fgetss..................................................................................................................................................................335file......................................................................................................................................................................336file_exists...........................................................................................................................................................336fileatime.............................................................................................................................................................336filectime.............................................................................................................................................................336filegroup.............................................................................................................................................................337fileinode.............................................................................................................................................................337filemtime............................................................................................................................................................337fileowner............................................................................................................................................................337fileperms............................................................................................................................................................337filesize................................................................................................................................................................338filetype...............................................................................................................................................................338flock...................................................................................................................................................................338fopen..................................................................................................................................................................339fpassthru............................................................................................................................................................340fputs...................................................................................................................................................................340fread...................................................................................................................................................................340fseek..................................................................................................................................................................340ftell ....................................................................................................................................................................341fwrite .................................................................................................................................................................341set_file_buffer....................................................................................................................................................341is_dir..................................................................................................................................................................342is_executable.....................................................................................................................................................342is_file.................................................................................................................................................................342is_link................................................................................................................................................................342

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is_readable.........................................................................................................................................................343is_writeable.......................................................................................................................................................343link.....................................................................................................................................................................343linkinfo ..............................................................................................................................................................343mkdir .................................................................................................................................................................344pclose.................................................................................................................................................................344popen.................................................................................................................................................................344readfile...............................................................................................................................................................345readlink..............................................................................................................................................................345rename...............................................................................................................................................................345rewind................................................................................................................................................................345rmdir..................................................................................................................................................................346stat.....................................................................................................................................................................346lstat....................................................................................................................................................................347symlink..............................................................................................................................................................347tempnam............................................................................................................................................................347touch..................................................................................................................................................................348umask................................................................................................................................................................348unlink.................................................................................................................................................................348

XXIV. Funciones Forms Data Format (Formato de Datos de Formularios)..............................................................351fdf_open............................................................................................................................................................353fdf_close............................................................................................................................................................353fdf_create...........................................................................................................................................................353fdf_save.............................................................................................................................................................354fdf_get_value.....................................................................................................................................................354fdf_set_value.....................................................................................................................................................354fdf_next_field_name..........................................................................................................................................354fdf_set_ap..........................................................................................................................................................355fdf_set_status.....................................................................................................................................................355fdf_get_status....................................................................................................................................................355fdf_set_file.........................................................................................................................................................355fdf_get_file........................................................................................................................................................356

XXV. Funciones FTP..................................................................................................................................................357ftp_connect........................................................................................................................................................359ftp_login............................................................................................................................................................359ftp_pwd..............................................................................................................................................................359ftp_cdup.............................................................................................................................................................359ftp_chdir............................................................................................................................................................359ftp_mkdir...........................................................................................................................................................359ftp_rmdir............................................................................................................................................................360ftp_nlist..............................................................................................................................................................360ftp_rawlist..........................................................................................................................................................360ftp_systype........................................................................................................................................................360ftp_pasv.............................................................................................................................................................360ftp_get................................................................................................................................................................361ftp_fget..............................................................................................................................................................361ftp_put..............................