MANUAL

A REDUCTION METHOD FOR RADIATOR REPAIR WASTE

INSTRUCTIONS TO HANDLE SLUDGE FROM ULTRASONIC HEATED RADIATOR BOIL-OUT TANKS

b y Arlin Debele

President and Owner Cloquet Radiator Repair

1017 Cloquet Avenue Cloquet, Minnesota 55720

Consul tan t Vance G. Leak, Scientist

Natural Resources Research Institute 5013 Miller Trunk Highway Duluth, Minnesota 5581 1

2 1 8 - 7 2 0 - 4 2 6 0

January 1990

This project was funded by an award from:

Minnesota Office of Waste Management 1350 Energy Lane St. Paul, Minnesota 55108

Program Manager:

Julie MacKenz ie , Coordinator Indus. Waste Reduction Grant Prog. Minnesota Office of Waste Mgmt. 1350 Energy Lane St. Paul, Minnesota 55108

INTRODUCTION

The importance of reducing industrial waste in order to lessen the risk to the

environment, and public health and safety, is generally accepted throughout

industry. It is also recognized that waste reduction should be an integral part of

the manufacturing or processing operation.

Waste reduction measures are enhanced by utilizing by-products that result

from industrial processes and currently enter the waste stream or are disposed

of by an improper management method. This project was developed not only to

assist small-sized radiator repair shops to reduce the amount of hazardous waste

generated from the caustic boil-out operation but also to develop a process to

condition these solutions into high quality synthetic lead concentrates for the

secondary lead smelting industry. The primary benefit to the radiator repair

industry will be to lessen disposal, treatment, and other associated waste

management costs. The overall benefit is conceived to return this "scrap lead" to

normal commodities of lead and lead alloys. The successful implementation of

the processes developed in this project by the radiator repair industry should

provide a significant step toward wise use and proper management of resources

with added economic benefit to the industry itself.

This manual has been developed to provide a step-by-step process to

separate the liquid and sludge from a typical ultrasonic, caustic radiator boil-out

tank operation. Both the separation and preparation steps for shipment to a

hazardous waste facility or secondary lead smelter (resmelter) are included. It

is standard shop practice to clean the ultrasonic tank on a weekly basis to avoid

"blinding" the ultrasonic transducers beneath the tank and maintain the high

ultrasonic cleaning efficiency of the unit. While the caustic liquid may be

returned for continued use as the cleaning bath, t he sludge contains a high

concentration of lead and other metals and must be handled according to

regulations for a hazardous waste.

The manual is condensed from a detailed report, Metal Recovery as Synthetic

Concentrates f rom Automot ive Radiator Boil-Out Solutions.1 laboratory

experimentation, and actual shop practice as developed in cooperation with

Cloquet Radiator Repair, Cloquet, Minnesota; Natural Resources Research

Institute, Duluth, Minnesota; and the Minnesota Office of Waste Management, St.

Paul, Minnesota. In addition to the step-by-step processing procedures, a "List

of Suggested Specialty Equipment, Supplies, and Suppliers" and a "Glossary of

Technical Terms" a re included to assist the small-sized radiator shop in

procurement and setting up the processing equipment.

ILeak, Vance G., Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Report NRRI/CARTD-TR-89-01

i i

INSTRUCTIONS TO HANDLE SLUDGE FROM STAINLESS STEEL RADIATOR BOIL-OUT TANKS

The technology described in this manual was specifically developed using a

five-gallon, sealable plastic pail as the collection, reaction, and shipment

container. This insures the weight of each unit is less than one hundred pounds

and can be handled without hoists or special lifting equipment. If a 30 or 55

gallon polyethylene barrel was used for the process, the final weight of the

product could be in the range of 600-1000 lbs. Most small-sized radiator shops

are not equipped to safely handle containers of this weight. For a larger

operation, equipped with suitable handling and hoisting equipment, the process

can be readily scaled-up for the larger 30 or 55 gallon plastic barrels. The steps

of the developed process are as follows:

1. Empty out and wash down all contents of the stainless steel boil-out tank

into metal pails (non-galvanized, welded-seam, mild steel construction).

Allow these pails to cool and settle for several days (over the weekend,

if possible.

After this settling period (Monday morning), the top liquid can be

returned to the boil-out tank. Carefully pour off the top liquid from each

pail back into the stainless steel boil-out tank. Save the muddy liquid

and sludge from the bottom of each pail. About one-quarter of each pail

will be the sludge/liquid that cannot be returned to the boil-out tank.

Combine . these cool sludge/liquids into one five-gallon, heavy-duty plastic

pail. The sludge/liquid saved from four or five pails of hot caustic tank

solution will yield about one five-gallon pail of sludge/liquid.

Cover this plastic pail of sludgefliquid and allow to settle undisturbed for

approximately one to two weeks. After two weeks, a considerable

~ amount of clarified (but coffee-colored) liquid will have formed at the top

Carefully draw off this clarified top liquid using a small pump

2.

3 .

4.

of the pail.

iii

5 .

6 .

7 .

8.

with a clear, caustic-resistant 'TYGON' tube attached. Stop pumping when

any fine particles of sludge are drawn up the tube. Extra care at this

point will provide a sharp separation between the top liquid and sludge.

This will minimize the amount of sludge that must be handled as a

hazardous waste.

Return this coffee-colored top liquid to the stainless steel' boil-out tank.

This is a "good" solution and will save both the cost of new caustic powder

for makeup solution and the cost of hazardous waste disposal.

Set the pail of sludgebiquid saved from this previous separation step in a

larger tub or pail to contain any spillage f rom the sodium sulfide

precipitation process to follow.

.Add about four (4) cups of flake sodium sulfide to the pail of

sludge/liquid and mix thoroughly for about five ( 5 ) minutes with a heavy-

d u t y portable 3/8-inch electric drill motor equipped with an 1 8 to 24

inch paint stirrer/extension combination. The dissolved sodium sulfide

will combine with the dissolved lead and other heavy metals in th is

sludge/liquid. (Caution: Do not allow the sodium sulfide into the caustic

boil-out tank. This may cause a black stain to deposit onto the clean

copper and brass radiators.)

When the sodium sulfide is fully dissolved, the pail and contents should

be covered with a secure lid and allowed to settle undisturbed for several

days.After the sodium sulfide addition and sett l ing, t he heavy metal

sulfides have precipitated to the bottom of the pail. This will leave about

three-quarters of a pail of clarified, coffee-colored liquid that can easily

be siphoned off for disposal.

iv

9. Dip a strip of lead ace ate

observe the color change.

est paper into the clarified top liquid and

If the white paper turns an opaque dark

brown-black color, most of the lead and other heavy metals have been

stripped out of the solution and the process may proceed to step 11.

(Skip instruction No. 10).

If the test paper only seems to be wet from the coffee-colored liquid, go

back to step Number 7 and repeat steps 7-9. (NOTE: The coffee-colored

top liquid will give a transparent light brown or tan-stained on the white

test paper. It must be a heavy dark brown-black stain to be a positive

test.)

Carefully siphon off the clarified top liquid into another pail or drum.

This liquid should now be stripped of the heavy metals (lead, copper,

zinc) and may be sewerable in some municipalities. The local waste-

water treatment authorities must be consulted for certification to do so.

If the heavy black metallic sulfide precipitate fills less than three-

quarters of the plastic pail, add dry peat until the pail is almost full. The

dry peat will fully dewater the wet sulfide concentrates for proper

handling at a secondary smelter. Using the electric drill motor and

stirrer, blend the dry peat into the wet metallic sulfide concentrates

(three to f ive minutes) until it is the consistency of a heavy paste.

Additional dry peat may be required in order to attain the heavy paste

10.

11.

12.

consis tency.

Set these pails aside for several days to allow the water to fully absorb

into the dry peat. After several days there may be some separation and

standing liquid. If so, add more dry peat and stidblend to the heavy

paste consistency again. Repeat this process until no more liquid

1 3 .

. separates after several days standing.

V

14.

Note:

Seal the pails and prepare for shipment to a licensed hazardous waste

facil i ty. or lead resmelter, licensed to receive and recycle the lead values

from these metallic sulfide concentrates.

This process is currently under consideration by the Minnesota Pollution Con t ro l Agency to deve lop t h e necessary p rocess permit t ing requirements. Each Minnesota radiator repair shop should check with the Minnesota Pollu tion Control Agency for applicable permits.

I ?

. I

LIST OF SUGGESTED SPECIALTY EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES, AND SUPPLIERS

1. LEAD ACETATE TEST PAPER STRIPS

FISHER SCIENTIFIC 1600 West Glenlake Avenue Itasca, IL 60143

Phone: 1 (800) 942-4543

ITEM NO. 14-862 COST: $10-15

CMS (Curtin Matheson Scientific, Inc.) 7677 Equitable Drive Eden Prairie, h4N 55344

Phone: (612) 934-1793 1 (800) 328-4523

ITEM NO. 500-595

2. SODIUM SULFIDE (Na2S)

50 lb. Bulk Bags, Flake, Technical Grade COST: $25-35 PER BAG

ARROWHEAD CHEMICALS, INC. 2026 Winter Street Superior, WI 54880

Phone: (715) 392-5121

HAWKINS CHEMICAL, INC. 3100 Hennepin Avenue East Minneapolis, MN 5541 4

Phone: (612) 331-6910

v i i

3. CHEMICAL RESISTANT PERISTALTIC PUMP ASSEMBLY

COLE-PARMER INSTRUMENTS CO. 7425 North Oak Park Avenue Chicago, IL 60648

Phone: 1 (800) 323-4340

ITEM NO. N-07531-00

MasterFlex FIXED-SPEED DRIVE 575 rpm COST: $200-250

ITEM NO. N-07018-20 (SIZE 18)

MasterFlex Standard Pump Head COST: $60-75

(LEXAN Polycarbonate Housing, CRS Rotor)

ITEM NO. N-06409-18 (Size 18)

TYGON (R-3603) Laboratory Tubing COST: $50-60/pk

(Compatible with Cold Concentrated Sodium Hydroxide Solutions)

4. S T I R R E R h M P E L L E R (18-inch)

FISHER SCIENTIFIC 1600 W. Glenlake Avenue ITASCA, IL 60143

Phone: 1 (800) 942-4543

ITEM NO. 14-501 -20 STIRRERDWELLER (1 &inch) COST: $20-25

viii

5 . PLASTIC FIVE-GALLON PAILS/with COVER

Consolidated Plastics Company, Inc. 1864 Enterprise Parkway Twinsbury, Ohio 44087

Phone: 1 (800) 321-1980

Lab Safety Supply, Inc. P.O. Box 1368 Janesville, WI 53547

Phone: 1 (800) 356-0783

6. DRY PEAT

*This must be the "dry" pulverized peat obtainable at many lawn and garden stores. This cannot be "POTTING SOIL", which is a mixture of peat, mineral soil, perlite beads, and other materials blended as a growing mixture. This cannot be the "SPHAGNUM MOSS" which has long, stringy fibers much like raw wool or baled cotton. The long fibers will interfere with the mixing action of the electric drill motor/impeller as stated in instruction No. 12.

TYPICAL SYSTEM TOTAL COST: $500-550

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3 .

4 .

5 .

6 .

7.

8.

9 .

i o .

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS

%?lomerat ion.

c lar i f icat ion.

suspended and colloidal matter.

col loid.

from 0.2 micron to 0.005 micron which when mixed with a liquid will

not settle, but remain permanently suspended; and the colloidal

suspension thus formed has properties that are quite different from the

simple, solid-liquid mixture or a solution.

decanta t ion .

pouring off the liquid without disturbing the solids on the bottom.

f loccule .

precipitated from a liquid.

f locculent. Resembling wool, therefore, wooly. Coalescing and adhering

in flocks.

precipi ta t ion.

solution by forming an amorphous or crystalline solid that may settle to

the bottom.

quasi- .

thing.

quiescent .

reactants .

contact with another substance.

The action or process of collecting into a mass.

The cleaning of dirty or turbid liquids by the removal of

A substance composed of extremely small particles, ranging

The settlement of a solid i n a liquid followed by carefully

A small loosely aggregated mass of material suspended in or

A cloudlike mass of precipitate in a solution.

The process of separating mineral constituents from a

Having some resemblance, some sense or degree to a given

Motionless, in a state of inactivity or repose.

A substance which undergoes chemical change when i n

X

I

APPENDIX I1

U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY EXTRACTION PROCEDURE TOXICITY REGULATIONS

2.1.4 E x t r a c t i o n Procedure T o x i c i t y

I n t r o d u c t i o n

The E x t r a c t i o n Procedure (EP) i s designed t o s imulate the leach ing a . waste w i l l undergo if disposed of i n a s a n i t a r y l a n d f i l l . designed t o s imu la te leaching t h a t takes p lace i n a s a n i t a r y l a n d f i l l only. ex t rac ted w i th d i s t i l l e d water maintained a t a pH o f 5 us ing a c e t i c ac id . The e x t r a c t obta ined f rom t h e EP ( the "EP E x t r a c t " ) i s then analyzed t o determine i f any o f the thresholds es tab l i shed f o r the e i g h t elements (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, s i l v e r ) , f o u r pes t fc ides (Endrin, Lindane, Methowchlor , Toxaphene), and two h e r b i c i d e s (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic a c i d ) have been exceeded. an amount equal t o o r exceeding t h e l e v e l s s p e c i f i e d i n 40 CFR 261.24, the waste possesses t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f E x t r a c t i o n Procedure T o x i c i t y and i s a hazardous waste.

This t e s t i s

It i s a labora tory t e s t i n which a representa t ive sample o f a waste i s

I f t h e EP E x t r a c t contains any one o f t h e above substances i n

Summary o f Procedure

The E x t r a c t i o n Procedure cons is ts of f i v e s teps ( r e f e r t o F i g u r e 1):

1. Separation Procedure

A waste conta in ing unbound l i q u i d i s f i l t e r e d and i f the s o l i d phase i s less than 0.5% o f t h e waste, t h e s o l i d phase i s d iscarded and the f i l t r a t e analyzed f o r t r a c e elements, pes t ic ides , and h e r b i c i d e s (step 5). i s ex t rac ted and t h e l i q u i d phase s t o r e d for l a t e r use.

I f t h e waste contains more than 0.5% s o l i d s , the s o l i d phase

2. S t r u c t u r a l I n t e g r i t y Procedure/Par t ic le S i z e Reduction

P r i o r t o e x t r a c t i o n , t h e s o l i d m a t e r i a l must pass through a 9.5-mm (0.375-in ) standard sieve, have a surface area per gram o f waste

S t r u c t u r a l I n t e g r i t y Procedure. The S t r u c t u r a l I n t e g r i t y Procedure i s used t o demonstrate the a b i l i t y o f t h e waste t o remain i n t a c t a f t e r disposal. I f the waste does not meet one o f these cond i t ions i t must be ground t o pass the 9.5-mm sieve.

o f 3.1 cm 2 , or , i f i t cons is ts o f a s i n g l e piece, be subjected t o t h e

3. E x t r a c t i o n o f S o l i d M a t e r i a l

The s o l i d mater ia l from step 2 i s e x t r a c t e d f o r 24 h r i n an aqueous medium whose pH i s maintained a t o r below 5 us ing 0.5 N a c e t i c acid. The pH i s maintained e i t h e r au tomat ica l l y o r manually. ( I n a c i d i f y i n g t o pH 5, no more than 4.0 g o f a c i d s o l u t i o n per g of m a t e r i a l being e x t r a c t e d may be used.) .

11-1

2 / CHARACTERISTICS - EP T o x i c i t y

Wst Waste Sample Cqntrins > 0.6% Nonfilterable

Representative Wet Waste Sample Corrtains < 0.6% Waste Sample Non fil tarable ? ' > 100 Grams Solids

4 L Solids

Dry Waste Srnple

Uquld Solid Separation

Solid I- * Solid liquid Solid Separation

j_ Discard

Liquid ' +

Partide Size

< 9 .5" Monolithic > 0.5mm

of Solid Waste

Structural Integrity P roceduce

U du id

Store at 4Oc a t p H = 2

Solid Liquid Solid Separation

Discard Liquid

EP Extract i ___1c_L7 Analysis Methods

Figure 1. Extraction Procedure Flowchart.

11-2

Introduction; Regulatory D e f l n l t l o n / 3

4. Final Separation of the Extractlon from the Remalnlng Solld

After extraction, the 1iquld:solid r a t lo Is adjusted t o 2O:l and t h e mixed sol I d and extractlon llquld a re separated by f l l tratlon. the so l ld I s dlscarded and the l l q u l d comblned w l t h any f l l t r a t e obtalned In s t e p 1. threshold l l s t ed I n Table 1 of 40 CFR 261.24.

Thls I s the EP Extract tha t I s analyzed and compared t o the

5. T e s t i n g (Analysis) of EP Extract

Inorganlc and organlc species a re ldentlfled and quantified uslng the approprlate methods I n the 7000 and 8000 ser les of methods I n t h l s manual,

Regu 1 a t ory Def I n I t 1 on

approprlate t e s t methods descrlbed I n t h l s manual or equlvalent methods approved by t he Admlnlstrator under the procedures se t forth I n 40 CFR 260.20 and 260.21, the extract from a representative sample of the waste contalns any of the contamlnants l l s ted I n Table 1 a t a concentration equal t o or greater than the respectlve value glven I n t h a t Table. less than 0.5% f i l t e r ab le solids, the waste I t s e l f , a f t e r f l l t e r lng , Is considered t o be the extract f o r the purposes of analysls.

A so l ld waste exhlblts the characterlst lc of EP toxlcl ty I f , u s ing the

If a waste contains

A so l ld waste t h a t exhibits the character ls t lc of EP toxicity, b u t i s not l l s t e d as a hazardous waste I n Subpart 0, Is asslgned €PA Hazardous Waste Numbers that'correspond t o the toxlc contaminants causing i t to be hazardous. These numbers are specified in-Table 1.

11-3

METHOD 1310

EXTRACTION PROCEDURE (EP) T O X I C I T Y TEST METHOD AND STRUCTURAL I N T E G R I T Y TEST

!

1.0 Scope and App l ica t ion

t o s imulate t h e leachfng a waste w i l l undergo i f disposed of f n an improper ly designed s a n i t a r y l a n d f i l l . mult lphasic.samples.

1.1 The e x t r a c t i o n procedure (EP) descr ibed i n t h i s method i s designed

Method 1310 i s app l i cab le t o l i q u i d , s o l i d , and

2.0 Sumnary of Method

2.1 If a representat ve sample o f t h e waste conta ins more than 0.5% s o l i d s , the s o l i d phase o f t h e sample i s ex t rac ted with de ion ized water which I s maintained a t a pH o f 5 + 0.2 us ing a c e t i c acid. t o determine i f any o f the n r e s h o l d l i m i t s l i s t e d i n Table 1 a r e exceeded. Table 1 a l s o spec i f les the approved method o f analysis. l e s s than 0.5% s o l i d s a re no t subjected t o ex t rac t ion , but are d i r e c t l y

*analyzed and-evaluated i n a manner i d e n t i c a l t o t h a t o f ex t rac ts .

The e x t r a c t i s analyzed

Wastes that conta in

3.0 Interferences

3.1 Poten t ia l in te r fe rences t h a t may be encountered d u r i n g ana lys is are discussed i n t h e i n d i v i d u a l a n a l y t i c a l methods referenced i n Table 1.

4.0 Apparatus and M a t e r i a l s

4.1 Ext ractor : For purposes o f t h i s t e s t , an acceptable e x t r a c t o r i s one t h a t w i l l impart s u f f i c i e n t a g i t a t i o n t o t h e m i x t u r e t o (1) prevent s t r a t i f i c a t i o n o f t h e sample and e x t r a c t i o n f l u i d and (2 ) ensure that a l l sample surfaces a r e cont inuously brought i n t o contact w i t h well-mixed ex t rac- t i o n f l u i d . Examples o f s u i t a b l e e x t r a c t o r s a re shown i n F igures 1-3 o f t h i s method and Sect ion 2.2 ( M o b i l i t y ) o f t h i s manual and a r e a v a i l a b l e from Associated Designs & Manufactur ing Co., Alexandr ia, V i r g i n i a ; Glas-Col Apparatus Co., Terre Haute, Indiana; M i l l i p o r e , Bedford, Massachusetts; and Rexnard, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

i s a possfble source o f a pH c o n t r o l l e r ) .

f i l t e r membrane and ab le t o wi thstand t h e pressure needed t o accomplish separation.

pressure. The type o f f i l t e r ho lder used depends upon t h e p r o p e r t i e s of the mix ture t o be f i l t e r e d . F i l t e r holders known t o EPA and deemed s u i t a b l e f o r use are l i s t e d i n Table 2.

4.2 pH Meter o r pH C o n t r o l l e r (Chemtrix, Inc., H i l l s b o r o , Oregon

4.3 F i l t e r holder: A f i l t e r ho lder capable o f suppor t ing a 0.45-p

Sui tab le f i l t e r holders range from simple va uum u n i t s t o r e l a t i v e l y complex systems that can exer t up t o 5.3 kg/cm 5 ( 7 5 p s i ) o f

R e v i s e d 4 / 8 4

11-4

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1310 / 2

TABLE 1. WX IMUM CONCENTRATION OF CON TAMINANTS FOR CHARACTERISTIC OF EP T O X I C I T Y

Max I mum

Contaminant concentration A n a l y t ica 1

( m s / l ) ' method

Arsenic

Barium

Cadmium

Total Chromfum

Hexavalent Chromium

Lead

Mercury

Selenium

S i 1 ver

Endrin (1,2,3 ,' , lo, 10-Hexachloro-1 7-epoxy-l,4,sa,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-l 4-endo, end0-5~8-dimethanonaph- t h a l ene)

Hexachlorocyclohexane, gama isomer)

( p -met h oxyp heny 1 )ethane )

Lindane (1,2,3,4,5,6-

Methoxychlor (1,l , 1-Tr ich l oro-2,Z-bis

Toxaphene (C10HloC18, Techni ca 1 ch lo r i na ted camphene, 67-693 c h l o r i n e )

2,4-0 (2,4-Di c h l orophenoxyacet i c ac id )

2,4,5-TP (S i l vex ) (2,4,5- Trichlorophenoxypropionic acid)

5.0

100.0

1.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

0.2

1.0

5.0

0.02

0.4

10.0

0.5

10.0

1 .o

7060, 7061

7080, 7081

7130, 7131

7190, 7191

7195, 7196, 7197

7420, 7421

7470

7740, 7741

7760, 7761

8080

8080

8080

8080

8150

81 50

11-5

1310 / 3

-Clogging Suppon Bushing

IO Hor'izontrl

Figure 1. Extractor.

11-6

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'1310 / 4

11-7

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L - X w t m 0 d

1310 / 6

4.4 F l l t e c membrane: filter membrane s u f t a b l e f o r conductln the requ i red f l l t r a t l o n s h a l l be fabr fcated from a ma te r la l which: p h y s i c a l l y changed by t h e waste-mater la l t o be f i l t e r e d , and (2) does -

no t absorb o r leach the chemlcal specles f o r which a waste's EP Ex t rac t will be analyzed. found t o be s u l t a b l e f o r s o l l d waste tes t ing .

(17 IS not

Table 3 l f s t s f i l t e r media known t o the agency and genera l ly

I n cases o f doubt, contact t he f i l t e r manufacturer t o determine i f the membrane or the p r e f i l t e r a re adversely a f fec ted by t he p a r t i c u l a r waste. . I f no In format ion I s ava i lab le , submerge the f i l t e r i n t h e waste's l i q u i d phase. undergoes v i s i b l e phys lca l change (I . e . , cur ls, d isso lves, shr inks, or swel ls ) i s unsu i tab le f o r use.

4.4.1

A f t e r 48 hr, a f i l t e r t h a t

TABLE 2. EPA-APPROVED FILTER HOLDERS

Ma nu f a c t u re r S I ze Model. No. Comments

Vacuum F i 1 t e r s

Na 1 gene 500 m l 44-0045 Disposable p l a s t i c u n i t , 3ncl udes pre f 1.1 t e r and f i l t e r pads, and reservo i r ; should be used when s o l u t i o n i s . t o be analyzed f o r Inorgan ic const i tuents

Nucl epore 47 mm 41 0400

M i 11 i po re 47 mm X X l O 047 00

Pressure F i 1 t e r s

Nucl epore 142 mm 425900

Mic ro F i l t r a t i o n 142 mm 302300 Systems

Mi 11 i p o r e 142 rnm YT30 142 HW

11-9

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1310 / 7

TABLE 3. EPA-APPROVED FILTRATION MEDIA

'Filter'to be'used F i l t e r t o be used Supplier for aqueous systems fo r organic systems

Coarse Pref 11 t e r

Gel man 61631, a1635 61631, 61635

210.907, .211707

AP25'035 00, AP25 127 50

210907, 211707 Nucl epore

Mi 11 ipore AP25 035 00, AP25 127 50

Medium pref 11 t e r s

Nucl epore

Mi 11 1pore

210905; ,211705

"20 035 00, b20 124 '50

21 0905, '2 11 7 0 5

.AP20 ..035 00, AP20 124 50

Fine pref i 1 t e r s

Gel man 64798, 64803 64798, 64803

Nuclepore 210903, 211703 210903, 211703

Mi 11 ipore AP15 035 00, AP15 124 50

AP15 035 00, AP15 124 50

Fine f i l t e r s (0.45 pn)

Gel man 60173, 60177 60540 or 66149, 60544 or 66151

Pal 1 NX04750, NX14225

Nuclepore 142218 142218a

Mi 11 ipore HAWP 047 00, HAWP 142 50

FHUP 047 00, FHLP 142 50

Sel as 83485-02, 83485-02, 83486 -02 83486-02

aSusceptible t o decomposition by certain polar organic solvents.

11-10

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4.4.2.1 Prepare a standard s o l u t i o n of the chemical species o f i n t e r e s t .

4.4i2.2 Analyze t h e standard f o r I t s concentrat ion of t h e . chemlcal species.

4.4.2.3 F l l t e r t he s tandard and re-analyze. t f the concen- t r a t l o n o f t h e f i l t r a t e d i f f e r s from t h e o r i g l n a l standard, t h e f i l t e r membrane leach,es o r absorbs one or more o f t h e cnemical species .

4.5 S t r u c t u r a l I n t e g r i t y tes te r : W i n g a 3.18-cm (1.25-in;) diameter hammer welghing 0.33 k g (0.73 l b ) and having a f ree f a l l of 15.24 cm (6 i n . ) s h a l l be used. This device i s a v a i l a b l e fkom Associated Design and Manufac- t u r i n g Company, Alexandria, VA 22314, as P a r t No. 125, o r i t may be f a b r i - ca ted t o meet t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n s shown i n F igu re 4.

5.0 Reagents

- 5.1 Deionized wate'r: Water should be moni tored f o r Impurities.

5.2 0.5 N a c e t i c acid: Th is can be made by d i l u t i n g concentrated g l a c i a l a c e t i c a c i d (17.5 N). p u r i t y and moni tored f o r impur i t i es .

The g l a c i a l a c e t i c a c i d should be o f h igh

5.3 A n a l y t i c a l standards should be prepared acco rd ing , to the a n a l y t i c a l methods re fe renced i n Table 1.

6.0 Sampl e Col 1 e c t i on, Preserva t ion and Hand1 i ng

6.1 A l l samples must be c o l l e c t e d us ing a sampling p lan tha t addresses t h e cons idera t ions discussed i n Section One o f t h i s manual.

6.2 Preservat ives must n o t be added t o samples.

6.3 Samples can be r e f r i g e r a t e d i f i t i s determined t h a t r e f r i g e r a t i o n w i l l no t a f f e c t t h e i n t e g r i t y o f t h e sample.

7.0 Procedure

7.1 I f the waste does not con ta in any f r e e l i q u i d , go t o Section 7.9. I f t h e sample i s l i q u i d o r mult iphase, continue as fo l lows. Weigh f i l t e r membrane and p r e f i l t e r t o +0.01 9. b l u n t c u r v e d - t i p forceps 07 vacuum tweezers, or by app ly ing suct ion w i t h a p i p e t t e .

Handle membrane and p r e f i l t e r s w i t h

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Combined

3 3 kg (.73 Ib) - Wtignt

I 3.3 a 1 * (1.3")

Elmomeric sample holder fabricated of marerial firm enough to S U D D O ~ t h e sample.

Figure 4. Compacrion t e n e r 11-12

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7.2 Assemble f i l t e r ho lde r , membranes, and p r e f i l t e r s fo l l ow ing t h e

00 not prewet manufacturer 's i n s t r u c t i o n s . screen and add p r e f i l t e r s i n ascending order of pore s ize. f i 1 t e r membrane.

Place the 0.45-pm membrane on the support

7.3 Weigh out a representa t lve subsample of the waste (lo0 g mlnimum),

7.4 A l low s l u r r i e s t o s tand t o permit the s o l i d phase t o s e t t l e .

Wet the f i l t e r with a small p o r t i o n o f the waste's or e x t r a c t i o n m ix tu re ' s l i q u i d phase. and app ly vacuum or gent le pressure (10-15 p s i ) u n t i l a11 l i q u i d passes through the f i l t e r . Stop f i l t r a t i o n when a i r or p r e s s u r i z i n g gas moves through the membrane. pressure, s l o w l y increase the pressure i n 10-psi increments t o 75 ps i . f i l t r a t i o n when l i q u i d f low stops. o f t h e e x t r a c t ( r e f e r t o Sect ion 7.16). u n t i l t ime o f ana lys is .

Wastes t h a t s e t t l e s lowly may be cent r i fuged p r i o r t o f i l t r a t i o n .

7.5 Trans fer the remaining mater ia l t o the f i l t e r holder

If t h i s p o i n t i s not reached under vacuum or g e n t l e

The l i q u i d should be r e f r i g e r a t e d

H a l t This l i q u i d w i l l c o n s t i t u t e p a r t or a l l

NOTE: O i l samples or samples which contain o i l a re t rea ted i n e x a c t l y the same way as any o the r sample. The l i q u i d p o r t i o n o f the sample i s f i l t e r e d and t r e a t e d as p a r t o f the EP e x t r a c t . the sample w i l l not f i l t e r ( t h i s i s usua l l y t h e case w i t h heavy o i l s o r greases) i t i s c a r r i e d th rough the EP e x t r a c t i o n as a sol id.

I f t h e l i q u i d p o r t i o n o f

7.6 Remove t h e s o l i d phase and f i l t e r media and, w h i l e not a l l ow ing i t t o dry, weight t o +0.01 g. c a l c u l a t i n g t h e weyght d i f f e r e n c e between t h e weight o f t h e f i l t e r s (Sect ion 7.1) and t h e weight o f the s o l i d phase and t h e f i l t e r media.

The wet weight of the residue . i s determined by

7.7 The waste w i l l be handled d i f f e r e n t l y from t h i s p o i n t on depending on whether i t conta ins more o f l e s s than 0.5% s o l i d s . I f the sample appears t o have l e s s than 0.5% so l ids , t h e percent s o l i d s w i l l be determined by the f o l l o w i n g procedure.

7..7.1 Dry the f i l t e r and residue a t 80' C u n t i l two successive weighings y i e l d t h e same value.

7.7.2 Ca lcu la te the percent s o l i d s using t h e f o l l o w i n g equation:

weight o f f i l t e r e d - ta red weight

i n i t i a l weight o f w a s t e mater ia l s o l i d and f i l t e r s O f x 100 = % Sol ids

NOTE: This procedure i s on l y used t o determine whether the s o l i d must be ex t rac ted or whether i t can be discarded unextracted. I t

Revised 4/84

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I

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i s n o t used i n c a l c u l a t i n g the amount o f w a t e r o r a c i d t o use i n the e x t r a c t i o n step. d r i e d a t 80' C. if a percent s o l i d s determinat ion i s performed.

If t h e s o l i d comprises l e s s than 0.5% o f the waste, d iscard t h e

Do not ex t rac t s o l i d m a t e r i a l t h a t has been A new sample w i l l have t o be used f o r e x t r a c t i o n

7.8 s o l i d and proceed imnediate ly t o Section 7.17, t r e a t i n g the l i q u i d phase as t h e ex t rac t .

7.9 The s o l i d mater ia l obtained from Section 7.5 and a l l m a t e r i a l s that do not c o n t a i n f r e e l i q u i d s should be evaluated f o r p a r t i c l e size. I f t h e s o l i d mater 'a l has a sur face area per 'gram o f mater ia l ,equal t o or g rea ter

operator should proceed t o Sect ion 7.11. t h e p a r t i c l e s i z e l a r g e r than s p e c i f i e d above, the s o l i d mater ia l would be prepared f o r e x t r a c t i o n by crushing, c u t t i n g o r g r ind ing t h e m a t e r i a l so t h a t i t passes through a 9.5-m (0.375-in.) s ieve or, i f the m a t e r i a a s i n g l e piece, by sub jec t lng t h e mater ia l t o the "S t ruc tura l I n t e g r Procedure" descr ibed i n Sect ion 7.10,

than 3.1 cm. 3 . o r passes through a 9.5-mm (0.375-in.) standard s ieve, t h e I f the surface area i s . s m a l l e r o r

. 7.10 S t r u c t u r a l I n t e g r i t y . Procedure (S IP) :

7.10.1 waste m a t e r i a l . process, t h e waste may be cas t i n t h e form of a c y l i n d e r and al lowed t o cure f o r 30 days p r i o r t o t e s t i n g .

Cut a 3.3-un-diameter by 7.1-cm-long c y l i n d e r f rom For wastes t h a t have been t rea ted us ing a f i x a t i o n

i s i n t Y

the

7.10.2 Place waste i n t o sample holder and assemble t h e t e s t e r . Raise the hannner t o i t s maximum height and drop. times.

Repeat 14 a d d i t i o n a l

7.10.3 Remove s o l i d mater ia l from t e s t e r and scrape o f f any p a r t i c l e s adhering t o sample holder. 0.01 g and t r a n s f e r i t t o t h e Extractor. .

Weigh the waste t o t h e nearest

7.11 If t h e sample conta ins more than 0.5% so l ids , use the wet weight o f the s o l i d phase obtained i n Section 7.6 f o r purposes o f c a l c u l a t i n g t h e amount o f l i q u i d and a c i d t o employ f o r ex t rac t ion by using t h e f o l l o w i n g equa t i on :

w = W f - ut

where :

W = w e t weight i n grams o f s o l i d t o be charged t o e x t r a c t o r

w f = we t weight i n grams o f f i l t e r e d s o l i d s and f i l t e r media

Mt = weight i n grams of t a r e d f i l t e r s .

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I

I f the w a s t e does not con ta in any f ree l i q u i d s , 100 g of the ma te r ia l w i l l be subjected t o the e x t r a c t i o n procedure.

i n t o the e x t r a c t o r and add 16 times i t s weight o f deionized water. 7.12 Place the appropr ia te amount o f m a t e r i a l ( r e f e r t o Sect ion 7.11)

7.13 A f t e r t he s o l i d ma te r ia l and deionized water are b laced f n the e x t r a c t o r , t he operator shou ld begin a g i t a t l o n and measure the pH o f t he s o l u t i o n I n the ex t rac to r . I f the pH i s greater than 5.0, the pH o f t he s o l u t i o n should be decreased t o 5.0 + 0.2 by adding 0.5 N a c e t i c acid. If t h e pH i s equal t o o r l ess than S.O,-no a c e t l c ac id should be added. The pH of t h e s o l u t i o n should be monitored, as descrfbed below, dur ing t h e course of t h e e x t r a c t i o n and, if the pH r i s e s above 5*2, 0.5 N ace t i c a c i d should be added t o b r i n g t h e pH down t o 5.0 + 0.2. aggregate amount o f a c i d added t o The s o l u t i o n exceed 4 m l o f a c i d per gram of so l i d . 20'-40' C (68'-104' F) dur ing t h i s time. m o n i t o r and a d j u s t the pH d u r i n g the course o f the ex t rac t i on w i t h a device such as the Type 45-A pH C o n t r o l l e r manufactured by Chemtrix, Inc., Hills- boro, Oregon 97123 o r i t s equi valent, i n conjunct ion wi th a meter ing' pump bnd r e s e r v o i r o f 0.5 N a c e t i c acid. I f such a system i s not ava i lab le , t he f o l l o w i n g manual procedure s h a l l be employed.

However, i n no event s h a l l t he

It i s recommended t h a t t h e operator The m ix tu re should be ag i ta ted f o r 24 hr and maintained a t

7.13.1 A pH meter should be c a l i b r a t e d i n accordance w i t h the manu f a c t u ret- ' s speci f i c a t i ons .

7.13.2 The pH o f the s o l u t i o n should be checked and, i f necessary, 0.5 N a c e t i c a c i d should ke manually added t o the ex t rac to r u n t i l t he pH reaches 5.'0 + 0.2. 30-, and 6 0 G i n i n t e r v a l s , moving t o t h e next longer i n t e r v a l i f the pH does not have t o be ad jus ted more than 0.5 pH un i ts .

The pH o f the s o l u t i o n should be adjusted a t 15,

7.13.3 The adjustment procedure should be continued f o r a t l e a s t 6 hr.

7.13.4 If, a t the end o f the 24-hr ex t rac t i on per iod, t he pH o f the s o l u t i o n i s no t below 5.2 and t h e maximum amount o f a c i d (4 m i per gram o f s o l i d s ) has not been added, the pH should be adjusted t o 5.0 + 0.2 and t h e e x t r a c t i o n cont inued f o r an add i t i ona l 4 hr, dur ing whic l i the pH should be adjusted a t 1-hr i n t e r v a l s .

7.14 A t t he end o f the e x t r a c t i o n per iod, deionized w a t e r should be added t o the e x t r a c t o r i n an amount determined by t h e fo l l ow ing equation:

V = (2O)(W) - 16(W) - A

where:

V = m l de ion ized w a t e r t o be added

W = weight i n g o f s o l i d charged t o e x t r a c t o r

A = ml o f 0.5 N ace t i c a c i d added during e x t r a c t i o n

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7.15 The m a t e r i a l i n the ex t rac tor should be separated i n t o i t s compo- nent l i q u i d and s o l i d phases i n the fo l lowing manner.

7.15.1 Al low s l u r r i e s t o stand t o permi t t h e s o l i d phase t o s e t t l e (wastes tha t a re slow t o s e t t l e may be c e n t r i f u g e d p r i o r t o f i l t r a t i o n ) and se t up t h e f i l t e r apparatus ( r e f e r t o Sect ion 4.3 and 4.4). 1

7.15.2 Wet the f i l t e r wi th a small p o r t i o n o f t h e waste's o r e x t r a c t i o n m i x t u r e ' s l i q u i d phase. Transfer t h e remaining m a t e r i a l - t o t h e f i l t e r h o l d e r and apply vacuum o r gent le pressure (10-15 p s i ) u n t i l a l l l f q u i d passes through t h e f i l t e r . Stop f i l t r a t i o n when a i r o r p r e s s u r i z i n g gas moves through the membrane. I f t h i s p o i n t is not reached under vacuum o r gent le pressure, s l o w l y inc rease t h e pressure i n 10 p s i increments t o 75 ps i . Hal t f i l t r a t i o n when l i q u i d f l o w stops.

7.16 The l i q u i d s r e s u l t i n g from Sections 7.5 and 7.15 should be combined. This combined l i q u i d (or t h e waste i t s e l f i f i t has l e s s than 0.5% s o l i d s , as noted i n Sect ion 7.8) i s t h e e x t r a c t and should be analyzed f o r t h e presence of any of t h e contaminants spec i f ied i n Table 1 us ing t h e A n a l y t i c a l Proce- dures designated i n Sect ion 7.17.

7.17 The e x t r a c t w i l l be prepared and analyzed accord ing t o t h e ana ly t -

The method o f standard a d d i t i o n w i l l be employed i c a l methods s p e c i f i e d i n Table 1. A l l of these a n a l y t i c a l methods are inc luded i n t h i s manual. f o r a l l metal analyses.

NOTE: I f t h e EP e x t r a c t includes two phases, concent ra t ion o f contaminants i s determined by u s i n g a simple weighted average. For example: An EP e x t r a c t conta ins 50 m l o f o i l and 1,000 m l of an aqueous phase. Contaminant concentrat ions a r e determined f o r 'each phase. The f i n a l contaminat ion concentrat ion i s taken t o be

(50) (contaminant conc. i n O i l ) + (l,OOO)(contaminant conc. o f aqueous phase) 1,050 1,050

7.18 The e x t r a c t concentrat ions are compared t o t h e maximum contamina- t i o n l i m i t s l i s t e d i n Table 1. greater than the' respec t ive values, then the waste i s considered t o be EP

I f the e x t r a c t concentrat ions a r e equal t o or

t o x i c . 1

khromium concent ra t ions have t o be i n t e r p r e t e d d i f f e r e n t l y . A waste conta in ing chromium w i l l be determined t o be EP t o x i c if (1) t h e waste e x t r a c t has an i n i t i a l pH o f l e s s than 7 and contains more than 5-mg/l o f hexavalent chromium i n t h e r e s u l t i n g e x t r a c t , o r (2 ) the waste e x t r a c t has an i n i t i a l pH greater than 7 and a f i n a l pH greater than 7 and conta ins more than 5 mg/l o f hexavalent chromium i n t h e e x t r a c t , o r (3 ) the waste e x t r a c t has an i n i t i a l pH g r e a t e r than 7 and a f i n a l pH less than 7 and conta ins more than 5 mg/l o f t o t a l chromium, unless the chromium i s t r i v a l e n t . To determine whether t h e chromium i s t r i v a l e n t , the sample must be processed according t o an' a l k a l i n e d i g e s t i o n method (Method 3060) and analyzed f o r hexavalent chromium (Methods 7195, 7196, o r 7197).

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8.0 Quglity Control

A l l quallty control data should be malntalned and avallable for easy reference or Inspect Ion.

8.1

8.2 Employ a mlnlmum of..one blank per sample batch to determlne if contamination or any memory ef fects are occurring.

8.3 A1 1 quality :control measures suggested t n the referenced analytical methods should be followed.

11-17

APPENDIX 111

TYPICAL ARTICLE FROM AUTOMOTIVE RADIATOR TRADE PUBLICATION SHOWING CONCERN FOR

WASTEWATERS GENERATED BY RADIATOR REPAIR SHOPS

Write or call:

Tommy Clifford Automotive Computer Software P.O. Box 39205 Louisville, KY 40233 502458-5398

Bryan Emerson System 1: Search Rite, Inc.. P.O. Box 300658 Houston, TX 77230 7 13-795-5543

Wastewater, Sludge, Spent Coolant, and The Rest of the Crud

What's a Fella to Do?

Every time we look around, someone spits an environmental issue into our face. We continue to deal with:

0 messy radiator shop wastewaters in detail for the last 18 months,

0 the sludge developed by our repair processes, and

0 most recently, the disposal of spent coolant as more and more local sewage treatment plants define it as a hazardous waste.

And the never-ending saga has just begun! So what can we do to meet the regulations inexpensively? Read on.

Treatina Wastewater Some New Tn'ckr

In the past (See RR 88-66 to 88- 71 and RR 88-79 to 88-83), we reviewed several commercially available wstewater treatment systems. They generally work well but some are also quite expensive. Others need expensive chemicals for wastewater treatment. We

recommend to those shop owne,rs -- who are thrifty, enjoy a challenge, and like to know the intricacies involved in running their shops -- to build their own wastewater treatment systems. (See this article's diagram marked "Homemade Wastewater Treatment System.")

Note: this homemade system, a closed-loop system, does not chemically treat the wastewater for-discharge into a sewer or septic tank. The wastewater is recycled through a filtering medium, sand and activated charcoal, and then reused. As the water becomes too "sour" and, therefore, less effective for use in radiator repair procedures, increase the boilout or ultrasonic tank temperature from 140' F to 160' F. This 20' F difference in tank temperature doubles the rate of evaporation. Add fresh water to make up for the evaporation loss.

After a tank's contents have been evaporated to a manageable level, scoop the remains from the bottom of tanks and place the watery crud into a metal drum At this point, place an electric drum heater on the 'drum, the band rapidly accelerates the evaporation of wastewater slurries. After a short while, depending upon the amount of water, a dry, crusty residue is all that's left. The electric heater bands can be bought from most cartage supply companies found in your local Yellow Pages.

The C & H Buyers Guide advertises an electric heater band for $203. It is advertised as a "Water boil-off with thermostat control designed to remove water from non-flammable solutions, reducing the volume of material requiring disposal. Thermostatically controlled with a resettable cut-off switch -- from -70' F to 300' F. When the water level falls below the heater band, the heater shuts itself off. When the metal drum is refilled, restart the boil-off process by activating the red reset button." This heater band requires hook up to a 230,

RR 89-53

Radiator (drained & cleaned -- used transmission oil blown out into a drum) I . .

I

electr ic heater band (water that has become too sour to use is col- lected and

Gravity 1 l o r I I

1 Wastewater Holding Tank Sludge t r ap

F i l t e r e d Water t'o be Reused

H o m e m a d e Wastewater Treatment S y s t e m

single phase voltage source. Call 800- 558-9966 for more information.

These electric drum heaters are also an alternative to those shops that do not have a boilout or ultrasonic tank in which to evaporate wastewater once it becomes too sour to beused. A feed line from your holding tank can be run to a metal drum wrapped with an electric drum heater. In this way, soured wastewater can then be effectively evaporated and fresh make-up water added to the system.

Homemade wastewater treatment systems are relatively easy and inexpensive to make. To build a system, you'll need:

RR 89-54

0 a t least 2 tanks (how large depends on how much water you use on a daily basis during your busiest season) - one as a collection tank, the other as a filtered wastewater holding tank. Buy them used from a junkyard,

0 the plumbing and connections should be made of plastic (PVC),

0 at least 2 pumps, maybe 3, depending on the location of your wastewater collection tank, and

0 a filter placed between the wastewater collection tank and the filtered wastewater holding tank. Swimming pool filters and filter material medium work well (so too does a 5- or

I

10-lb. plastic pail. Seal the lid tightly in place with RTV).

The most complicated part in the system design is the plumbing layout. Shops obviously vary: some have a boilout tank(s), some do not; some have one drain, others have more; some drain into public sewage systems, others into a septic system, and so on.

In developing your wastewater treatment blueprint, keep in mind that all drains, spray booths, test-, ultrasonic-, o r boilout- tanks, and other sources of wastewater, should be plumbed so that the effluents can either be pumped or drained into your wastewater holding tank. This tank should have a funnel- shaped bottom, with a 30' or greater slope so that sludge settles properly. In order to limit the height of the holding tank, some shops mount the funnel below floor level, and steps provide access for removal of sludge through a trap.

On test and boilout/ultrasonic tanks, sludge drains should be located 3" to 5" above the bottom of the tank so that, while draining the tank, the residues on the tank's bottom do not contaminate the wastewater being drained. This is called "segregation of wastes" - separating heavily contaminated wastes from those not so heavily or lightly contaminated. Obviously, it's easier to filter wastewater that is not contaminated by solids and crud than it is to filter heavily contaminated wastewater.

The diagram we provide is just a variation on a theme. Remember: plan your system to fit your shop's present, and future, needs. Include your employees in the planning discussion.

Shdw and Minimuinn Your Shop Wastes

There's no practical way around it -- radiator shops create hazardous sludge

as a result of their repair work. The Qdy th ing you can do wi th the stuff is to store i t in a properly labelled 55-gallon drum and pay a licensed transporter to haul it and a waste treatment storage or treatment facility to accept it. Note: we stress the importance of receiving a statement, within 30 days of your hazardous waste shipment, from the end- of-the-line facility that the hazardous materials have reached their destination. yoU are responsible for' this.

Although we have not seen any economically practical solutions to prevent the generation of hazardous sludge, shop owners can significantly reduce the amount of hazardous sludges and wastes they generate. In doing so, you reduce not only the expenses involved in handling the stuff but also reduce shop operating expenses. Examine the amounts and types of materials you use to perform shop procedures.

For example, in terms of material savings, you can save an enormous amount in water alone by using a high- pressure washer set to high pressure and low water volume.

In terms of types of materials used, start looking at the ingredients of your fluxes, solvents, cleaners, and so on. If they have a warning label, you are starting out with a material that will most likely end up a hazardous waste. For example, take a look at:

0 using water-based (latex) paint instead of enamel and oil-based paints,

a using a low-zinc flux which will reduce the amount of zinc contamina- tion, especially in your test tank, and

0 using alternative flushes to chelaters because chelaters bind heavy metals to the solution, making it more difficult to remove them and significantly reduces the effectiveness of wastewater

RR 89-55

treatment.

In general, review the following outline to help you minimize hazardous waste generation in your shop. If you have any questions, call us on the hotline.

I) Manage Raw Material Inventory and Improve Shop Operations:

A) Inventory and trace all raw materials - flushes, cleaners, solvents, solders, fluxes, etc. - used in your shop.

B) Purchase fewer toxic and more non-toxic shop materials.

C) Train employees (See sidebar labelled, "Your Employees' Right To Know").

D) And improve receiving, storage, and handling practices -- better housekeeDing.

free cleaner to clean metal surfaces and, eliminate solvents and caustics aS much-. as possible. (Some shop o v e r s report that they clean radiators and cores using super-heated water and laundry detergent.)

B) Segregate wastes and treat different wastes separately such as boilout wastes vs rinsewater wastes.

C ) Repair leaking tanks.

D) Separate hazardous from non- hazardous wastes.

E) And optimize the use of your raw materials.

rv) Recycle and reuse:

A) Install a closed-loop system.

B) Recycle on-site.

C) And recycle off-site. IT) Modify Your Equipment:

Disposal of Spent Coolant A) Install equipment that

produces minimal or no waste.

B) Change equipment to enhance recovery or recycling options. Example, many shops use one booth to power spray and paint. If you separate these operations, you can easily recapture the wastewater without paint in it. Also, the paint will not contaminate the wastewater or anything else because it will dry on the booth's walls.

C ) Improve the operating efficiency of existing equipment.

D) And maintain a strict equipment maintenance program.

m) .Change Shop Procedures:

A) Substitute non-hazardous products for hazardous ones. Example: use an abrasive water-based or grease-

RR 89-56

Before anyone gets too bent out of shape over what appears to be the latest crisis for radiator shop owners - the disposal of that "deadly" fluid, spent coolant - we want to inform you that RR did an informal survey of twelve states. None of the state representatives said that spent coolant is a hazardous waste. Furthermore, according to these representatives,. dumping into the sewers, under state law, is legal.

The real question is whether you can dump coolant into your local sewage - system. For example, Arizona officials report that you can dump spent coolant into the sewers in Phoenix, but you can't do so in Tucson. So before you get too excited, check with local officials. If you're paranoid to make the call, have your grandma do it.

What is certain is that laws are

' I

APPENDIX IV

TY PlCAL CHEMICAL-RESISTANT PUMPS AVAILABLE FROM CHEMICAL SUPPLY COMPANIES

Manual Pumps

High-Density Polyethylene Chemical

Delivers approximately 600mL per stroke Safe, easy way to pump liquids from carboys, drums, or tanks. Drip well at top of pump barrel for operator protection. Friction-fit spout can be turned up to elimi- nate dripping and is removable for storing, shipping, or substitution of longer spout. 1%" (38") O.D. tubing cut lo desired length. Pump can be inserted 3 4 (86cm) into container. Approx. 0.6 liter per stroke (6 strokeslgal.). (Nalge 6530) 01-003 . . . . . . . . . . . . .EacN47.86

Case of U287.16

Polyethylene Hand Pumps 2 sizes - lor 30 gal. (1 14L) or 55 gal. (208L) drums Positive pressure on downstrbke delivers liquids against heads up 10-12 H. (3.6m). Empties drums to within %" of bottom. Inert to strong acids. alkalies, many solvents. Mounted in 2 dia. (51") stan- dard V-threaded polyethylene Plug.

Acid Pumps Fit carboys, bottles with 1 to 2" 1.D. (25 to 51") openings Convenient self-contained pump. With %' O.D. (12.7") Teflon' fluorocarbon resin tubing, approx. 60" long (152.4cm). Squeeze bulb to create air pressure to force fluid out through tube. Press relief valve to stop flow. Max. flow rate. 2 gal./ min. (7.5 liters). Plastic stopper fits containers with 1 lo 2" I.D. (25 lo 51"). 01-022-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.00

With polypropylene tubing. Same as 01-022-6 pump but with polypropylene tubing. 01-022-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40.00

Ltnglh For DNm SlZE Cat. No. Each Case of 12

23%' (59cm) 30 gal. (114L) 01-002-25 59.70 680.60 32 (81) 55 (208) 01-002-27 63.00 .-._

1 ' I - 1-

hlyethylene Siphon Drum Saf-T-Pump* for Pumps Acids Polyethylene bellows Delivers 1000mLlmin. handles acids, caustics Polyethylene pump with polypro- pylene parts that fits on standard 2.5 liter or 5-pt. acid bottles. 4.0 li- ter or 1 -gal. chemical bottles. Not recommended for use with mlu- lions which have high sulfuric acid concentrations. Relief-valve button

For dispensing of dilute acids, caustics, thinners, oils, waxes, dis- infectants without leakage prob- lems. Max. delivery rate, 19 liters (5 gal.)!min. Suction tube is adapt- able to fit 15-, 30-, 55-gal. drums (57-. 114-, 208-Mer).

on top stops liquid flow from spout. Thread Cal. No. Each 4 02. (1 18mL) squeeze bottle pro- 2" NPT Sld. 01407.1 25 00 vides pressure for delivery of steady liquid flow. With siphon 2" Bunress 01-007-2 33 00

(5"

tube long enough to reach bottom of 5pI. (2.4-liter) acid bottles.

(5cm)

01-002 .............. .Each/17.00 Case of l a 1 84.00

Utility Pump Plastic body. Portable. nonelectri- cal, hand-operated peristaltic pump. Designed especially lor field use where electrical power is not available. Excellent for pump- ing solvents - no sparks. Operated by accessory hand-

crank attachment (order sepa- rately). Hand-crank attachment provided with clamp. so pump can be conveniently mounted on table or bench. Can also be electrically operated

by attaching to portable elmric drill or stirrer motor chuck with di- ameter 01 I/. or %s" (6 or 8"). Made of high-impact plastic.

Pump head measures 3%L x 3%"W (8.9 x 8.9cm).

Utility pump. 13475-104 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1~6,00

Clamp and Hand-Crank Attachment. 13-875-1 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.00

' T r a < o c - 2 - k hi.. - A -orqhrp C O P /,q'.-: ?! "( -7

' I

Chromeplated DispenserPump for 5-, 6-gal. (79-, 23-liter) drums Heavy chrome-plated pump fills small bottles lrom chemical drums without spilling. Dispenses 11 8mL (4 02.) with each stroke. Metal strap hooks over bottom of drums and holds dispenser while pumping. 09-196 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00

Acid Siphon Fils 5 to 13-gal. (19 to 49-liter) carboys A safe way to dispense large vol- umes. Set carboy 2 ft. (61 cm) above floor. Insert siphon into car- boy. Stroke built-in pump a few times to prime siphon. Adjust con- trol valve to produce trickle or steady flow. Made of plastic corrusion-resistant material. 01-004.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.00

AcidXhemical DispenserPump For 5-gal. (19-liter) Flexspout' drums Acidlchemical pump with special adapter tubes dispenses 2, 4, 6, 8 02. (60,118,177.237mL). Made of polypropylene and polyethylene. Cylinder head allows 360" spigot orientation. 15%L x 2' dia. (40 x 5cm). 01-002-20 . . . . . . . . . .EacN19.00

Case of 12/205.00

Drum Transfer Pump and Counter Ibr petroleum-based flammable and combustible liquids and noncorrosive liquids Accurately measures and dispen- ses liquids. Drum transfer pump with counter can dispense 45 liters (1 2 gal.)/min. from 55-gal. (208- liter) drums. Rotary-type unit pro- vides steady, even flow with prompt cutofl to avoid overfills and spillage. Meter graduated to 20 gal. Finished in yellow. Easily in- stalled in 2" (5cm) bung opening. Pump stem reaches bottom of 55- gal. (208-liter ) drum. Made of iron. With built-in strainer and check valve, floating aluminum rotor, pressure relief vent.

Model 7-120 for petroleum- based flammable and combusti- ble liquids. Dispenses 10 gal.nO revolutions. With 96" (244cm) neo- prene discharge hose. UL listed. 01-009.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.00

Stainless-SteelFEE Drum Pump Fils 15 lo 55-gal. (57 to 208-liter) drums

Hand-operated piston pump with dripless spout. For use with chlori- nated and petroleum solvents, such as Irichlroethylene. xylene, freon and acetone. Measures a uniform 220mL (8 oz.) on each up- stroke. Locking handle prevents tampering. Threaded, vented bung easily adjusts to lit any 15-, 30-. or 55-gal. drum (57-. 114- or 208- liter). With r (5cm) opening. Spout height adjustable 10 fit various drum sizes. Thumbscrew lock. Packing nut can be tightened to stop leakage that may eventually

Model 7626 for noncorrosive chemicals, petroleumbased flammable and combustible liq- uids. Dispenses 10 galJl l5 revo- lutions. With 72" (1") lined antistatic hose to prevent static discharge. Meets OSHA standards. 01-009-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460.00

occur wtth wear. With 18" long (46cm) Tefbn' fluorocarbon resin extension tube for complete draw- off with 55-gal. drums 01-007-5 1 5 0 r n

I Fisher Scientific

APPENDIX V

EXAMPLE OF GENERAL SERVICE WASTEWATER TREATMENT UNIT

Designed to easily and conveniently interface with your existing equipment, our new Water Washer offers a workable method of cleaning up oily waste and metals at the same time, including:

TYPE OF WATER Parts washer Metal cleaning Grinding swarf

9 Starch - Paint (spray booths) 9 Scrubber

Blood

Drum washing/

. Algae and slime . Car/truck wash - Phosphatizers Caustic washes Cutting oil

recycling

Color removal - 9 Ink (Heels and flexographic washups) L. 9 Coolants (including semi-synthetics

and synthetics)

wastes 9 Laundry, food processing and rendering

FATS, OILS AND GREASE Free floating or emulsified Mineral oils or triglycerides Hydrophobic pesticide residues

DISSOLVED HEAVY METALS/ METAL HYDROXIDES Arsenic Selenium Barium Silver Cad mi u m Zinc Chromium Copper Lead Nickel Mercury -and others-

. I . , .

I ) " I ABOUT U S I

Beckart Environmental, Inc. is a full-servi consultancy native to ove costly waste The Water Washer is the first of a series of products that feature a low capital cost, eas operation and maintenance by facto sonnel, and three sizes to suit your r ments. With an approximqte reduction volume of 95'340, the system conform most municipalities' standards for sewer ab I e water. For higher-volume handlers of various liquid wastes, Beckart is the source for complete wastewater treatment plants that implemen state-af-the-art clarifiers and micro-bubble technology.

Step up t 1

big savings a

3E 6 EC K A RT E N V I R 0 N M E N TA L , I N C.

P.O. BOX 221 LIBERTYVILLE, IL 60048

/?i?\ nno.n-mn

.with on-site wastewater treatment

technology from BECKART.

3E BECKART ENVIRONMENTAL. INC.

p.0 ox221 LIBERTY8LLE. IC).(-\ 0 r n .-nn IL 60048

PLE, RUGGED, EFFECTIVE

LOW INITIAL & OPERATING COSTS (AS LOW AS 1C PER GALLON TREATED).

R A P I D PAYBACK (APPROX. 3-4 MONTHS).

FULL PRODUCT LINE (50,100,250,500 GALLON-PER-BATCH SIZES, LARGER SIZES AVAILABLE BY SPECIAL ORDER).

< I Iv

HOW IT WORKS

The Water Washer system employs a chemical breakdown of emulsions in your wastewater, and a simple but effective process for.their removal. Our unique combination of coagulants

clear water below. The clear water is then decanted through our standard horizontal leaf filter, which effectively filters without blinding and the resi- dual sludge can be landfilled locally.

and micro-bubble formation drives pollutants to the surface and leaves TOTAL CYCLE TIME: 30 MINUTES.

* -

I

APPENDIX VI

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

aqqlomeration. The action or process of collecting into a mass.

clarification. The cleaning of dirty or turbid liquids by the removal of

suspended and colloidal matter.

colloid. A substance composed of extremely small particles, ranging from

0.2 micron to 0.005 micron which when mixed with a liquid will not settle,

but remain permanently suspended; and the colloidal suspension thus

formed has properties that are quite different from the simple, solid-liquid

mixture or a solution.

decantation. The settlement of a solid in a liquid followed by carefully

pouring off the liquid without disturbing the solids on the bottom.

floccule. A small loosely aggregated mass of material suspended in or

precipitated from a liquid.

flocculent. Resembling wool, therefore, wooly. Coalescing and adhering

in flocks. A cloudlike mass of precipitate in a solution.

precipitation. The process of separating mineral constituents from a

solution by forming an amorphous or crystalline solid that may settle to

the bottom.

quasi-. Having some resemblance, some sense or degree to a given

thing.

quiescent. Motionless, in a state of inactivity or repose.

reactants. A substance which undergoes chemical change when in

contact with another substance.

V I - ]