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KISSSOFT RELEASE 03/2015 USER MANUAL

Issue 1.4

Copyright Notice

2015 KISSsoft AG

Rosengartenstrasse 4

CH-8608 Bubikon Schweiz

All rights reserved

This documentation may not be copied without the express written approval of KISSsoft AG.

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Table of Contents

I General I-40

1 I nsta ll ing KI S S sof t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I -41

1.1 Basic installation .......................................................................................... I-42

1.2 Downloading a license file .......................................................................... I-43

1.3 Licensing ..................................................................................................... I-44

1.3.1 Test version .................................................................................. I-44

1.3.2 Student version ............................................................................. I-44

1.3.3 Single user version with dongle (protection key) ......................... I-44

1.3.4 Single user version with license code ........................................... I-45

1.3.5 Network version with dongle (protection key) ............................. I-45

1.3.6 Network version with the license code ......................................... I-46

2 S etting Up KI S S sof t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I -47

2.1 Directory structure ....................................................................................... I-48

2.2 Language settings ........................................................................................ I-49

2.3 System of units ............................................................................................ I-50

2.4 Defining your own default files ................................................................... I-51

2.5 Rights ........................................................................................................... I-52

2.6 Global settings - KISS.ini ............................................................................ I-53

2.6.1 Definitions in [PATH] .................................................................. I-53

2.6.2 Definitions in [SETUP] ................................................................ I-54

2.6.3 Definitions in [REPORT] ............................................................. I-56

2.6.4 Definitions in [GRAPHICS] ........................................................ I-56

2.6.5 Definitions in [LICENSE] ............................................................ I-56

2.6.6 Definitions in [CADEXPORT] .................................................... I-57

2.6.7 Definitions in [INTERFACES] .................................................... I-57

2.6.8 Definitions in [SOLIDEDGE] ...................................................... I-58

2.6.9 Definitions in [SOLIDWORKS] .................................................. I-58

2.6.10 Definitions in [INVENTOR] ........................................................ I-58

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2.6.11 Definitions in [CATIA] ................................................................ I-59

2.6.12 Definitions in [PROENGINEER] ................................................ I-59

2.6.13 Definition in [COCREATE] ......................................................... I-60

2.6.14 Definitions in [THINK3] .............................................................. I-60

2.6.15 Definitions in [HICAD]................................................................ I-60

2.7 User-defined settings ................................................................................... I-61

2.7.1 Configuration tool ........................................................................ I-61

2.8 Rules ............................................................................................................ I-65

3 S tarti ng KI S S sof t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I -6 8

3.1 Initial parameters ......................................................................................... I-69

3.2 Disconnect license from the network ........................................................... I-70

4 Eleme nts of the KI S S s of t U ser I nterf ac e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I -71

4.1 Menus, context menus and the Tool bar ...................................................... I-72

4.2 Docking window .......................................................................................... I-74

4.2.1 The module tree ............................................................................ I-74

4.2.2 The project tree ............................................................................. I-75

4.2.3 The Results window ..................................................................... I-75

4.2.4 The Messages window ................................................................. I-75

4.2.5 The info window .......................................................................... I-75

4.2.6 Manual and Search ....................................................................... I-76

4.3 Graphics window ......................................................................................... I-77

4.3.1 Tool bar and context menu ........................................................... I-78

4.3.2 Comment field .............................................................................. I-80

4.3.3 Context menu ............................................................................... I-80

4.3.4 Properties ...................................................................................... I-80

4.3.5 Toothing ....................................................................................... I-82

4.4 Main input area ............................................................................................ I-84

4.4.1 Report Viewer .............................................................................. I-84

4.4.2 Helptext viewer ............................................................................ I-85

4.5 Tooltips and status bar ................................................................................. I-86

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5 KI S S sof t C alc ul at ion Module s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I -87

5.1 Standard and special tabs ............................................................................. I-88

5.2 Input elements .............................................................................................. I-89

5.2.1 Value input fields ......................................................................... I-89

5.2.2 Formula entry and angle input ...................................................... I-89

5.2.3 Unit switch ................................................................................... I-90

5.2.4 Tables ........................................................................................... I-90

5.3 Calculating and generating a report ............................................................. I-91

5.4 Messages ...................................................................................................... I-92

6 Pro jec t M an ag emen t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I -9 3

6.1 Creating, opening and closing projects ........................................................ I-94

6.2 Adding and deleting files ............................................................................. I-95

6.3 The active working project .......................................................................... I-96

6.4 Storage locations .......................................................................................... I-97

6.5 Project properties ......................................................................................... I-98

7 Dynam ic u ser I n terf ac e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I -9 9

7.1 Modified tabs and dialogs supplied with the system ................................. I-100

7.2 Adding additional tabs and dialogs ............................................................ I-101

7.3 Formatting.................................................................................................. I-103

7.3.1 Elements ..................................................................................... I-103

7.3.2 Columns ..................................................................................... I-104

7.3.3 Groups ........................................................................................ I-104

7.3.4 Tabs ............................................................................................ I-105

7.3.5 Comments ................................................................................... I-105

8 R esult s and R ep orts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I -106

8.1 Results of a calculation .............................................................................. I-107

8.1.1 Add your own texts in the results window ................................. I-107

8.2 Calculation reports ..................................................................................... I-108

8.3 Drawing data .............................................................................................. I-109

8.4 Report settings ........................................................................................... I-110

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8.4.1 General ....................................................................................... I-110

8.4.2 Page layout ................................................................................. I-110

8.4.3 Header and footer ....................................................................... I-110

8.4.4 Start and end block ..................................................................... I-111

8.5 Report templates ........................................................................................ I-113

8.5.1 Storage locations and descriptions ............................................. I-113

8.5.2 Scope of a report ........................................................................ I-114

8.5.3 Formatting .................................................................................. I-114

9 Datab as e Tool a nd Ext erna l Tab les . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I -124

9.1 Viewing database entries ........................................................................... I-126

9.2 Managing database entries ......................................................................... I-129

9.2.1 Generating a database entry ....................................................... I-129

9.2.2 Deleting a database entry ........................................................... I-130

9.2.3 Restoring a database entry .......................................................... I-130

9.3 Import and export data with the database tool ........................................... I-131

9.4 External tables ........................................................................................... I-132

9.4.1 Functions tables .......................................................................... I-133

9.4.2 Range tables ............................................................................... I-135

9.4.3 List tables ................................................................................... I-136

9.4.4 List of key words used................................................................ I-138

9.5 Description of database tables ................................................................... I-140

9.5.1 Center distance tolerances ......................................................... I-140

9.5.2 Machining allowance for cylindrical gear ................................. I-140

9.5.3 Reference profiles ...................................................................... I-140

9.5.4 Compression springs standard ................................................... I-140

9.5.5 Selection of hobbing cutters ....................................................... I-141

9.5.6 Basic material Glued and Soldered joints ................................. I-141

9.5.7 Manufacturing process for bevel and hypoid gears ................... I-141

9.5.8 V-belt Standard ......................................................................... I-141

9.5.9 Spline Standard ......................................................................... I-142

9.5.10 Chain profiles ISO606 ............................................................... I-142

9.5.11 Adhesives .................................................................................. I-142

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9.5.12 Modifications ............................................................................. I-142

9.5.13 Load spectra .............................................................................. I-142

9.5.14 Solders ....................................................................................... I-143

9.5.15 Surface roughness of shafts and shaft-hub connections ............ I-144

9.5.16 Key standard .............................................................................. I-144

9.5.17 Polygon standard ....................................................................... I-144

9.5.18 Woodruff Key standard ............................................................. I-144

9.5.19 Bolts/pins .................................................................................... I-144

9.5.20 Lubricants .................................................................................. I-144

9.5.21 Bolts: Tightening factor ............................................................. I-146

9.5.22 Bolts: Bore ................................................................................. I-146

9.5.23 Bolts: Strength class .................................................................. I-146

9.5.24 Bolts: Nuts strength class ........................................................... I-147

9.5.25 Bolts: Coefficients of friction classes ......................................... I-147

9.5.26 Bolts: Thread type ..................................................................... I-147

9.5.27 Bolts: Nuts ................................................................................. I-148

9.5.28 Bolts: Type ................................................................................ I-148

9.5.29 Bolts: Washer ............................................................................ I-148

9.5.30 Selection of pinion type cutters ................................................. I-148

9.5.31 Disc spring standard .................................................................. I-148

9.5.32 Tolerances standard ................................................................... I-149

9.5.33 Beam profiles ............................................................................ I-149

9.5.34 Multi-Spline standard ................................................................ I-149

9.5.35 Materials .................................................................................... I-149

9.5.36 Roller bearing ............................................................................ I-154

9.5.37 Roller bearing tolerance ............................................................ I-162

9.5.38 Roller bearing Tolerance classes ............................................... I-162

9.5.39 Tooth thickness tolerances ........................................................ I-162

9.5.40 Toothed belt standard ................................................................ I-163

10 Desc rip t ion of t he p ub lic interf ac e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I -165

10.1 Interfaces between calculation programs and CAD - Overview................ I-166

10.1.1 Efficient interfaces ..................................................................... I-166

Inhalt

10.1.2 Open interfaces concept in KISSsoft .......................................... I-167

10.2 Defining input and output .......................................................................... I-169

10.2.1 Preamble ..................................................................................... I-169

10.2.2 Requirements placed on the third party program ....................... I-170

10.2.3 Used files .................................................................................... I-170

10.2.4 Service life of files ..................................................................... I-171

10.2.5 Explicitly reading (importing) and generating data .................... I-171

10.3 Example: Interference fit calculation ......................................................... I-172

10.4 Geometry data ............................................................................................ I-174

10.5 COM Interface ........................................................................................... I-175

10.5.1 Registering the server ................................................................. I-175

10.5.2 Server functionality .................................................................... I-175

10.5.3 Example of a call from Excel ..................................................... I-178

11 3 D int erf ac e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I -184

11.1 Overview of the available CAD interfaces and their functionality ............ I-185

11.2 Generation of 3D gears .............................................................................. I-186

11.3 Generating 3D shafts ................................................................................. I-188

11.4 Viewer with neutral format interface ......................................................... I-190

11.4.1 Parasolid Export of 3D Shafts .................................................... I-191

11.4.2 Face gear - 3D geometry ............................................................ I-191

11.4.3 Bevel gear - generating a 3D model ........................................... I-193

11.4.4 Worm wheel - generating a 3D model ....................................... I-194

11.5 3D interface to Solid Works ...................................................................... I-195

11.5.1 Gear teeth in the case of an existing basic solid ......................... I-195

11.5.2 Integrating the KISSsoft Add-in (menu options in CAD) .......... I-197

11.5.3 Add-in functions (calls) .............................................................. I-200

11.6 3D interface to Solid Edge ......................................................................... I-203

11.6.1 Changes of the parameters for generation .................................. I-203

11.6.2 Gear teeth in the case of an existing basic solid ......................... I-203

11.6.3 Integrating the KISSsoft Add-in (menu options in CAD) .......... I-205

11.6.4 Add-in functions (calls) .............................................................. I-209

11.6.5 Opening the calculation file for the created gear ........................ I-210

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11.7 3D interface to Autodesk Inventor ............................................................. I-211

11.7.1 Gear teeth in the case of existing shaft data ............................... I-211

11.7.2 Add-in (menu items in CAD) ..................................................... I-212

11.7.3 Add-in functions (calls) .............................................................. I-215

11.7.4 Opening the calculation file for the created gear ........................ I-216

11.8 3D interface to Unigraphics NX ................................................................ I-217

11.8.1 Add-in (menu items in CAD) ..................................................... I-218

11.8.2 Running KISSsoft via an add-in ................................................. I-221

11.8.3 Add-in functions (calls) .............................................................. I-228

11.9 3D interface to Creo Parametric (ProEngineer) ......................................... I-229

11.9.1 Integrating the KISSsoft Add-in ................................................. I-232

11.9.2 Modifying the selected 3D model .............................................. I-236

11.9.3 Cutting teeth on an existing shaft ............................................... I-237

11.9.4 Modifying the teeth on an existing shaft .................................... I-239

11.9.5 Changing base settings in the interface ...................................... I-240

11.10 3D interface to CATIA ...................................................................... I-242

11.10.1 Registering the interface ............................................................. I-242

11.11 3D interface to CoCreate.................................................................... I-245

11.12 3D interface to ThinkDesign .............................................................. I-247

11.12.1 Integrating the KISSsoft Add-in ................................................. I-249

11.13 3D interface to ASCON Kompas ....................................................... I-250

12 A nsw ers to F req uen tly A sked Qu est ion s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I -251

12.1 Change the output of angles in reports ...................................................... I-252

12.2 Input materials for gear calculations in the database ................................. I-253

12.3 How can I test the software? ...................................................................... I-254

12.4 What licenses are available? ...................................................................... I-255

12.5 Add your own texts in the results window ................................................ I-256

12.6 Restore previous stages of the calculation ................................................. I-257

II Toothing II-258

13 I ntroduc tio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I -259

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14 Cyli ndric a l g e ar s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I -260

14.1 Basic data .................................................................................................. II-262

14.1.1 Normal module .......................................................................... II-262

14.1.2 Hand of gear for gear teeth ........................................................ II-262

14.1.3 Pressure angle at normal section ............................................... II-263

14.1.4 Helix angle at reference circle ................................................... II-263

14.1.5 Center distance .......................................................................... II-263

14.1.6 Number of teeth ......................................................................... II-264

14.1.7 Facewidth .................................................................................. II-264

14.1.8 Profile shift coefficient .............................................................. II-265

14.1.9 Quality ....................................................................................... II-268

14.1.10 Geometry details ....................................................................... II-271

14.1.11 Material and lubrication ............................................................ II-272

14.2 Load .......................................................................................................... II-279

14.2.1 Calculation methods .................................................................. II-279

14.2.2 Service life ................................................................................. II-287

14.2.3 Application factor ...................................................................... II-287

14.2.4 Power, torque and speed ............................................................ II-288

14.2.5 Strength details .......................................................................... II-288

14.2.6 Strength details (AGMA) .......................................................... II-303

14.2.7 Define load spectrum................................................................. II-304

14.2.8 Calculate scuffing ...................................................................... II-306

14.2.9 Calculate the internal temperature and the flash temperature ... II-307

14.3 Factors ...................................................................................................... II-308

14.3.1 Transverse coefficient ............................................................... II-308

14.3.2 Dynamic factor .......................................................................... II-308

14.3.3 Load distribution coefficient ..................................................... II-309

14.3.4 Alternating bending factor ......................................................... II-310

14.3.5 Face load factor ......................................................................... II-313

14.3.6 Taking into account shaft bending (face load factor and contact

analysis) .................................................................................................. II-333

14.3.7 Z-Y coefficients and the technology factor ............................... II-338

Inhalt

14.3.8 General calculation procedure for KHbeta as specified in ISO 6336-

1, Appendix E. ........................................................................................ II-341

14.4 Reference profile ...................................................................................... II-342

14.4.1 Configuration ............................................................................ II-342

14.4.2 Preliminary treatment and grinding allowance .......................... II-349

14.4.3 Tip alteration ............................................................................. II-351

14.5 Tolerances ................................................................................................. II-352

14.5.1 Tooth thickness tolerance .......................................................... II-352

14.5.2 Tip diameter allowances ............................................................ II-354

14.5.3 Root diameter allowances ......................................................... II-354

14.5.4 Center distance tolerances ......................................................... II-355

14.5.5 Settings ...................................................................................... II-355

14.6 Modifications ............................................................................................ II-356

14.6.1 Define grinding wheel for gear n dialog window ...................... II-357

14.6.2 Type of modification ................................................................. II-358

14.6.3 Underlying principles of calculation ......................................... II-359

14.6.4 Profile modifications ................................................................. II-361

14.6.5 Tooth trace modifications .......................................................... II-366

14.6.6 Sizing modifications .................................................................. II-372

14.6.7 Notes about profile modification ............................................... II-376

14.7 Tooth form ................................................................................................ II-377

14.7.1 Context menu ............................................................................ II-378

14.7.2 Operations ................................................................................. II-379

14.8 Flank breaking .......................................................................................... II-399

14.9 Contact Analysis ....................................................................................... II-401

14.9.1 Theory of Contact Analysis ....................................................... II-402

14.9.2 Discretized model ...................................................................... II-406

14.9.3 Smoothing the tooth form curvature to calculate Hertzian pressure in

the contact analysis ................................................................................. II-406

14.9.4 Reduced stiffness on the side edges ......................................... II-408

14.9.5 Linking the individual slices ..................................................... II-409

14.9.6 Wear iteration ............................................................................ II-409

14.10 Gear pump ......................................................................................... II-411

Inhalt

14.11 Operating backlash ............................................................................ II-414

14.11.1 Reference temperature ............................................................... II-416

14.11.2 Relative water absorption during swelling ................................ II-416

14.11.3 Coefficient of thermal expansion for housing ........................... II-417

14.12 Master gear ........................................................................................ II-418

14.13 AGMA 925 ....................................................................................... II-420

14.14 Rough sizing ..................................................................................... II-422

14.15 Fine Sizing ........................................................................................ II-428

14.15.1 Necessary entries in the input window ...................................... II-429

14.15.2 Conditions I ............................................................................... II-429

14.15.3 Conditions II .............................................................................. II-431

14.15.4 Results ....................................................................................... II-436

14.15.5 Graphics .................................................................................... II-438

14.15.6 Geometry-Fine Sizing for 3 gears ............................................. II-439

14.15.7 Additional strength calculation of all variants ........................... II-439

14.16 Measurement grid ............................................................................. II-440

14.17 Modifications sizing .......................................................................... II-443

14.17.1 Conditions I/II ........................................................................... II-443

14.17.2 Results ....................................................................................... II-443

14.17.3 Graphics .................................................................................... II-444

14.17.4 Report ........................................................................................ II-444

14.18 Settings .............................................................................................. II-446

14.18.1 General ...................................................................................... II-446

14.18.2 Plastic ........................................................................................ II-448

14.18.3 Planets ....................................................................................... II-451

14.18.4 Sizings ....................................................................................... II-452

14.18.5 Calculations ............................................................................... II-454

14.18.6 Required safeties ....................................................................... II-459

14.18.7 Contact analysis/Face load factor .............................................. II-460

14.18.8 Summary ................................................................................... II-462

14.18.9 Diagrams ................................................................................... II-462

14.18.10 Generation of 3D model .................................................... II-463

14.19 Tooth thickness ................................................................................. II-466

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15 Bevel a nd H yp oid g ear s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I -467

15.1 Underlying principles of calculation......................................................... II-468

15.1.1 General ...................................................................................... II-468

15.1.2 Overview of the bevel gear manufacturing process and the

terminology used in it ............................................................................. II-468

15.1.3 Calculation according to Klingelnberg, Gleason and Oerlikon . II-469

15.2 Basic data .................................................................................................. II-471

15.2.1 Normal module (middle) ........................................................... II-471

15.2.2 Reference diameter gear 2 ......................................................... II-471

15.2.3 Pressure angle at normal section ............................................... II-472

15.2.4 Pressure angle driving/driven flank: Hypoid gears ................... II-472

15.2.5 Helix angle ................................................................................ II-473

15.2.6 Shaft angle ................................................................................. II-474

15.2.7 Offset (Center dist.) ................................................................... II-475

15.2.8 Number of teeth ......................................................................... II-475

15.2.9 Facewidth .................................................................................. II-476

15.2.10 Profile shift coefficient .............................................................. II-476

15.2.11 Thickness modification coefficient ........................................... II-476

15.2.12 Quality ....................................................................................... II-477

15.2.13 Addendum angle and root angle ................................................ II-478

15.2.14 Angle modifications .................................................................. II-479

15.2.15 Geometry details ....................................................................... II-480

15.2.16 Manufacturing process .............................................................. II-481

15.3 Type .......................................................................................................... II-482

15.3.1 Converting or inputting Gleason toothing data ......................... II-484

15.4 Manufacture .............................................................................................. II-488

15.4.1 Cutter radius .............................................................................. II-488

15.4.2 Number of blade groups, tool .................................................... II-488

15.5 Load .......................................................................................................... II-489

15.5.1 Methods used for strength calculation ....................................... II-489

15.5.2 Required service life .................................................................. II-493

15.5.3 Power, torque and speed ............................................................ II-493

15.5.4 Strength details .......................................................................... II-494

Inhalt

15.5.5 Application factor ...................................................................... II-496

15.6 Reference profile ...................................................................................... II-497

15.6.1 Default values for tip base clearance ......................................... II-497

15.6.2 Default values for addendum coefficients ................................. II-497

15.7 Contact Analysis ....................................................................................... II-498

15.8 Rough sizing ............................................................................................. II-499

15.8.1 Face width ratio ......................................................................... II-499

15.8.2 Module ratio .............................................................................. II-500

15.9 Fine Sizing ................................................................................................ II-501

15.9.1 Necessary entries in the input window ...................................... II-502

15.9.2 Conditions I ............................................................................... II-502

15.9.3 Conditions II .............................................................................. II-503

15.9.4 Conditions III ............................................................................ II-504

15.9.5 Results ....................................................................................... II-509

15.9.6 Graphics .................................................................................... II-510

15.10 Notes on calculations in accordance with the Klingelnberg standard ..... II-

511

15.10.1 Bevel gears with cyclo-palloid gear teeth .............................. II-511

15.10.2 Hypoid gears with cyclo-palloid gear teeth ............................... II-511

15.10.3 Normal module ranges for Klingelnberg machines (cyclo-palloid) II-

512

15.10.4 Bevel gears with Palloid toothing ............................................. II-513

15.10.5 Definitions and dimensions of standard cutters for palloid toothing

II-514

15.10.6 Minimum safeties ...................................................................... II-515

15.10.7 Surface roughness at tooth root ................................................. II-515

15.10.8 Accuracy grade bevel gears ....................................................... II-515

15.10.9 Characteristic number................................................................ II-515

15.11 Settings .............................................................................................. II-517

15.11.1 Calculations ............................................................................... II-517

15.11.2 Differential gears ....................................................................... II-517

15.11.3 Helpful information about the Generation of 3D model tab ..... II-518

15.11.4 Factors ....................................................................................... II-519

Inhalt

15.11.5 Contact Analysis ....................................................................... II-521

16 F ac e g ear s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I -522

16.1 Underlying principles of calculation......................................................... II-523

16.2 Basic data .................................................................................................. II-526

16.2.1 Normal module .......................................................................... II-526

16.2.2 Pressure angle at normal section ............................................... II-528

16.2.3 Helix angle at reference circle ................................................... II-528

16.2.4 Axial offset ................................................................................ II-529

16.2.5 Profile shift coefficient (on the pinion) ..................................... II-529

16.2.6 Quality ....................................................................................... II-530

16.2.7 Geometry details ....................................................................... II-531

16.2.8 Material and lubrication ............................................................ II-532

16.3 Load .......................................................................................................... II-533

16.3.1 Methods used for strength calculation ....................................... II-533

16.3.2 Service life ................................................................................. II-535

16.3.3 Power, torque and speed ............................................................ II-535

16.3.4 Application factor ...................................................................... II-535

16.4 Factors ...................................................................................................... II-537

16.4.1 Face load factor ......................................................................... II-537

16.5 Modifications ............................................................................................ II-538

16.5.1 Addendum reduction ................................................................. II-538

16.5.2 Type of modification ................................................................. II-538

16.6 Settings ..................................................................................................... II-539

16.6.1 General ...................................................................................... II-539

16.6.2 Sizings ....................................................................................... II-540

16.7 Notes on face gear calculation .................................................................. II-541

16.7.1 Dimensioning ............................................................................ II-541

16.7.2 Pinion - Face gear with Z1 > Z2 ................................................ II-542

17 Worms w i th env elop in g w orm w hee ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I -543

17.1 Underlying principles of calculation......................................................... II-544

17.2 Basic data .................................................................................................. II-546

Inhalt

17.2.1 Axial/transverse module ............................................................ II-546

17.2.2 Pressure angle at normal section ............................................... II-546

17.2.3 Lead angle at reference circle .................................................... II-546

17.2.4 Center distance .......................................................................... II-547

17.2.5 Number of teeth ......................................................................... II-547

17.2.6 Facewidth .................................................................................. II-548

17.2.7 Profile shift coefficient .............................................................. II-548

17.2.8 Tooth thickness modification factor .......................................... II-549

17.2.9 Quality ....................................................................................... II-549

17.2.10 Geometry details ....................................................................... II-550

17.2.11 Material and lubrication ............................................................ II-551

17.3 Load .......................................................................................................... II-553

17.3.1 Strength calculation methods .................................................... II-553

17.3.2 Service life ................................................................................. II-554

17.3.3 Application factor ...................................................................... II-554

17.3.4 Permissible decrease in quality ................................................. II-554

17.3.5 Power, torque and speed ............................................................ II-555

17.3.6 Strength details .......................................................................... II-555

17.4 Tolerances ................................................................................................. II-559

17.5 Settings ..................................................................................................... II-560

17.5.1 General ...................................................................................... II-560

17.5.2 Reference gearing ...................................................................... II-561

17.5.3 Calculations ............................................................................... II-562

17.5.4 Required safeties ....................................................................... II-563

18 Cross ed h el ic al g ear s and p r ec is ion mec ha n ic s w orm s . . . . . . I I -565

18.1 Underlying principles of calculation......................................................... II-566

18.2 Basic data .................................................................................................. II-567

18.2.1 Normal module .......................................................................... II-567

18.2.2 Pressure angle at normal section ............................................... II-567

18.2.3 Helix angle reference circle gear 1 ............................................ II-567

18.2.4 Center distance .......................................................................... II-568

18.2.5 Facewidth .................................................................................. II-568

Inhalt

18.2.6 Profile shift coefficient .............................................................. II-568

18.2.7 Quality ....................................................................................... II-568

18.2.8 Define details of geometry ........................................................ II-569

18.2.9 Material and lubrication ............................................................ II-570

18.3 Load .......................................................................................................... II-571

18.3.1 Methods used for strength calculation ....................................... II-571

18.3.2 Service life ................................................................................. II-574

18.3.3 Application factor ...................................................................... II-575

18.3.4 Power, torque and speed ............................................................ II-575

18.3.5 Strength details .......................................................................... II-576

18.4 Settings ..................................................................................................... II-582

18.5 Notes ......................................................................................................... II-583

18.5.1 Checking the contact pattern ..................................................... II-583

19 Bevelo id g e ar s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I -584

19.1 Underlying principles of calculation......................................................... II-585

19.2 Basic data .................................................................................................. II-586

19.2.1 Normal module .......................................................................... II-586

19.2.2 Pressure angle at normal section ............................................... II-586

19.2.3 Helix angle ................................................................................ II-586

19.2.4 Shaft angle ................................................................................. II-586

19.2.5 Number of teeth ......................................................................... II-587

19.2.6 Width ......................................................................................... II-587

19.2.7 Cone angle ................................................................................. II-587

19.2.8 Profile shift coefficient (center) ................................................ II-587

19.2.9 Quality ....................................................................................... II-587

19.2.10 Material and lubrication ............................................................ II-587

19.3 Reference profile ...................................................................................... II-588

19.4 Modifications ............................................................................................ II-589

19.5 Factors ...................................................................................................... II-590

19.6 Dimensioning ............................................................................................ II-591

19.7 Manufacturing Data and Working Data .................................................... II-592

Inhalt

20 Non c irc u lar g ear s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I -593

20.1 Input data .................................................................................................. II-594

20.1.1 Geometry ................................................................................... II-594

20.1.2 Tolerances ................................................................................. II-597

20.1.3 Reference profile ....................................................................... II-597

20.2 How to use KISSsoft ................................................................................ II-599

20.2.1 Angle error ................................................................................ II-599

20.2.2 Checking the meshing ............................................................... II-599

20.2.3 Improve tooth form ................................................................... II-600

20.2.4 Accuracy of the tooth form ....................................................... II-600

20.2.5 Export individual teeth .............................................................. II-601

20.2.6 Report ........................................................................................ II-602

20.2.7 Temporary files ......................................................................... II-602

21 R ep ort men u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I -604

21.1 Drawing data ............................................................................................. II-605

21.2 Manufacturing tolerances ......................................................................... II-606

21.3 Summary ................................................................................................... II-607

21.4 Service life ................................................................................................ II-608

21.5 Sizing of torque......................................................................................... II-609

21.6 Proposal for the hardening depth EHT ..................................................... II-610

22 G rap hic s men u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I -611

22.1 AGMA 925 ............................................................................................... II-615

22.1.1 Thickness of lubrication film and specific oil film thickness .... II-615

22.2 2D geometry ............................................................................................. II-616

22.2.1 Gear tooth forms ........................................................................ II-616

22.2.2 Gear tool .................................................................................... II-617

22.2.3 Manufacturing a gear................................................................. II-617

22.2.4 Meshing ..................................................................................... II-617

22.2.5 Profile and tooth trace diagram ................................................. II-618

22.2.6 Flank curvature radii ................................................................. II-622

22.2.7 Angle of flank normal ............................................................... II-623

Inhalt

22.2.8 Drawing ..................................................................................... II-623

22.2.9 Assembly ................................................................................... II-623

22.2.10 Manufacturing drawing ............................................................. II-623

22.3 3D geometry ............................................................................................. II-626

22.3.1 Tooth system ............................................................................. II-627

22.3.2 Tooth form ................................................................................. II-627

22.4 Evaluation ................................................................................................. II-628

22.4.1 Specific sliding .......................................................................... II-628

22.4.2 Flash temperature ...................................................................... II-629

22.4.3 Hardening depth ........................................................................ II-630

22.4.4 Woehler line for material .......................................................... II-631

22.4.5 Safety factor curves ................................................................... II-632

22.4.6 Oil viscosity, depending on temperature ................................... II-632

22.4.7 Theoretical contact stiffness ...................................................... II-633

22.4.8 Contact line (face gear) ............................................................. II-634

22.4.9 Stress curve (face gear) ............................................................. II-635

22.4.10 Scuffing and sliding velocity (face gear)................................... II-636

22.5 Contact Analysis ....................................................................................... II-638

22.5.1 Axis alignment .......................................................................... II-638

22.5.2 Transmission error ..................................................................... II-638

22.5.3 Transmission error acceleration ................................................ II-639

22.5.4 Amplitude of transmission error ................................................ II-640

22.5.5 Contact lines on tooth flank ....................................................... II-640

22.5.6 Normal force curve .................................................................... II-640

22.5.7 Normal force distribution .......................................................... II-641

22.5.8 Torque curve ............................................................................. II-641

22.5.9 Single contact stiffness .............................................................. II-641

22.5.10 Stiffness curve ........................................................................... II-641

22.5.11 Amplitude of contact stiffness ................................................... II-642

22.5.12 Bearing force curve and direction of the bearing forces ........... II-642

22.5.13 Kinematics ................................................................................. II-643

22.5.14 Specific sliding .......................................................................... II-643

22.5.15 Power loss ................................................................................. II-643

Inhalt

22.5.16 Heat development ...................................................................... II-643

22.5.17 Stress curve ............................................................................... II-643

22.5.18 Flash temperature ...................................................................... II-644

22.5.19 Safety against micropitting ........................................................ II-644

22.5.20 Wear .......................................................................................... II-646

22.6 Gear pump ................................................................................................ II-649

22.7 3D export .................................................................................................. II-650

22.8 Settings ..................................................................................................... II-651

22.9 Graphics list .............................................................................................. II-652

23 A nsw ers to F req uen tly A sked Qu est ion s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I -653

23.1 Answers concerning geometry calculation ............................................... II-654

23.1.1 Precision mechanics .................................................................. II-654

23.1.2 Deep toothing or cylindrical gears with a high transverse contact

ratio II-654

23.1.3 Pairing an external gear to an inside gear that has a slightly different

number of teeth ....................................................................................... II-655

23.1.4 Undercut or insufficient effective involute ................................ II-655

23.1.5 Tooth thickness at tip ................................................................ II-656

23.1.6 Special toothing ......................................................................... II-656

23.1.7 Calculating cylindrical gears manufactured using tools specified in

DIN 3972 ................................................................................................ II-656

23.1.8 Variations in rolling as defined in DIN 58405 .......................... II-657

23.1.9 Automatic change of reference profiles .................................... II-658

23.1.10 Non-identical (mirrored symmetry) tooth flanks ...................... II-658

23.1.11 Internal teeth - differences in the reference profile if you select

different configurations .......................................................................... II-659

23.1.12 Effect of profile modifications .................................................. II-660

23.1.13 Number of teeth with common multiples .................................. II-661

23.1.14 Allowances for racks ................................................................. II-662

23.2 Answers to questions about strength calculation ...................................... II-663

23.2.1 Differences between different gear calculation programs ......... II-663

Inhalt

23.2.2 Difference between cylindrical gear calculation following ISO 6336

or DIN 3990 ............................................................................................ II-663

23.2.3 Calculation using Methods B or C (DIN 3990, 3991) ............... II-664

23.2.4 Required safeties for cylindrical gears ...................................... II-664

23.2.5 Insufficient scuffing safety ........................................................ II-665

23.2.6 Material pairing factor (strengthening an unhardened gear) ..... II-666

23.2.7 Defining the scoring load level (oil specification) .................... II-666

23.2.8 The influence of the face load factor KH for tooth trace deviation

fma is due to a manufacturing error. ....................................................... II-666

23.2.9 Load spectrum with changing torque ........................................ II-667

23.2.10 Strength calculation with several geometries on one gear ........ II-669

23.2.11 Bevel gears: Determine permitted overloads ......................... II-670

23.2.12 Take shot peening data into account in calculating the strength of

toothed gears ........................................................................................... II-671

23.2.13 Calculation according to AGMA 421.06 (High Speed Gears) .. II-672

23.2.14 Comparison of a FEM calculation with spiral-toothed gear wheel

calculation ............................................................................................... II-673

23.2.15 Estimate the strength of asymmetrical spur gear toothings ....... II-673

23.2.16 Determine the equivalent torque (for load spectra) ................... II-674

23.2.17 Check changes in safeties if the center distance changes .......... II-674

23.2.18 Warning: "Notch parameter qs . outside RANGE (1.0 to 8.0) ..."

II-675

23.3 Abbreviations used in gear calculation ..................................................... II-676

III Shafts and Bearings III-683

24 Def ining S haf ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I I -684

24.1 Input window ........................................................................................... III-687

24.1.1 Shaft editor ............................................................................... III-687

24.1.2 Elements tree ............................................................................ III-689

24.1.3 Elements list ............................................................................. III-690

24.1.4 Elements editor ......................................................................... III-691

24.2 Element overview .................................................................................... III-692

Inhalt

24.2.1 The Shaft element ..................................................................... III-692

24.2.2 Outer contour ............................................................................ III-697

24.2.3 Inner contour ............................................................................ III-704

24.2.4 Forces ....................................................................................... III-704

24.2.5 Bearing ..................................................................................... III-710

24.2.6 Connection elements ................................................................ III-713

24.2.7 Cross sections ........................................................................... III-715

24.3 Basic data ................................................................................................. III-716

24.3.1 Position of shaft axis in space .................................................. III-716

24.3.2 Number of eigenfrequencies .................................................... III-717

24.3.3 Number of buckling cases ........................................................ III-717

24.3.4 Speed ........................................................................................ III-717

24.3.5 Sense of rotation ....................................................................... III-718

24.3.6 Reference temperature .............................................................. III-718

24.3.7 Temperature of housing............................................................ III-719

24.3.8 Lubricant temperature .............................................................. III-720

24.3.9 Load spectra ............................................................................. III-720

24.3.10 Gears......................................................................................... III-721

24.3.11 Rolling bearings ....................................................................... III-721

24.3.12 Tolerance field .......................................................................... III-722

24.3.13 Modified rating life according ISO 281 ................................... III-724

24.3.14 Consider weight ........................................................................ III-725

24.3.15 Consider gyroscopic effect ....................................................... III-725

24.3.16 Housing material ...................................................................... III-725

24.3.17 Lubrication ............................................................................... III-725

24.3.18 Impurity .................................................................................... III-725

24.4 Module specific settings .......................................................................... III-727

24.4.1 Non-linear shaft ........................................................................ III-727

24.4.2 Take into account deformation due to shearing and shear correction

coefficient .............................................................................................. III-728

24.4.3 Activate offset of load center point .......................................... III-728

24.4.4 Use 2013 solver ........................................................................ III-729

24.4.5 Standard radius at shoulder ...................................................... III-729

Inhalt

24.4.6 Node density ............................................................................. III-729

24.4.7 Iterative calculation of load distribution................................... III-730

24.4.8 Input different load cycles for bending and torsion (for finite life

calculations) ........................................................................................... III-730

24.4.9 Axial clearance ......................................................................... III-730

24.4.10 Failure probability .................................................................... III-731

24.4.11 Required service life ................................................................. III-731

24.4.12 Maximum service life coefficient ............................................. III-731

24.4.13 Display critical bearing ............................................................ III-731

24.4.14 Surface roughness of housing ................................................... III-732

24.4.15 Calculation method for friction ................................................ III-732

24.4.16 Oil level .................................................................................... III-732

24.4.17 Type of oil lubrication .............................................................. III-733

24.4.18 Moment of friction, seals.......................................................... III-733

24.4.19 Bearing manufacturer ............................................................... III-733

24.4.20 Show coordinate system ........................................................... III-733

24.4.21 Show automatic dimensioning ................................................. III-733

24.4.22 Equivalent stress for sizings ..................................................... III-734

24.4.23 Maximum deflection for sizings ............................................... III-734

25 Calc ul at ing S h af t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I I -73 5

25.1 Deflection and Bearing Forces, Distribution and Force of Torque ......... III-737

25.1.1 Calculating force on bearings with a contact angle .................. III-739

25.2 Eigenfrequency ........................................................................................ III-742

25.2.1 Bending critical speed .............................................................. III-743

25.2.2 Torsion critical speed ............................................................... III-743

25.3 Buckling ................................................................................................... III-744

25.4 Strength .................................................................................................... III-745

25.4.1 Calculation method................................................................... III-746

25.4.2 Type of calculation ................................................................... III-751

25.4.3 Service life ................................................................................ III-753

25.4.4 Strength parameters in accordance with Hnchen and Decker III-753

25.4.5 Strength parameters in accordance with FKM ......................... III-754

Inhalt

25.4.6 Strength parameters in accordance with DIN ........................... III-756

25.4.7 Strength parameter according to AGMA ................................. III-757

25.4.8 Stress ........................................................................................ III-759

25.4.9 Stress ratio ................................................................................ III-759

25.4.10 Load factor for static analysis .................................................. III-760

25.4.11 Load factor for endurance calculation ...................................... III-760

25.4.12 Cross sections ........................................................................... III-761

25.4.13 Sizing ........................................................................................ III-763

25.4.14 Cross-section types ................................................................... III-763

25.4.15 General entries .......................................................................... III-769

25.5 Tooth trace modification .......................................................................... III-770

25.6 Campbell diagram .................................................................................... III-773

26 Beari ng c a lc ula tio n G enera l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I I -775

26.1 Classification of bearings ........................................................................ III-776

26.1.1 Properties .................................................................................. III-776

27 R oller bear ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I I -778

27.1 Selecting the type of roller bearing .......................................................... III-779

27.1.1 Properties of the most important bearing types ........................ III-779

27.1.2 Comparing types ...................................................................... III-781

27.2 Load capacity of roller bearings .............................................................. III-784

27.2.1 Dynamic load capacity ............................................................. III-784

27.2.2 Permissible static stress ............................................................ III-784

27.2.3 Bearing calculation with inner geometry ................................. III-785

27.3 Thermally permissible service speed ....................................................... III-786

27.3.1 Thermal reference speed .......................................................... III-786

27.3.2 Process for calculating thermally permitted operating speed (DIN

732-2) III-788

27.4 Moment of friction ................................................................................... III-790

27.4.1 Calculation according to SKF Catalog 2004 ............................ III-790

27.4.2 Calculation in accordance with SKF Catalog 1994 .................. III-792

27.5 Maximum Speeds .................................................................................... III-794

Inhalt

27.6 Service life ............................................................................................... III-795

27.6.1 Extended service life calculation in accordance with Supplement to

DIN ISO 281 (2007) .............................................................................. III-795

27.6.2 Service life calculation with load spectra ................................. III-796

27.7 Failure probability ................................................................................... III-798

27.8 Bearings with radial and/or axial force ................................................... III-798

27.9 Calculating axial forces on bearings in face-to-face or back-to-back

arrangements .................................................................................................... III-799

27.10 Oil level and Lubrication type ......................................................... III-801

27.11 EHL lubricant film thickness and spin to roll ratio. ......................... III-802

28 R oller Bear ing s (I nn er G eometr y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I I -803

28.1 Bearing data tab ....................................................................................... III-804

28.1.1 File interface ............................................................................. III-804

28.1.2 Bearing data .............................................................................. III-806

28.2 Load tab ................................................................................................... III-809

28.2.1 Load .......................................................................................... III-809

28.2.2 Enhanced service life calculation in accordance with ISO 281 III-809

28.3 Graphics ................................................................................................... III-811

28.3.1 Load distribution ...................................................................... III-811

28.3.2 Pressure curve .......................................................................... III-811

28.3.3 Stiffness curve .......................................................................... III-813

28.3.4 Pressure curve for each rolling body ........................................ III-814

29 Hydrody nam ic p l ain r a dial be aring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I I -815

29.1 Calculation methods ................................................................................ III-816

29.2 Module-specific inputs ............................................................................ III-817

29.3 Thermal expansion coefficients ............................................................... III-818

29.4 Average surface pressure ......................................................................... III-819

29.5 Lubrication arrangement ......................................................................... III-819

29.6 Heat transfer surface ............................................................................... III-823

29.7 Heat transfer coefficient ......................................................................... III-823

29.8 Oil temperatures ...................................................................................... III-823

Inhalt

29.9 Sizing the bearing clearance ................................................................... III-823

29.10 Sommerfeld number ........................................................................ III-824

29.11 Bearing width .................................................................................. III-824

29.12 Permissible thickness of lubrication film ......................................... III-825

3 0 Hydrody nam ic p l ain t h rust bear ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I I -826

30.1 Calculation ............................................................................................... III-829

30.2 Sizings ..................................................................................................... III-830

30.3 Calculation of volume-specific heat ........................................................ III-831

30.4 Limiting values in the calculation ............................................................ III-832

3 1 A nsw ers to F req uen tly A sked Qu est ion s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I I -83 3

31.1 Intersecting notch effects ......................................................................... III-834

31.2 Notch effects on hollow shafts................................................................. III-835

31.2.1 Notches on the outer contour .................................................... III-835

31.2.2 Notches on the inner contour .................................................... III-835

31.3 Fatigue Limits for New Materials ............................................................ III-836

31.4 Taking double helical gearing into account in the shaft calculation ........ III-837

IV Connections IV-838

3 2 Cyli ndric a l int erf eren c e f it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I V- 83 9

32.1 Inputting Tolerances ................................................................................ IV-842

32.2 Coefficients of friction ............................................................................. IV-843

32.3 Variable hub external diameter ................................................................ IV-845

32.4 Convert external pressure with multiple interference fit ......................... IV-846

32.5 Materials .................................................................................................. IV-847

32.6 Settings .................................................................................................... IV-848

32.7 Sizings ..................................................................................................... IV-850

3 3 Conic a l interf erenc e f it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I V- 85 1

33.1 Calculation ............................................................................................... IV-853

Inhalt

33.2 Application factor .................................................................................... IV-854

33.3 Axial spanning with nut ........................................................................... IV-855

33.4 Variable external diameter of the hub ...................................................... IV-857

33.5 Conicity ................................................................................................... IV-858

33.6 Materials .................................................................................................. IV-859

33.7 Settings .................................................................................................... IV-860

33.8 Sizings ..................................................................................................... IV-861

3 4 Clamp ed c onnec t ion s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I V- 862

34.1 Calculations ............................................................................................ IV-863

34.2 Sizings .................................................................................................... IV-864

34.3 Settings ................................................................................................... IV-864

34.4 Materials ................................................................................................. IV-865

3 5 Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I V- 866

35.1 Main screen .............................................................................................. IV-868

35.1.1 Additional inputs for DIN 6892 Method B .............................. IV-869

35.2 Application factor .................................................................................... IV-871

35.3 Load factor ............................................................................................... IV-873

35.4 Own inputs ............................................................................................... IV-874

35.5 Permissible pressure ................................................................................ IV-875

35.6 Materials .................................................................................................. IV-876

35.7 Settings .................................................................................................... IV-877

35.8 Sizings ..................................................................................................... IV-878

3 6 S p line sh af t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I V- 879

36.1 Standard profiles ...................................................................................... IV-880

36.2 Application factor .................................................................................... IV-881

36.3 Torque curve/Frequency of change of load direction .............................. IV-882

36.4 Occurring flank pressure .......................................................................... IV-883

36.5 Length factor ............................................................................................ IV-884

36.6 Share factor .............................................................................................. IV-885

36.7 Permissible pressure ................................................................................ IV-886

Inhalt

36.8 Materials .................................................................................................. IV-887

36.9 Settings .................................................................................................... IV-888

36.10 Sizings .............................................................................................. IV-889

3 7 S p line (str eng th ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I V- 890

37.1 Standard profiles ...................................................................................... IV-891

37.2 Application factor .................................................................................... IV-893

37.3 Torque curve/Frequency of change of load direction .............................. IV-894

37.4 Occurring flank pressure ......