manitoba metis federation: early history

8/10/2019 Manitoba Metis Federation: Early History

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Pnf Fmriy Ncsthry hg tnf Dmecthom

Dftcs Gf`frmtche

Imwrfebf L. Omrkwfii

Bhhr`cemthr hg Dftcs Nfrctmaf me` Ncsthry _fsfmrbnIhucs _cfi CestctutfEhvfdfr! "#$%


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Pnf Fmriy Ncsthry hg tnf Dmecthom Dftcs Gf`frmtche=

&rchr th tnf cebhr'hrmtche hg tnf DD( ce $)*+! tnf 'rcdmry hramec,mtche ghr shbcmimbtche ghr tnf Emtcvf 'fh'if ce Dmecthm wms tnf meeumi Ce`cme me` Dftcs Bhegfrfebfwncbn wms s'heshrf` y tnf Bhdduecty -figmrf &imeecea Bhuebci hg -ceec'fa. nf

DD( nm` cts stmrt ce tnf $)/#s wnfe tnfsf meeumi bhegfrfebfs fame th m''iy 'rfssurf hetnf sfechr ifvfis hg ahvfredfet ghr nhuscea 'rharmds. -nfrfms tnf gf`frmi ahvfredfet:=C?2 nm` cetrh`ubf` nhuscea 'rharmds he rfsfrvfs! tnf Dftcs wfrf ceficacif ghrnhuscea msscstmebf. nf Dftcs ghrdf` sfvfrmi nhuscea msshbcmtches ce hr`fr th 'rfssurftnf &rhvcebf hg Dmecthm ghr Dftcs nhuscea 'rharmds. 0usf6ufetiy! tnfsf nhusceamsshbcmtches mdmiamdmtf` th ghrd tnf Dmecthm Dftcs Nhuscea ?sshbcmtche.

Ce $)*+! mt tnf meeumi dfftcea hg tnf Ce`cme me` Dftcs Bhegfrfebf! m eudfr hgDftcs mttfe`cea tnf dfftcea rfmic,f` tnmt tnf `cstrcutche hg `fifamtfs th tncs bhegfrfebfwms `fscaef` th gmvhur (crst Emtche7s `fifamtfs me` tnf Dftcs `fbc`f` tnfy bhui` heiydmkf tnfcr bhebfres nfmr` cg tnfy nm` me ce`f'fe`fet vhcbf. Ofbmusf hg tnfsf bhebfres

tnf bhegfrfebf wms f1tfe`f` ghr me m``ctchemi `my. nf Dftcs susf6ufetiy dft ce 'rcvmtfme` `fbc`f` th ghrd m (f`frmtche hg Dftcs 'fh'if. -nfe tnf bhegfrfebf rfbhevfef` tnfhggcbcmi rfsuit wms th ghrd twh sf'mrmtf hramec,mtches! tnf Dmecthm Ce`cme Orhtnfrnhh`me` me hramec,mtche :ueemdf`2 th rf'rfsfet tnf Dftcs. ? bhddcttff hg twh wms bnhsfe thihhk mt tnf ghrdmtche hg m 'rhvcebcmi Dftcs msshbcmtche. -nfe `fifamtfs wfrf `csbussceatnf ghrdmtche hg tnf DD(! m imwyfr wnh nm''fef` th hvfrnfmr tnf bhevfrsmtche!vhiuetffrf` th `rmw u' m bhestctutche ghr tnfd. nmt imwyfr wms =mif >cshe! wnh imtfrfbmdf m imw 'rhgfsshr mt tnf 3ecvfrscty hg Dmecthm me` wnh wms mish tnf imwyfr wnhcectcmtf` tnf =mecfi7s Bmsf!"mitnhuan nf wms imtfr rf'imbf` ms bhuesfi.

nrff dhetns imtfr tnf Dftcs `fifamtfs mamce mssfdif` ce -ceec'fa me` ghrdmiiy

cebhr'hrmtf . nus tnf Dmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche wms ghue`f` he ucimuit! hd 9maif me` ?eaus 0'febf. nf gcrst 'rhvcschemi hmr` wms fifbtf` th nhi`hggcbf uetci tnf gcrst meeumi dfftcea! mt tncs tcdf ?`md Butnme` wms 'rfsc`fet me` tnfvcbf;'rfsc`fets wfrf Lhf 4ff'fr me` ?igrf` =csrhwf.

Ce ?'rci hg $)*5 mt tnf (hurtffetn ?eeumi Ce`cme me` Dftcs bhegfrfebf tnf Ce`cmesme` Dftcs dft sf'mrmtfiy ghr tnf gcrst tcdf. nfrf wfrf $$) `fifamtfs mt tncs gcrst meeumi

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nf subbfsscvf 'rfsc`fets hg tnf DD( nmvf ffe8 =r. ?`md Butnme` :$)*+;$)+#2! ?eaus 0'febf :$)+#;$)+J2! Bheecf 9yhigshe :$)+J;$)+%2! (fr`ceme` >uchbnf :$)+%;$)+/2! 9`wmr` Nfm` :$)+/;$)+*2! LhneDhrrcssfmu :$)+*;$)5$2! =he DbCvhr :$)5$;$)5%2! -. Mvhe =udhet :$)5%;$))J2! 9recf Oimcs :$))J;$))%2! Ociiyh =fIm_he`f :$))%;$))+2 me` =mvc` Bnmrtrme` :$))+ th tnf 'rfsfet2.

"Ce tncs bmsf tnf (f`frmi Bhurt he Lmeumry 5! "#$J `fbimrf` tnhsf 'frshes wnh mrf D@tcs me` tnhsf wnhmrf ehe;stmtus Ce`cmes ms sft ghrtn ce tnf _fmshes ghr Lu`adfet mrf FCe`cmesG wctnce tnf dfmecea hg tnff1'rfssche FCe`cmes me` Ime`s rfsfrvf` ghr tnf Ce`cmesG bhetmcef` ce s )$:"%2 hg tnf Bhestctutche ?bt!$5*+.

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dfftcea hg tnf DD(. nf Dmecthm Dftcs Nhuscea ?sshbcmtche ehw fbmdf tnf NhusceaBhddcttff hg tnf DD(. ?gtfr m`h'tche hg m Bhestctutche tnf gcrst fifbtf` hmr` hg`crfbthrs wfrf _fvfrfe` ?`md Butnme`J :&rfsc`fet2! (fr`ceme` >uchbnf :=mu'nce_fache2! Lhne (c``ifr :nf &ms _fache2! f` 0cdmr` :0hutnfre _fache2 me` hd 9maifgrhd -ceec'fa sfrvf` ms Nhehrmry &rfsc`fet. ?t gcrst! DD( h'frmtches wfrf su''hrtf`

y gue`cea grhd vmrchus bnurbnfs! uscefssdfe7s `hemtches me` m 'rhvcebcmibhetrcutche.

nf DD( rf'rfsfets m gf`frmtche hg sfvfrmi hramec,mtches mt tnf bhdduecty ifvfikehwe ms ihbmis :ihbmi bhuebcis2. Dmey hg tnfsf wfrf ce h'frmtche ghr yfmrs fghrf tnfDD( bmdf ceth f1cstfebf ms ihbmi nhuscea msshbcmtches hr buiturmi hramec,mtches. nfgcrst bhestctutche wms strubturf` th miihw mey Dftcs hramec,mtche wciicea th mbbf't tnfbhestctutche hg tnf DD( th fbhdf 'mrt hg tnf gf`frmtche scd'iy y 'msscea m rfshiutcheme` ghrwmr`cea ct th DD(. (hr f1md'if! tnf 0t. Imurfet Ihbmi wms hrcacemiiy m rmebn hgtnf I7ueche emtchemif d@tcssf 0mcet;Lhsf'n `u Dmecthm.%Ihbmis wfrf mish grff th ifmvftnf gf`frmtche! ghr f1md'if sfvfrmi ihbmis wnh nm` ffe 'mrt hg tnf Ehrtnfre Nmigrff`

?sshbcmtche ce nf &ms _fache ifgt DD( th ghrd tnfcr hwe ehe;stmtus Emtcvfhramec,mtche./

nf gcrst DD( hggcbf wms ihbmtf` mt %/J Ehtrf =mdf ?vfeuf ce -ceec'fa. ?iheawctn &rfsc`fet Butnme` tnf DD( nm` stmgg dfdfrs! Lhf 4ff'fr :91fbutcvf =crfbthr2!&frby Ocr :Bhesuitmet2 me` Amifrcf 4iyef :0fbrftmry2. nfrf wfrf mish ghur gcfi`whrkfrs ?e`rfw 4crkefss :nhdshe ?rfm2! Lhf Bhhkf :>rme` _m'c`s2! ?eaus 0'febf:=mu'nce ?rfm2 me` Lhf nhdms Lr.*:rmvfrsf Omy ?rfm2.

9i`fr >fhraf (ifury rfbmiis tnmt ncs wms fifbtf` th tnf hmr` hg DD( wnfe tnf ef1tfifbtches nfi` 'rchr th tnf meeumi afefrmi dfftcea bhevfef` ce Lmeumry hg $)*). Nf smystnfrf wfrf sc1 rfaches :-ceec'fa wms 'mrt hg 0hutnfmst2

?eaus 0'febf &rfsc`fetBheecf nhdms 9yhigshe A& 0hutnfmst _fache>fhraf (ifury A& 0hutnwfst _fache

J?t tnmt tcdf _fvfrfe` Butnme` wms tnf ?eaicbme Bnurbn `crfbthr hg Ce`cme;Dftcs sfrvcbfs ghr _u'frtsime`%


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?igrf` Nfm` A& &ms _facheOfe nhd'she A& nhd'she _fache-mitfr Dfemr` A& Ehrtnwfst _facheNhwmr` ?snmd Cetfrimkf _fache

?t tnf tcdf hg tnf ghue`cea hg dhst hg tnf Dftcs 'hictcbmi hramec,mtches ce wfstfreBmem`m tnf mbtcvcsts wfrf dm`f u' hg Dftcs me` Ehe;0tmtus Ce`cmes. Dmey hg tnf Ehe;0tmtus Ce`cmes bhui` fmsciy c`fetcgy wctn Dftcs fbmusf tnfcr dhtnfrs hr gmtnfrs wfrfdmrrcf` th m Dftcs s'husf hr tnfy nm` arme`'mrfets wnh wfrf Dftcs. Dmey hg tnf whdfecevhivf` wctn tnf Dmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche `fvfih'dfet nm` ihst tnfcr (crst Emtchesstmtus wnfe tnfy dmrrcf` Dftcs dfe. 9ic,mftn Cscstfr me` Dmry >ucimuit mrf f1md'ifshg tnfsf whdfe. ?t tnf tcdf tnf DD( bhestctutche miihwf` dfdfrsnc' hg fegrmebncsf`Ce`cmes c.f. meyhef wnh nm` ihst tnfcr trfmty rcants hr wnh nm` acvfe u' ncs nfr trfmtyrcants.

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$)*) rf`rmgtf` hue`mrcfs

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Burrfet rfachemi hue`mrcfs

Gfr`ceme` Aucohbnf rfbmiis tnf ghue`cea hg DDGfrmi` 9yhigshe. Ce $)/+! mt maf "$! snfdmrrcf` >frmi` me` tnfy susf6ufetiy nm` ecef bnci`rfe. -nfe gcrst dmrrcf` tnfy dhvf`th &cef (miis wnfrf snf fame whrkcea mt tnf nhs'ctmi. =urcea $)*+;+#! snf wmsfd'ihyf` mt m bihtncea gmbthry! tnfe mt Bnci`rfe7s Nhdf hg -ceec'fa mt tnfcr suddfrbmd' mt Nciisc`f Ofmbn. Imtfr! wnfe Bnci`rfe7s Nhdf bihsf` tncs bmd'! Bheecf huant ctth sfrvf ms tnf sctf ghr 0trhea 9mrtn -hdme7s Ih`af.

Bheecf wms miwmys m bhdduecty mbtcvcst. Ce (frumry $)+$! ce rfs'hesf th tnf 'hhrnhuscea bhe`ctches hg tnf Dftcs mt rmvfrsf Omy! snf ghrdf` tnf rmvfrsf Omy Dftcs

)Lhsf'n nhdms wms hre he DmyJ! $)#$ ce Omismd Omy! Dmecthm! me` `cf` Luiy ")! $)+5 ce &cef (miis!Dmecthm. Nf wms tnf she hg >fhraf nhdms me` ?`fimc`f Dhrce. Lhscf dmrrcf` Dmu`f Lfeeceas he Luef$+! $)"* ce 0turafhe Ime`cea! 0mskmtbnfwme.$#Dmu`f 9ic,mftn Lfeeceas! wms hre Luiy "! $)#) ce Budfrime` Nhusf! 0mskmtbnfwme8 `cf` (frumry"%! $)5/ ce 0fikcrk! Dmecthm. 0nf wms tnf `muantfr hg -ciicmd Nfery Lfeeceas me` Dmry Dma`mifefDb4my.

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?sshbcmtche! th sfrvf ms m ehe;'rhgct nhuscea bhr'hrmtche. 0nf wms tnfe fifbtf` ms0fbrftmry;rfmsurfr hg tnf ?sshbcmtche. Ce Luef hg tnf smdf yfmr fifbtf` ms Acbf;&rfsc`fethg tnf 0hutn;-fst _fache hg tnf DD(. 0nf wms rf;fifbtf` y mbbimdmtche ghr twh gurtnfrtfrds ce $)+" me` $)+J :m twh;yfmr tfrd2.

Bheecf wms m''hcetf` ms ?btcea &rhvcebcmi &rfsc`fet hg tnf DD( ce Dmy hg $)+J! th

sfrvf `urcea tnf tcdf tnmt ?eaus 0'febf wms armetf` m ifmvf hg msfebf. ncsm''hcetdfet! cectcmiiy dm`f y tnf Ohmr` hg =crfbthrs! wms rmtcgcf` mt tnf ghiihwcea?eeumi >fefrmi ?ssfdiy hg DD(. 0nf wms mish m ghue`cea dfdfr hg tnf rmvfrsf Omy:gcsnfrdme7s2 Bh;h'.

Ce $)5#! wctn ecef bnci`rfe! Bheecf mttmcef` nfr Ombnfihr hg ?rts grhd tnf 3ecvfrsctyhg Dmecthm. Nfr bmrffr! wncbn cebiu`f` whrk ghr Bnci`rfe7s Nhdf hg -ceec'fa! tnfDmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche! tnf ?ibhnhicsd (hue`mtche hg Dmecthm! ?ecsncemf 0bnhhi!me` tnf >hvfredfet hg Bmem`m 0fbrftmry hg 0tmtf =f'mrtdfet! wms dhrf tnme m sfrcfs hgh tctifs8 ce`ff`! ct wms m tfstmdfet th nfr ficfg ce tnf Dftcs me` (crst Emtches 'fh'if.

3etci nfr rftcrfdfet! Bheecf wms m ihea;tfrd fd'ihyff hg tnf Bmem`m 0fbrftmry hg

0tmtf `f'mrtdfet. 0nf wms cevhivf` ms m vhiuetffr ghr dmey htnfr bhdduecty arhu's.0nf sfrvf` he tnf Ohmr` hg =crfbthrs hg tnf (mdciy &imeecea ?sshbcmtche hg Dmecthm8tnf 91fbutcvf Bhddcttff hg tnf &rfaemeby =cstrfss 0frvcbf8 tnf (csnfrdme7s Icbfesf?''fmi Ohmr`8 me` tnf _fdhtf Nhuscea Bhddcttff. ?gtfr rftcrfdfet! ce $))"! snffstmicsnf` F0trhea 9mrtn -hdme7s Ih`af!G m nfmicea bfetfr shutn hg >rme` Dmrmcs!Dmecthm. nfe! ghr hvfr m `fbm`f! snf nfi'f` bhuetifss 'fh'if! gmdcicfs me`bhdduectcfs th gce` tnfcr hwe 'mtn th nfmicea tnfcr s'crcts

Afhraf Gifury%:. $)J/2

>fhraf (ifury cs hef hg tnf ghue`frs hg tnf Dmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche. Ce tnf gcrstfifbtche ce $)*5 nf wms fifbtf` ms Acbf &rfsc`fet grhd tnf 0hutn -fst _fache. $$Nf wfethe th sfrvf he tnf DD( Ohmr` hg =crfbthrs uetci $)+). nf 0- _fache Ohmr` whrkf`hut hg Dceef`hsm ghr tnrff yfmrs tnfe ce $)+$ >fhraf h'fef` tnf gcrst DD( hggcbf ceOrme`he.

>fhraf wms hre mt 0tf. Dm`fifcef! Dmecthm he Dmrbn $"! $)J/. Nf cs tnf she hgLfme 9`humr` (ifury :$)##;$)+%2 me` ?eef If`hu1 :$)#";$)*%2. Ncs 'mtfremiarme`'mrfets mrf (rmebhcs F(rmekG (ifury me` Dmramrft Imacdh`cfrf8 ncs dmtfremiarme`gmtnfr wms Em'hifhe If`hu1. nf gmdciy icvf` mt 0tf. Dm`fifcef uetci tnfcr nhdfme` ime` wms f1'rh'rcmtf` y ue`fr tnf &rmcrcf (mrd _fnmcictmtche ?bt me` turef` cethbhdduecty 'msturf. >fhraf gcrst mttfe`f` Omidmrcem 0bnhhi efmr Ocesbmrtn mgtfr tnfgmdciy nm` dhvf` heth -ciur -rcant7s ime` mt Ocesbmrtn. >fhraf rfturef` th sbnhhi ghrarm`f twh wnfe (mdciy ?iihwmebfs wfrf fstmicsnf` me` bnci`rfe nm` th mttfe` sbnhhighr dhtnfrs th aft tnf miihwmebf. Nf tnfe nm` th wmik sc1 dcifs th sbnhhi8 ihbmtf` mt(huciimr`7s Bhrefr. >fhraf wms hut he ncs hwe whrkcea ms m sfmshemi whrkfr grhd mafgcgtffe.

$$0tfvf Imvmiiff me` _ctm Dbmvcsn wfrf fifbtf` ms dfdfrs mt imraf grhd 0- _fache ce tnmt fifbtche.

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>fhraf dmrrcf` 9`ctn Ifmdcea ce $)/+. nfy wfrf icvcea ce tnf vmiify mt Ocesbmrtnme` dhvf` th Dceef`hsm ce tnf $)*#s. ?gtfr >fhraf hvfrbmdf me mibhnhi m``cbtche'rhifd nf wfet he th nmvf m ihea bmrffr ms m bhuesfihr wctn tnf ?``cbtches (hue`mtchehg Dmecthm! nmvcea stmrtf` wctn tnfd ce $)5#. 0cebf ncs rftcrfdfet ce $))) nf nms`f`cbmtf` ncdsfig th duscb! rfvcvcea tnf hi` Dcbncg$" sheas me` nms ffe m ihea;tcdf

dfdfr hg tnf DD( Dcbncg Imeaumaf Bhddcttff. >fhraf sceas me` 'imys auctmr. Ncsgmtnfr Lfme (ifury wms m wfii;kehwe Dftcs gc``ifr.

nfcr she Lhne (ifury nms ghiihwf` ncs gmtnfr ceth 'hictcbs me` cs m dfdfr hg tnfDD( Ohmr` hg =crfbthrs. Nf wms gcrst fifbtf` ce "### me` nms nfi` dmhr 'hrtghichs cetnf Dftcs ahvfredfet. Nf mish sfrvfs he tnf Ohmr` hg >hvfrehrs hg tnf Dftcs Emtchemibhuebci. nfcr `muantfr >fhracem Icfrty cs tnf =crfbthr hg Dftcs rc'mrtctf 0fig>hvfredfet Efahtcmtches ghr DD(.

)hrdme Gifury :. $)%)2

Ehrdme (ifury cs hef hg tnf ghue`frs hg DD( me` burrfetiy tfmbnfs ghr tnf >mrcfi=udhet Cestctutf ce 0mskmthhe! 0mskmtbnfwme.

Ehrdme (ifury cstnf she hg (ihrm(ifury$Jme` stf'gmtnfrLhsf'n 9`wmr` (ifury.Ncs dhtnfr7s dmc feemdf wms Ifbimcrf8 nfr'mrfets wfrf LfmeOm'tcstf Ifbimcr$% me`

(ihrm If'cef.

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Ehrdme7sarfmt;arme gmtnfr wmsLhsf'n (ifury 0r. hre$5") mt 0t. Ohecgmbf. Nfwms tnf hi`fr rhtnfr hg&mtrcbf (ifury! hef hg tnfDftcs ifm`frs `urcea tnf$55/ _fscstmebf mtOmthbnf. &mtrcbf wms m

$">fhraf rfgfrs th ncs Dftcs imeaumaf ms FBrffG ms `h dhst hg tnf hi`fr Dcbncg s'fmkfrs.$J (ihrfebf F(ihrmG IfBimcr hre Luef ""! $)#" ce tnf _urmi Duecbc'micty hg 9iicbf! efmr 0t. Im,mrf!

Dmecthm8 dmrrcf` Lhsf'n 9`wmr` (ifury hre bcrbm $)#" ce 0t. Im,mrf `cstrcbt! Dmecthm. nfy wfrfdmrrcf` he Ehvfdfr *! $)"J ce 0t. Im,mrf. Lhsf'n wms tnf she hg 9`humr` (ifury me` Emtmicf F_hsfGOhyfr. Ehrdme7s gmtnfr wms Ofremr` (ifury she hg Lfme (ifury me` Dmrcf Afrdfttf.$%Lfme;Om'tcstf;FLhneG;IfBimcr;IfBimcrf! IfBifrb wms hre 0f'tfdfr "! $5+5 ce 0wme Imkf =cstrcbt! efmrOhaay Brffk! Dmecthm ` ce 0t Im,mrf! Dmecthm! tnf she hg Lhsf'n IfBimcr me` Ihucsf Ohus6uft. LfmeOm'tcstf dmrrcf` (ihrm If'cef Ehvfdfr $55$ d Luiy J#! $)#$ ce 9iicbf! efmr 0t. Im,mrf! Dmecthm.$/nf 'mrfets hg (ihrm If'cef :$555;$)+"2 wfrf Lfme;Om'tcstf If'cef me` Luicf (ifury. Lfme Om'tcstf

If'cef wms hre (frumry +! $5%% mt 0(H! tnf she hg Lfme Om'tcstf If'cef 0r. :. $5"#2 me` 0u,meef>mrcf'y. Luicf (ifury hre $5%/ wms tnf `muantfr hg Ihucs (ifury :. $5"#2 me` Dmraufrctf rhttcfr.

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dfdfr hg -my;kf;af;kf;,ncbk7s Ome` hg Bnc''fwm Ce`cmes me` m''fmrs he tnf meeuctyrhiis ce $5*5 ms Ome` $+*. Ncs wcgf! ?amtnf -cikcf me` nfr gmtnfr Lfme Om'tcstf -cikcfnm` ffe dfdfrs hg tnf Icttif 0nfii Ome` tnfe -my;kf;af;kf;,ncbk7s Ome` hg Bnc''fwmCe`cmes `urcea tnf $5*#s. ?amtnf wms >mrcfi =udhet7s scstfr;ce;imw.

Ehrdme nms trmvfiif` tnrhuanhut Bmem`m! tnf 3ectf` 0tmtfs! me` tnf whri` :Lm'meme` tnf 0bme`cemvcme bhuetrcfs2 th f`ubmtf 'fh'if he tnf cetrcbmbcfs me` ncsthry hg tnfDcbncg imeaumaf. Ehrdme nms mish whrkf` wctn tnf Ihucs _cfi Cestctutf me` tnf >mrcfi=udhet Cestctutf th `h eudfrhus hhk trmesimtches ceth Dcbncg me` th 'rhvc`f m s'hkferfbhr` hg Dcbncg he tnf B=s tnmt mbbhd'mey tnfsf 'uicbmtches.

Ehrdme (ifury wms tnf =crfbthr hg tnf Dmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche DcbncgImeaumafs &rharmd me` Emtchemi8 Bh;bnmcr hg tnf Dftcs Emtchemi Bhuebci7s DcbncgImeaumaf _fvctmic,mtche &rharmd. Ehrdme brf`cts ncs $#$;yfmr;hi` dhtnfr me` nfrdhtnfr wctn tfmbncea ncd tnf cd'hrtmebf hg tnf Dcbncg imeaumaf. F-nfe yhu wfet th nfr:arme`dhtnfr7s2 'imbf me` s'hkf th nfr ce 9eaicsn! snf7` smy! ]0'fmk th df ce hur

imeaumaf. C `he7t ue`frstme` yhu. C7d eht me 9eaicsn whdme me` dy imeaumaf cs Dcbncg.7Dy arme`dhtnfr ihhkf` mt hur imeaumaf ms m s'crctumi imeaumaf! m >h` acvfe imeaumaf.GEhrdme wms hre me` rmcsf` 0t. Im,mrf! Dmecthm bihsf th tnf ncsthrcb NOB! (hrt 9iicbfhe tnf Bmrithe rmci.

Ehrdme thhk tfmbnfr7s trmcecea tnrhuan tnf CD&?B9 'rharmd hggfrf` y Orme`he

3ecvfrscty. Nf wms tnf `crfbthr ghr tnf `rua me` mibhnhi musf 'rharmd hg tnf =mkhtmrme` Amiify Ihbmi wms ghrdf`!susf6ufetiy! wnfe nf wms whrkcea mt tnf


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ce $)++ nf stmrtf` tnf _cvfrs Ihbmi hg tnf DD(. Nf imtfr sfrvf` he tnf DD( Ohmr` hg=crfbthrs $))J th $))+. ?rbncf Emfss wms tnf bnmcr hg tnf Bmem`cme Emtcvf LustcbfIfmauf ce tnf $)+#s! _fef Nhuif fbmdf me DD( sfemthr! me` wms vcbf;'rfsc`fet! me`'rfsc`fet hg tnf DD( ce Orme`he. ?iime _hss imtfr fbmdf Bncfg hg tnf Ehrwmy NhusfOme`.

(hr dmey yfmrs Ehrdme sfrvf` he tnf ?`vcshry Ohmr` hg tnf ?hrcacemi Bhurt -hrk&rharmd. Nf mish sfrvf` ghr dmey yfmrs he tnf 9i`fr7s ?`vcshry Bhuebci hg Orme`he3ecvfrscty. Ehrdme nms mish whrkf` wctn tnf urtif Dhuetmce Bnc''fwm Ce`cme rcmiBhuebci mt Ofibhurt! Ehrtn =mkhtm he `fvfih'dfet hg Dcbncg Imeaumaf burrcbuiud.

Ofsc`fs (rfebn me` 9eaicsn! Ehrdme s'fmks sfvfe hg tnf ?hrcacemi imeaumafsbhddhe th tnf Dftcs. Ehrdme cs mutnhr hg Im Imwea< Dcbcg !ff"cs"wfwce< #fBmem`cme Dcbcg Imeaumaf $cbtchemr%:-ceec'fa Dftcs _fshurbf Bfetrf me` DmecthmDftcs (f`frmtche! "###2. Ce Dmrbn hg "##%! &ftfr Omkkfr me` Ehrdme (ifury bhd'iftf`Ifmre Dcbcg< &cs"fftm Dcbcg. ncs imeaumaf B= cs cetfe`f` th msscst tnf stu`fet th

ifmre Dcbncg y icstfecea. nfrf cs me mbbhd'meycea nme`hhk. Ncs imtfst dmhr 'rhfbtwms

(ifury! Ehrdme! >cifrt &fiiftcfr! Lfmeef &fiiftcfr! Lhf -fisn! Ehrdm -fisn! Lmecbf=f&ffi me` Bmrrcf 0mamemebf. 'thrcfs hg Hur !fh(if - Icc )cstwm%r `c im emms%hhe `cDcbcg< * Dtcs +rm(cb Eh,fi *ethiha%. 0mskmthhe >mrcfi =udhet Cestctutf!"##5.

nfsf D@tcs sthrcfs sfmdifssiy ife` bnmrmbtfrs me` dhtcgs grhd Brff!


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tnf =ubk Dhuetmce 0bnhhi =cvcsche me` Bnmcrdme hg tnf hwe Bhuebci. Nf wmscestrudfetmi ce tnf ghrdmtche hg tnf Ehrtnfre ?sshbcmtche hg Bhdduecty Bhuebcis ceDmecthm. (hr m eudfr hg yfmrs nf nfi` me m''hcetdfet th tnf Duitc;Buiturmi Bhuebci hgBmem`m.

Dmry Oh#frs Auciomuitucimuit mrf bhesc`frf` th f 'cvhtmi ce tnfghue`cea hg Dmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche. Dmry sfrvf` he tnf DD( Ohmr` hg =crfbthrsgrhd $)+/ th $)+5 me` nfi` tnf 9ùbmtche &hrtghich. =urcea $)5*;$)55! nfr `muantfrDyrm Imrmdff sfrvf` he tnf DD( hmr`.

Dmry wms hre he Luef $)! $)J# ce (csnfr _cvfr! Dmecthm! tnf `muantfr hg 9icmnme` &rcsbciim Ohwfrs. 0nf arfw u' s'fmkcea Brff he tnf (csnfr _cvfr (crst Emtche. 0nfs'fet dmey hg nfr bnci`nhh` yfmrs he tnf ime` wctn nfr 'mrfets me` arme`'mrfets!trm''cea! nuetcea me` gcsncea.

Ce tnf gmii hg $)%J! tnf Ce`cme ?afet wncskf` nfr mwmy th _fsc`fetcmi 0bnhhi! gcrstmt Orme`he ghr sfvfrmi yfmrs! tnfe th Ocrtif Dmecthm wnfrf snf bhd'iftf` ncan sbnhhi. Ctwms mt tncs tcdf tnmt snf fbmdf bhevcebf` tnmt fùbmtche wms hg arfmt cd'hrtmebf cehr`fr th bhd'ftf wctnce tnf imrafr shbcfty. 0nf cs m rftcrf` shbcmi whrkfr grhd tnfDmecthm =f'mrtdfet hg Nfmitn me` 0hbcmi0frvcbfs. 0nf whrkf` ce tncs 'hsctche ghrtwfety sc1 yfmrs.

Dmry dft 9recf >ucimuit snhrtiy mgtfrbhd'iftcea sbnhhi me` tnfy dmrrcf` he Luef"J! $)/#. 9recf >ucimuit wms hre me` rmcsf`ce (meeystfiif. nfy sfttif` ce -ceec'fa me`rmcsf` gcvf `muantfrs! mii hg wnhd bhd'iftf`'hst sfbhe`mry fùbmtche me` htmcef`fd'ihydfet ce vmrchus 'rhgfsschemi gcfi`s!grhd fùbmtche th shbcmi whrk. 0nf cs tnfarme`dhtnfr hg ecef arme`bnci rfe me`tncrtffe arfmt;arme`bnci`rfe.

Ce "##5! tnf Dmr% +uciomuit DftcsOursmr% wms fstmicsnf` ce nfr nhehur mt tnf3ecvfrscty hg -ceec'fa.

Dmry7s bhetrcutches th tnf bhdduecty cebiu`f

nf nhuscea stu`y tnmt rfsuitf` ce tnf Ihr` 0fikcrk &mrk Nhuscea =fvfih'dfet

$5

Dmry >ucimuit 'nhth bhurtfsy hg 0nmeehe ?iimr`


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?e u'arm`cea 'rharmd tnmt fbmdf emtchemiiy rfbhaec,f` me` m`h'tf` y Bmem`m

Dme'hwfr

(hrdcea tnf ?hrcacemi Bhurt Bhdduecbmthrs &rharmd wctn Luàf L. _cbf! Luàf

Cme =ucfeskc me` =hrhtny Oft,.

nf fstmicsndfet hg tnf &rcebf hg -mifs&rcebfss ?ee ursmry ghr Dftcs stu`fets

nf fstmicsndfet hg bhuesficea me` tuthrcea sfrvcbfs ghr tnf gmbuitcfs hg Eurscea!9ùbmtche me` shbcmi -hrk mt Orme`he 3ecvfrscty me` tnf 3ecvfrscty hg Dmecthm

nf fstmicsndfet hg smtfiictf uecvfrsctcfs ce ehrtnfre Dmecthm rfsuitcea ce

?sscechcef Bhiifaf me` 4ffwmtce Bhiifaf

nf fstmicsndfet hg tnf Df`cme Brf`ct 3eche

&rfsc`fet hg tnf Ohmr` hg 4cefw Nhuscea ce $)+#

Dfdfr hg tnf Ohmr` hg `crfbthrs he Dftcs -hdfe hg Dmecthm

Ce rfbfet yfmrs snf nms ffe scttcea he tnf ghiihwcea hmr`s

nf 9ic,mftn (ryf 0hbcfty hg Dmecthm

nf ?ii Emtches rm`ctchemi Nfmicea Bfetrf Ceb. nf Ihucs _cfi Cestctutf! ms me m''hcetff hg tnf Dcecstfr hg ?`vmebf` 9ùbmtche

me` Ictfrmby

(hr tnf imst gfw yfmrs snf nms mish ffe m 'rfsfetfr me` 9i`fr mt tnf 'mwmef$mahscwce< *ohrcacemi ùbmtche fsfmrb Ghruds ce -ceec'fa. nus snf bhetceufs th'rhvc`f auc`mebf th vmst eudfrs hg ?hrcacemi yhutn me` mùits. Ce 'rhdhtcea tnftrm`ctchemi buiturmi vmiufs hg tnf mebfsthrs! snf smys Fghr df! tnf rfvctmic,mtche hg dybuiturf me` trm`ctchemi c`fetcty dmey yfmrs mah nms msscstf` df wctn cssufs tnmt nmvftrmudmtc,f` df ce tnf 'mst. 3e`frstme`cea tnf wcs`hd me` s'crctumicty hg hur mebfsthrsrceas dmey fefgcts ceth tnf fvfry`my icvfs hg hur 'fh'if.G

nf Dmry >ucimuit Oursmry! m Dftcs stu`fet ursmry nms ffe sft u' th msscst Dftcsyhutn ce mttfe`cea 'hst;sfbhe`mry fùbmtche ce Dmecthm.

$igrf` &%Nfm`% :. $)$/2

?igrf` Nfm` wms hre he Ehvfdfr $/! $)$/ mt nf &ms! Dmecthm. Ncs gmtnfr!nhdms Nfm`! wms m trm''fr me` vhymafur! hre mt 4cecstceh! 0mskmtbnfwme. Ncs dhtnfr!mish hre mt nf &ms! wms Ic,,fttf Dmrbfiimcs :$5+);$)//2. ?igrf`7s 'mrfets ifgt nf &msth ghiihw tnf hhd yfmrs mt 0turafhe Ime`cea me` (ice (ihe! imtfr sftticea mt Brmefrry&hrtmaf. nhdms `cf` mt me fmriy maf me` Ic,,fttf rfdmrrcf` Lmdfs FBmrchuG 0dctn grhd

Dhetmem. Lmdfs nm` ffe m wmtfr hy ghr Ouggmih Ocii Bh`y. Lmdfs grfcantf` ce tnf ehrtnwctn `ha me` nhrsf tfmds! tnfe sfttif` ce Brmefrry &hrtmaf wnfrf nf rme m `rmyceauscefss. Nf `cf` ce $)/% mt maf )/.

?igrf` mttfe`f` _fsc`fetcmi 0bnhhi ghr m eudfr hg yfmrs! me` tnfe thhk ncs gcrst hms m bhddfrbcmi gcsnfrdme fghrf fbhdcea m snmgt dcefr mt 9ihw Imkf ce $)J5. ?tBrmefrry &hrtmaf nf dft me` dmrrcf` Dmramrft -ybkstme`t :mish m Dftcs2 ce $)J/. nfyicvf` wctn ncs 'mrfets ce Brmefrry &hrtmaf wncif ?igrf` whrkf` ms m gcsnfrdme. nf

$)


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ghiihwcea yfmr tnfy dhvf` th (ice (ihe me` nf aht m h wctn tnf _BD& whrkcea ms ms'fbcmi bhestmif! auc`f me` cetfr'rftfr ce ehrtnfre Dmecthm. Nf mish whrkf` ghr m tcdfghr Nu`she7s Omy Dcecea me` 0dfitcea. ?gtfr tnfcr tncr` bnci` wms hre! nf hcef` tnf?rdy me` wms hvfrsfms ghr gcvf yfmrs.

=urcea -hri` -mr CC! ?igrf` sfrvf` ce tnf Bmem`cme ?rdy ce tnf Df`ctfrrmefmenfmtrf me` ce ehrtnwfst 9urh'f. 0c1 hg ?igrf`7s rhtnfrs wfrf ce tnf ?rdf` (hrbfs!tnrff ce tnf (crst -hri` -mr me` tnrff ce tnf sfbhe`. (hiihwcea tnf wmr! nf whrkf` grhdh`7s Imkf me` stmrtf` me hramec,mtche th aft m sbnhhi ghr Dftcsbnci`rfe mt >h`7s Imkf. 0nf tnfe dmrrcf` Bnmrifs Cscstfr wnh whrkf` wctn df`cbmisfrvcbfs. Oy dmrrycea m Dftcs dme snf ihst nfr Ce`cme stmtus.

nfy icvf` mt >h`7s Imkf uetci $)*# wnfe ciiefss ghrbf` Bnmrifs th dhvf th EhrwmyNhusf ghr df`cbmi trfmtdfet. ?t Ehrwmy Nhusf snf bhetceuf` th f vfry mbtcvf ceDmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche ms wfii ms fcea mbtcvf cehramec,cea eudfrhus gmdciy me` bhdduecty 'rharmdsth msscst Dftcs 'fh'if. Ce tnf imtf $)*#s snf wms m vcbf;bnmcrdme hg DD(8 ce $)+"! snf wms he tnf EhrwmyNhusf Bhdduecty Bhuebci! sfrvcea ms dmyhr. 0nf wmsm dfdfr hg tnf Emtchemi ?etc;&hvfrty


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9ic,mftn `cf` he Dmrbn ""! "##)! m whdme wnh wms ihvf` me` bnfrcsnf` y nfrgmdciy me` grcfe`s. 9ic,mftn 'mssf` mwmy mt nfr nhdf ce Ehrwmy Nhusf ce tnf fmriynhurs hg Dmrbn "". Ifgt th dhure nfr 'msscea wfrf nfr bnci`rfe! =heem :=ft2! Lu`y

:Lcd2! =mrifef! -me`m! Bmdfrhe :Lmef2! =feecs :Dmaacf2! Dcbnmfi! -ciicmd :-ceecf2me` 4fctn :Orfe`m2! nfr scstfr (rmebfs Amic6ufttf :Dmrbfi2! "$ arme`bnci`rfe! eudfrhusarfmt;arme`bnci`rfe me` arfmt;arfmt;arme`bnci`rfe! dmey rfimtcvfs me` grcfe`s ce EhrwmyNhusf me` fyhe`. 0nf wms 'rf`fbfmsf` y nfr 'mrfets Dr. me` Drs. Ofemdce Brhwf!nfr nusme` Bnmrifs! nfr shes! Lcddy Brhwf! Orcme! _ussfii! m stciihre cegmet she! nfrarme`she >fef me` sfvfe ef'nfws.

,hsfpn +r'cef -ffpfr. "%D%. O%$%uy wms m ghue`cea dfdfr hg tnf Dmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche8 nf me` tnf_fvfrfe` ?`md Butnme` wfrf fifbtf` ms tnf gcrst twh hmr` dfdfrs grhd tnf -ceec'fa_fache. Nf wms mish m s'fbcmi msscstmet th ?eaus 0'febf! tnf &rfsc`fet! mt tnf 'rhvcebcmiifvfi. Nf cs mish m ghue`cea dfdfr hg tnf Emtcvf Bhuebci hg Bmem`m me` tnf -hri`Bhuebci hg Ce`cafehus &fh'if :$)+%2. Ce $))"! nf wms emdf` tnf hggcbcmi 'rcfst ghr tnf

Dftcs Emtchemi Bhuebci.(mtnfr >uy nms sfrvf` ce eudfrhus bhuetry me` urme 'mrcsnfs hvfr tnf yfmrs. Nfnhi`s m Dmstfr7s `farff ce Buiturmi ?etnrh'hihay grhd tnf 3ecvfrscty hg Orctcsn Bhiud;cm me` nms tmuant Emtcvf 0tu`cfs mt sfvfrmi Bmem`cme 3ecvfrsctcfs. Nf cs tnf mutnhr hg!!rm%frs hg m Dtcs !rcfst< Bhe,frsmtches ?ct +h` he tf !hictcbmi 0(frcfebfs hg tf

Bmem`cme Dtcs7 1>>3-1>> :0t Ohecgmbf! Dmecthm ?utnhr! $))+2 me` #f Dftcs hg 't.Imurfet7 Dmecthom< #fcr Icgf me` 'thrcfs7 1>3:-1>;; :0t Ohecgmbf! Dmecthm ?utnhr!"##J2.

Afhraf F`due` Db-my%:. $)#%2

>fhraf Db4my wms tnf she hg Lhne Lmdfs Db4my :. $55/2 me` Bmtnfrcef Db4my

"#

:. $55%2. Ncs arme`'mrfets wfrf ?eaus Db4my :. $5J*2! tnf rhtnfr hg tnf NhehurmifLmdfs Db4my! me` Acracecf _hifttf tnf `muantfr hg Lhsf'n _hifttf me` ?eafic6uf Lfrhdfhg &fdcem.

>fhraf wms m 'cheffr grhd Ofrfes _cvfr! mhut "## mcr dcifs ehrtnfmst he Imkf-ceec'fa. Nf wms m icgfihea gcsnfrdme me` mt maf +J :ce $)+)2! nf whui` stcii wme`fr`hwe th tnf rcvfr fvfry ehw me` tnfe th gcsn. >fhraf me` Dmrcf Ihucsf Db4my nm`ghurtffe bnci`rfe. Dr. Db4my cectcmtf` tnf Dmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche Ihbmi ce Ofrfes_cvfr me` rfdmcef` me mbtcvf dfdfr. Ce Dmrbn hg $)+5 mt tnf _fachemi Bhegfrfebf! nfwms mwmr`f` me nhehurmry 'im6uf me` m Dftcs 0msn sydhic,cea me m''rfbcmtche ghr ncsdmey yfmrs hg sfrvcbf me` `f`cbmtche th ihbmi rfsc`fets. Nf s'fmks giufet 0muitfmu1 me`9eaicsn me` ue`frstme`s m icttif Brff.

Ce $)+)! nf rfimtf` tnf ghiihwcea sthrcfs FNmig;Orff` wms tnf dhst bhddheiy usf`whr` ghr us ce tnf fmriy `mys fbmusf ce tnf ncsthry hg tnf Dftcs 'fh'if! mgtfr tnf _cfi_ffiiche! tnfy amvf tnf Fnmig;rff`sG tnf ime` sfttifdfet. ?t tnmt tcdf tnfy bmiif` ct tnfNmig;Orff` Ime` ?bt. Ehw tnfy bmii ct tnf 0brc' Ime` ?bt. C `he7t gmeby tnf whr` FDftcsGfbmusf ct `hfse7t rfmiiy acvf us me c`fetcty8 th df! Dftcs dfmes th f nmig;(rfebn heiy.h f m nmig;rff` dfmes yhu bme f 'mrt meytncea.G

FDy armeùebif wms tnf Nhehurmif Lmdfs Db4my! he hg tnf fmriy 'cheffrs hg-ceec'fa. (hr shdf rfmshe hr htnfr! nf ifmref` ghur hr gcvf imeaumafs. ?t hef tcdf! nfhwef` mii hg tnf mrfm wnfrf 0civfr Nfcants cs ehw. Nf wms tnf gcrst th nfr` :`hdfstcb2uggmih ce tnmt mrfm. Nf ucit m ihàf wnfrf =ffr Ihàf ehw stme`s. nmt7s nhw ct aht ctsemdf.G

$)Ce $)+$ tnf -ceec'fa _fachemi hggcbf hg tnf DD( wms ihbmtf` ce tnf 0t. Lhne Ohsbh Bfetrf! tnf `crfbthrwms Ehrvmi =fsmrimcs msscstf` y gcfi` hramec,frs _mi'n Db=huami! Lhf Orfime` me` ?iime =udms."#Ncs dhtnfr7s gmtnfr wms m >hhsfnfm` :bnmeaf` th Ofrfes2 grhd Icttif >rme` _m'c`s.

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FLmdfs Db4my wms tmkfe he ms me cetfr'rftfr ghr tnf ahvfredfet fbmusf nf kefwmii tnfsf imeaumafs. Nf thurf` tnrhuan mii hg tnf Imkf -ceec'fa mrfm me` nfi'f` dmkftrfmtcfs wctn tnf Ce cmes. Ce tnf dfmetcdf! dy arme`gmtnfr! ?eaus Db4my! thhk mnhdfstfm` mt -nctf Nhrsf &imces me` stmrtf` m dm'if gmrd. Ncs nhusf imtfr uref` me`ncs rhtnfr! Lmdfs Db4my! amvf ncd tnf 'hsctche hg tnf gcrst Ce`cme ?afet. Nf stmrtf` ncs

whrk mt (hrt >mrry me` trmvfif` tnrhuan surrhue`cea mrfms wnfrf nf7` f mwmy miisuddfr.G

F=urcea ncs trmvfis! >rme`gmtnfr Db4my wfet th Ofrfes _cvfr me` `fbc`f` th stmy.Nf mskf` th trmesgfr ncs gmdciy tnfrf. ncs wms armetf`! sh nf rmcsf` ncs gmdciy tnfrf. Dygmtnfr! wnh wms rmcsf` ce Ofrfes _cvfr! dft me` dmrrcf` dy Ce`cme dhtnfr tnfrf. C7dvfry 'rhu` th f m Nmig;Orff` fbmusf ehw ct7s nmr` th gce` m rfmi Nmig;Orff`. Oihh` nmsffe mii dc1f` u' ms tnf bfeturcfs 'mssf`. Dy arme`bnci`rfe nmvf sc1 hr sfvfe rmbfs hgihh` ce tnfd.G

Fh`my mt +J yfmrs hg maf! C md tnf hi`fst ehe;trfmty rfsc`fet ce Ofrfes _cvfr. -f

icvf miheasc`f trfmty 'fh'if wnh bmii us hutsc`frs! dfmecea wf7rf ickf -nctf 'fh'iffbmusf wf7vf miwmys nm` 'rcvcifafs subn ms vhtcea. -f7rf ehe;trfmty. -f7rf hutsc`frs. Cgyhu icvf mdhea -nctf shbcfty! tnf -nctf dme bmiis yhu me Ce`cme! sh wf7rf rcant ce tnfdc`ìf. -f7rf efctnfr -nctf ehr Ce`cme. C md vfry 'rhu` th f m Nmig;Orff` fbmusf Cnmvf tnf cestcebts me` kehwifàf hg me Ce`cme me` tnf bueecea me` kehwifàf hg m -nctfdme.G

FCg tnf -nctf shbcfty bmiis yhu `hwe ms me Ce`cme! ust tfii tnfd yhu7rf m Nmig;Orff`me` 'rhu` hg ct. nfrf7s m iht hg `csbrcdcemtche! ut dmyf eht sh dubn wctn tnf yhueafrafefrmtche ms fghrf. Ct7s thh m` tnmt bnci`rfe arhwcea u' ce tnf bcty `he7t ifmre tnfcrEmtcvf imeaumaf.G

_fgfrfebfDmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche.fgifbtches 9fstfr`m% me` #h m%! -ceec'fa Dmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche &rfss!$)+) 5#;5$.

(mitfr Dfemr`% :. $)J%2

-mitfr Dfemr` cs tnf she hg ?cdf Dfemr` :. $)#J2 me` (ihrm (iftt. ?cdf whrkf` hencs gmtnfrs gmrd uetci nf thhk m nhdfstfm` ce Bmd'frvciif. Nf dmrrcf` gcrst 0usmeEf'cemk ce $)J#. 0nf 'mssf` mwmy hef yfmr imtfr. Nf tnfe dmrrcf` (ihrm (iftt ce $)J".nfy icvf` ce Bmd'frvciif =cstrcbt uetci $)J5 wnfe tnfy dhvf` th 0t. 9ustmbnf! DO.nfy dhvf` th -ceec'fa ghr mwncif me` rfturef` th Bmd'frvciif ce $)/# wnfrf nfsubbfssguiiy gmrdf` he E9 );J/;"#. ?cdf me` (ihrm nm` $# bnci`rfe! 5 hys me` " acris.

(ihrm Lfme (iftt wms tnf `muantfr hg Nfery (iftt me` Dm`fifcef Oruefttf. 0nf wms hre$)$" ce Bmd'frvciif! Dmecthm.

Ce $)*+ -mitfr msscstf` ce hramec,cea tnf Dmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche ghr tnfEhrtnwfst Dftcs Bhuebci _fache. -mitfr wfet he th nmvf m vfry bhihurgui 'hictcbmibmrffr. Nf sfrvf` ms vcbf 'rfsc`fet ghr tnf rfache $)+";$)+% me` $)++;+). -mitfr7s wcgf!>rmbf Dfemr` mish sfrvf` he tnf DD( hmr` grhd $))+;"###. -mitfr7s yhueafr rhtnfr

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wms tnf imtf -cesthe Dfemr` :$)%";"##52."$-cesthe wms &rfsc`fet hg tnf 0wme _cvfr(rcfe`snc' Bfetrf ghr "/ yfmrs! nf mish sfrvf` ms tnf 'rhvcebcmi hmr` dfdfr hg tnfDmecthm ?sshbcmtche hg (rcfe`snc' Bfetrfs :D?B2. ?t tnf E?(B7s J%tn ?eeumi >fefrmiDfftcea :?>D2! nfi` Luiy /;5! "##/ ce >rme`f &rmcrcf! ?ifrtm! -cesthe wms nhehurf`me` mwmr`f` me Nhehurmry Icgftcdf dfdfr hg tnf E?(B.

Ohtn dfe rme nhrsf rmebnfs me` nm` &D3 h'frmtches mt hef tcdf. =urcea tnf $)*#s-mitfr me` ncs rhtnfr ?ifrt 'imyf` auctmr ce m bhuetry me` bmiif` tnf F&rmcrcf &misG.nfcr sceafr wms FIcttif LhfG Bnmrtrme`! htnfr dfdfrs wfrf ?ifrt 0utnfrime`! _h`frcbk_hss! (rf` Db4my me` >hr`he Bnmrtrme`.

Ce tnf imtf $)+#s me` fmriy $)5#s -mitfr wms m Acbf &rfsc`fet hg DD( me` nm`eudfrhus mttifs wctn DD( &rfsc`fet Lhne Dhrrcsfmu. nf DD( 'imbf` tnf _fachemiDD( hggcbf ue`fr rfbfcvfrsnc' me` cectcmtf` me mu`ct wnfe tnf 'rhvcebcmi hramec,mtchegcif` suct mamcest tnf ihbmi vcbf;'rfsc`fet! -mitfr Dfemr`. -mitfr ghrdf` m bhd'ftceaarhu' bmiif` tnf Dftcs Bhegf`frmby hg Dmecthm hg wncbn nf wms 'rfsc`fet.

Ce "##5;#) -mitfr fbmdf 'rfsc fet hg tnf Ce`cafehus &fh'if7s Bhegf`frmby! mBhearfss hg ?hrcacemi &fh'if7s mggcicmtf ce Dmecthm. Ce Lmeumry hg "##) tnf Bhearfsshg ?hrcacemi &fh'ifs sus'fe`f` cts fetcrf Dmecthm wcea heiy `mys fghrf -mitfr ms tnf'rhvcebcmi 'rfsc`fet 'imeef` th ah 'uicb wctn miifamtches hg sf1umi nmrmssdfet mamcesttnf emtchemi bncfg! tnf Bhesfrvmtcvf;m''hcetf` 0femthr &mtrcbk Orm,fmu. Dr. Orm,fmu wmstnfe rf;fifbtf` th m ghur;yfmr tfrd. ?s m rfsuit! eh bhearfss dfdfrs grhd Dmecthmwfrf miihwf` th mttfe` tnf meeumi afefrmi dfftcea me` tnf miifamtches `c` eht fbhdf'uicb uetci tnfy wfrf imtfr 'uicsnf` ce nf >ihf me` Dmci.

,hne Dhrrcssfmu% :. $)J)2

Lhne Dhrrcssfmu cs m rfsc`fetcmi sbnhhi survcvhr me` fstffdf` D@tcs ifm`fr grhd>rme` _m'c`s! Dmecthm. Nf burrfetiy sfrvfs ms m dfdfr hg tnf Ce`cme _fsc`fetcmi0bnhhis 0urvcvhr Bhddcttff Nf wms tnf =crfbthr hg &uicb&mrtcbc'mtche ghr tnf _hymi Bhddcssche he ?hrcacemi &fh'ifs.

Nf nms sfrvf` tnf Dmecthm >hvfredfet ce tnf bm'mbcty hg?sscstmet =f'uty Dcecstfr me` =f'uty Dcecstfr me` tnfDmecthm D@tcs (f`frmtche ms &rfsc`fet grhd $)+* th $)5$. Dr.Dhrrcssfmu cs bhesc`frf` m D@tcs ncsthrcme me` cs m rfbc'cfet hgtnf


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`muantfr hg Lhne Dhmr me` Ihucsm ?snmd. Ncs gmtnfr! hre mt 0'febf Imkf! wms tnfrme` _m'c`s. Lhne fetfrf` tnf Bmem`cme (hrbfs mt maf $5 me` sfrvf` ghr sc1 yfmrs!ifmvcea ce $)*%. Nf whrkf` ghr Ce`cme ?ggmcrs mt (hrt DbDurrmy. Nf tnfe fame whrkceams m trubk `rcvfr! bmdf mbk th Dmecthm me` mish whrkf` ghr Dmecthm Ncanwmys ms marm`fr h'frmthr.

Ce $)** Lhne fbmdf 'hictcbmiiy mbtcvf. 0cebf Lhne wms trubk `rcvcea nf whrkf` mttncs grhd Dhe`mys th nurs`mys! tnfe ghr tnf rfst hg tnf wffk whrkf` ms m Dftcs 'hictcbmihramec,fr wctn Nhwmr` ?snmd me` -ciicf =udhet! ahcea th hramec,cea dfftceas. Ce$)*+! ?`md Butnme` mskf` ncd th hramec,f m Dftcs ihbmi mt >rme` _m'c`s.

Dr. Dhrrcssfmu rfbmiis ce $)+*! tnf Icfrmi ahvfredfet ue`fr &cfrrf ru`fmu wmswciicea th 'rhvc`f gf`frmi `hiimrs th gue` dutumi bimcds rfsfmrbn he ime` bimcd cssufssubn ms huticef` ue`fr tnf Dmecthm ?bt.

Ncs tfmd cebiu`cea Nmrry =mecfis me` 0md 0cebimcr fame tnf tmsk th 'ut thaftnfr m'rh'hsmi. nf 'rh'hsmi whui` rf6ucrf 'fh'if th ah tnrhuan tnf mrbncvfs th sfmrbn ghrdmtfrcmi th su''hrt tnf bimcd ut tnf cssuf wms tnfrf wfrf eh D@tcs wctn tnf skciis th `htnf h. =hua 0'rmauf wnh nm` tnf skciis me` cs m wfii kehwe ncsthrcme! wms ncrf` thtrmce Dftcs.

?gtfr whrkcea wctn `cggfrfet ahvfredfet `f'mrtdfets ce `rmgtcea tnf 'rh'hsmi! ct wms'rfsfetf` th tnf ru`fmu ahvfredfet ghr bhesc`frmtche.

nrhuan cetfesf efahtcmtche! tnfy wfrf mif th sfburf rfsfmrbn gue`cea tnrhuan $)5$wncbn miihwf` ghr cetfescvf f1mdcemtche hg bnurbn! me` Nu`she Omy Bhd'mey rfbhr`s.

Dr. Dhrrcssfmu smys ru`fmu stmgg bifmriy smw tnf ime` bimcd ickf m trfmty ficfvceame h''hrtuecty f1cstf` th rf'mtrcmtf tnf Bhestctutche.

Ce $)5$! DD( &rfsc`fet Lhne Dhrrcssfmu thi` tnf Dftcs me` Ehe;0tmtus Ce`cmeBhestctutchemi rfvcfw Bhddcssche F-f bme7t `rmw u' tnf rcants hg m efw bhestctutchewnfe hur rcants fetrfebnf` ce tnf Dmecthm ?bt hg $5+# mrf stcii hutstme`cea. -f7rf heiy'uttcea hursfivfs mbk me` acvcea tnfd mehtnfr wmy hut. (crst hg ?ii! ift7s sfttif tnf cssuftnmt7s tnfrf! tnmt7s tnf cssuf hg ime` bimcds.G

Dhrfhvfr! tnf msfebf wctnce tnf 'mtrcmtche rfshiutche hg m rf6ucrfdfet ghr D@tcsbhesfet th bhestctutchemi mdfe`dfets mggfbtcea tnfd rmcsf` tnf rfmi 'hssccicty hgahvfredfet rfdhvcea tnf D@tcs ime` rcants sfbtches hg tnf Dmecthm ?bt tnmt tnf DD(cetfe`f` th dmkf tnf sufbt hg dmhr ictcamtche. Dr. Dhrrcssfmu smc` FCg tnf >hvfredfethg Bmem`m wms th rf'fmi sfbtche J$ me` J" hg tnf Dmecthm ?bt tnrhuan me mdfe`cea

"*


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'rhbfss! wf whui` bhesc`fr subn m dmefuvfr th f tnf arfmtfst rfmbn hg gmctn ceBmem`cme ncsthry.G

Lhne Dhrrcssfmu! Dmrbn J;%! $)5$!s'fmkcea th tnf Dftcs me` Ehe;0tmtus Ce`cme Bhestctutchemi _fvcfw Bhddcssche

ce -ceec'fa! Dmecthm.

rme` _m'c`s! Dmecthm me` sfrvfs msdmyhr hg tnmt thwe. Nf me` ncs wcgf Efiiy mrf bfifrmtcea %* yfmrs thaftnfr. nfy nmvftwh `muantfrs me` % shes! me` % arme`bnci`rfe.

"+


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nf ghiihwcea efws'm'fr mrtcbif m''fmrf` u'he ncs fifbtche ms 'rfsc`fet hg DD( ce$)+*

-ceec'fa (rff &rfss :Efws'm'fr2 ; Luiy ""! $)+*! -ceec'fa! Dmecthm.Oy Oh Ihwfry! Brmefrry &hrtmaf

Dhrrcssfmu ef# nfm` hg Dftcs. pimes rfhramec*mtche

L


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nf mvmcimcicty hg ime` ghr nhusfs me` ihbmi fetfr'rcsfs cs mehtnfr urafet dmttfr he Dr.Dhecssfmus dce`. rme` _m'c`s wnfrf nf fbmdf bnmcrdme hg tnf Dmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche ihbmi. Ce$)+$! nf rme uesubbfssguiiy ghr tnf .gf`frmtche 'rfsc feby mamcest ?eaus 0'febf. nfrfwfrf sfvfe bme`c`mtfs me` Dr. Dhrrcssfmu stmyf` ce tnf rmbf uetci tnf gcemi bhuet. Nf wmsimtfr vcbf 'rfsc`fet hg nf &ms rfache me` mish whrkf` wctn tnf gf`frmi;'rhvcebcmi efwstmrt 'rharmd. Dr. Dhrrcssfmu wms imtfr f1fbutcvf msscstmet th Ehrtnfre ?ggmcrs dcecstfr_he Db; Ory`f. Nf trmesgfrrf` th =mu'nce wnfrf nf wms `crfbthr hg tnf Dmec'hahceghrdmtche 'rharmd. Nf ifgt tncs 'hst imst Dmrbn fbmusf gcemebcmi rfstrmcets wfrf shtcant me` `csbhurmacea. FNf ghue` tnmt Dr. DbOry`f wms m ahh` icstfefr ut htnfrsncanfr;u' ce ehrtnfre mggmcrs wfrf `cggcbuit th aft mihea wctn.G 0cebf ?'rci $! Dr. Dhrrcs;sfmu nms ffe mbk he tnf trm'icef ce tnf Brmef _cvfr mrfm me` whrkcea he tnf rmebn. Nfnms "# nhrsfs me` "/ nfm` hg bmttif. (hur hg tnf Dhrrcssfmus sc1 bnci`rfe mrf hys me` mrf6uctf bm'mif hg gff`cea 'cas! dcikcea bhws me` f1frbcscea tnf nhrsfs. Ncs wcgf Efiicfcs wfii vfrsf` ce rmebncea me` 'hictcbs.

,hsfpn $eaus !pfebf


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O% 4`m *. '(febf7 cs ecfbf

Lhsf'n ?eaus 0'febf wms hre he Luiy 5! $)$) mt 9``ysthef! Dmecthm! tnfyhueafst she hg Lhsf'n me` Emeby 0'febf. Nf mttfe`f` sbnhhi mt tnf 9``ysthef 0bnhhi=cstrcbt $5+J. Ce tnf fmriy $)*#7s nf u'arm`f` ncs f`ubmtche th m >rm`f $#! me` nf

mttfe`f` tnf Dmecthm Cestctutf hg fbnehihay ce -ceec'fa :ehw __B2 th tmkf m dfmt;buttcea bhursf. Nf wms giufet ce twh imeaumafs! 9eaicsn me` frmi`! >ihrcm! me` Ehrdm.

?eaus me` ?ethcefttf fame tnfcr rmebn wctn ust hef bhw. Oy $/ yfmrs tnfy nm` hefhg tnf dhst subbfssgui rmebnfs ce tnf mrfm! wctn "/# nfm` hg bmttif. nfy wfrf hef hg tnfgcrst gmdcicfs ce 9``ysthef wctn fifbtrcbcty me` m tfifvcsche sft. Oy $)*+ ?eaus me`?ethcefttf wfrf mif th 'urbnmsf m rme` efw nhusf grhd tnf Bh;h' ce 0tf. _hsf. nfywfrf hef hg tnf gcrst nhusfnhi`s ce 9``ysthef wctn rueecea wmtfr. Ncs wcgf ?ethcefttfwrhtf! Fnf heiy rueecea wmtfr wf nm` fghrf tnfe wms wnfe C rme ghr ct.G

? &cheffr ; ? Dme hg (crsts

Ce tnf dc`;$)*#7s mgtfr ncs rmebn wms wfiifstmicsnf ! ?eaus ihhkf` mrhue` mt tnf imrafrbhdduecty me` fbmdf bhebfref` wctn nhw Dftcs'fh'if wfrf gmrcea. Nf mttfe`f` tnf Ce`cme me` Dftcsmeeumi bhegfrfebfs ce -ceec'fa. ?t tnmt tcdf tnf heiy?hrcacemi hramec,mtche fstmicsnf` ce -ceec'fa wms tnfCe`cme me` Dftcs (rcfe`snc' Bfetrf hg -ceec'fa! tnfgcrst hg cts kce` ce Bmem`m! fstmicsnf` ce $)/5 th nfi'Ce`cme me` Dftcs gmdcicfs rfihbmtf th -ceec'fa.

?t tnf $)*+ Ce`cme me` Dftcs Bhegfrfebf! Dftcsmttfe`ffs cebiu cea ?eaus 0'febf fbmdf grustrmtf`fbmusf Bhegfrfebf mafe`m ctfds `c` eht m``rfss Dftcsbhebfres. nf Dftcs nm` eh vhcbf mt tnf Bhegfrfebf. ?ttnmt Bhegfrfebf m eudfr hg Dftcs! cebiu`cea ?eaus!wmikf` hut th m `cggfrfet rhhd! th `csbuss Dftcs bhebfres. (rhd tnmt s'ict mt tnf $)*+Bhegfrfebf tnf Dmecthm Ce`cme Orhtnfrnhh` me` tnf Dmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche wfrfghrdf`.

J#


31/32

nf Dmecthm Dftcs (f`frmtche wms cebhr'hrmtf` he =fbfdfr "5! $)*+. _fv.?`md Butnme` wms m''hcetf` cts gcrst &rfsc`fet. Ce $)+# tnf DD( nm` cts gcrst fifbtches!me` ?eaus 0'febf fbmdf tnf gcrst fifbtf` &rfsc fet. Nf wms rf;fifbtf` ce $)+".

?eaus 0'febf ncrf` 0tme (uinmd ms 91fbutcvf =crfbthr. nfy whrkf` wctnhut 'my

ghr mhut sc1 dhetns uetci tnf gcrst DD( gue`cea bmdf tnrhuan. ?eaus h'fef` tnf gcrstDD( hggcbf mt J#$ ; J+% =hemi` 0trfft ce -ceec'fa. Nf ncrf` Amifrcf 4iyef Imdcrme`fms 0fbrftmry. Imtfr he! ?i Bnmrtrme` fbmdf tnf 9`ubmtche =crfbthr. Ce $)+$! 0tme(uinmd `rmgtf` tnf gcrst DD( Bhestctutche.


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tfrd $)5J;5/. Ce $)5/! hef nue`rf` yfmrs mgtfr tnf `fmtn hg Ihucs _cfi! nf msscstf` tnf-ceec'fa _fache Buiturmi Bhddcttff th stmrt Dftcs ?rts hg Dmecthm! wncbn sft u'buiturmi mbtcvctcfs mii hvfr tnf Bcty tnmt yfmr th bfifrmtf tnf icgf hg Ihucs _cfi. nmt yfmrtnf Buiturmi Bhddcttff me` Dftcs ?rts hg Dmecthm mish sft u' tnf gcrst Dftcs &mvciche!(hikihrmdm. ?gtfr m usy tnrff yfmrs ms Acbf;&rfsc`fet! DD( -ceec'fa _fache! ce $)5/

?eaus rftcrf` grhd Dftcs 'hictcbs.

(rhd $)** th $)5/! ?eaus 0'febf sfrvf` he dmey hmr`s me` bhddcttffs. nfghiihwcea cs m 'mrtcmi icst hg ncs vhiuetmry sfrvcbf he gf`frmi! 'rhvcebcmi! 'rcvmtf! me` ehe;'rhgct hmr`s

4cefw Nhuscea

Emtcvf ?ibhnhi Bhuebci hg Dmecthm

Emtcvf Bime 0 DDG Qceecpfa _fache Ohmr`

manitoba metis federation: early history

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