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ManitobaMaterialsConference2017

May9th,2017Engineering&InformationTechnologyComplexAtrium

PosterAbstracts

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TheabstractscontainedwithinthedocumentrepresentaselectionofworkundertakenwithinMIMoverthelastyear.Thisinternaldocumentisnotintendedforpublicationordissemination.

ComplexNaturalSystems1 Nevonen,Dustin

SystematicStudiesOfElectronicStructuresAndMCDSpectraOfSyntheticOxochlorins,Dioxobacteriochlorins,AndDioxoisobacteriochlorins

2 Strybulevych,AnatoliyPhaseStabilityOfNaturalColloidalSystemsMeasuredByDynamicSoundScattering

3 Zhang,MengYuanGasAssistedExtrusionAsAToolToPuffSnackFoods

4 Wang,Huiqin(Mia)UseOfAir-CoupledUltrasoundTransducersToCharacterizeWhiteSaltedNoodleDough

5 Habeck,Jean-ChristopeAnalysisOfDewRettingOfHempAndFlaxInManitoba

6 Vahora,TasneemFlaxAndCanolaStemCross-SectionPreparationForFTIRSpectromicroscopy

52 Guillermic,Reine-MarieBubblesInNoodleDough:CharacterizationByX-RayMicrotomography

CompositeMaterialSystems4 Wang,Huiqin(Mia)

UseOfAir-CoupledUltrasoundTransducersToCharacterizeWhiteSaltedNoodleDough

7 Shateri,MohammadhadiMonitoringOfDamageProgressionInGlassFiberReinforcedPolymerRodsUsingAcousticEmissionEntropy

8 Dada,TaiwoSynthesisOfBulkMetallicCrystalline-AmorphousComposites

9 Vykhodtsev,AntonSensitivityAnalysisOfAParallelPlateMethodForMeasuringTheDielectricPermittivityOfHighVoltageInsulatingMaterials

10 Ghaib,MahaComparisonBetweenMicrostructuralAnalysisOfFRPBarsUsingMicroComputedTomography(µct),ScanningElectronMicroscope(SEM)Techniques

CompositeMaterialSystems(Cont.)11 Neelav,AfzalHossain

SizeDependentStrengthAndPlasticityInNanocrystallineMetalsWithAmorphousGrainBoundary

12 Nickel,RachelNon-SphericalMagneticNanoparticlesForTheTreatmentOfInfection

49 Liu,YuqingHighlyFlexibleAndResilientElastinHybridCryogelsWithShapeMemory,Injectability,ConductivityAndMagneticResponsiveProperties

50 Darabi,MohammadAliSkin-InspiredMultifunctionalAutonomic-IntrinsicConductiveSelf-HealingHydrogelsWithPressureSensitivity,Ultra-StretchabilityAnd3DPrintability

58 SHArKNorth,SHArKNorth:InvestigationOfMetalOxidesAsWaterOxidationCatalysts

CrystallineMaterialsandNanostructures11 Neelav,AfzalHossain


12 Nickel,RachelNon-SphericalMagneticNanoparticlesForTheTreatmentOfInfection

13 Hasan,EmrulMonteCarloStudyOfAGeometricallyFrustratedRareEarthCompound:SrGd2O4

14 Demirci,ÇiğdemElifTheMagneticPropertiesOfCofe2o4NanoparticlesWithCubicAnisotropy

15 Shepit,MichaelBreakingTheSecondLawOfThermodynamics?ProteresisInCubeShapedCo3O4

16 Dönmez,Adem

SpectroscopicStudiesofANewAzidoBridgedNi(II)Complex,di-µ1,1-azido-k4N:N-

bis{ethanol[2–hydroxypropylimino)methyl)–3,5–chlorophenolato-k3N,N¢,O}-nickel(II)

17 Lussier,JoeyUnderstandingTheStructureAndPropertiesOfTheSc2O3-V2O3PhaseDiagram

CrystallineMaterialsandNanostructures(Cont.)59 Majety,Sridhar

ImpactofSiCl4PrecursorFlowRateOnGrowthRatesAndDopingOfVLS-GrownMicrowires

CrystallineMaterialsandNanostructures(Cont.)18 Vrublevskiy,Dmitry

TowardsA’A’’VO5PhasesUsingSolid-StatePaths

19 Maciel,DanielH-TPhaseDiagramOfThe3DKagomeLattice

20 Levin,KirillUnderstandingNMRSpectraOfParamagneticM(acac)xComplexesInTheSolidState

21 Manna,PalashOne-PotSynthesisOfAmine-FunctionalizedFe3O4NanodiscsAndTheirSampleBiomedicalApplications

22 Newman,KellyHelpingSolveTheRareEarthCrisis:CrystallineIronCobaltNanoparticlesForUseInHard/SoftNanocomposites

23 Alkadour,BasselDipolarFerromagnetismInThree-DimensionalSuperlatticesOfNanoparticles

24 Paidi,VinodNanoceriaAndNOxCatalysis:TheMissingLinkToPredictingCatalyticActivityIsQuantifyingTheDynamicOxygen

53 Aramfard,MohammadGrainBoundaryStructuralPhaseTransitionUnderMechanicalLoadingInCu

54 Khosrozadeh,AliPolyanilineNanoflowersGrownOnPolymerNanofibersForFlexibleSupercapacitorsWithProlongedCyclicLife

HighPerformanceComputing42 Kiefer-Emmanouilidis,Maximilian

Dissipative1DOpenQuantumSystemsOfInfiniteLength

HighTemperatureAerospaceMaterials25 Asala,Gbenga

AnalysesOfSofteningBehaviourInWire-ArcAdditiveManufacturedATI718PLUS

MechanicsofMaterialsandStructures10 Ghaib,Maha

ComparisonBetweenMicrostructuralAnalysisOfFRPBarsUsingMicroComputedTomography(µCT),ScanningElectronMicroscope(SEM)Techniques

26 Rabbani,VahidViscoelasticBehaviorOfACylinderFilledWithACompressibleFluid

27 Kaur,NavjotTheEffectsOfCrystalOrientationAndVoidsOnAluminiumNanocubesUnderUniaxialTensionStudiedByMolecularDynamicsSimulations

28 Zhang,YichenFiniteElementStudyOfDominantStimulusInRegulatingFemurBoneRemodeling

29 Coar,LancelotBendingActiveFramedFabricFormworkStructures

30 Fiuza,CristinaChemicalAndMechanicalCharacterizationOf3DDentalImplants



MEMS/MicrofluidicSystems31 Hipolito,Jolly

EffectofNetrin-1OnTheMigrationAndChemotaxisOfHumanNeutrophilsAndBreastCancerCellsInMicrofluidicDevices

32 Peretz-Soroka,HagitExplorationOfIntracellularProtonCurrentsAndCytoplasmicStreaming(iPC-CS)ModelInDrivingAmoeboid-LikeMotilityInAMicrofluidicElectrotaxisAssay

33 Raju,RobinPolyVinylAlcoholBasedHumiditySensingTagUsingTimeGatedRCSMeasurement

MEMS/MicrofluidicSystems(Cont.)51 Lanoy,Maxime

UltrasonicMicrofluidicActuationWithSecondaryBjerknesForcesOnBubbles

PhotonicandPhononicInteractions34 Rao,Jinwei

PhaseControlledCavityMagnonPolaritonInTheCrossCavity

35 Kaur,SandeepNon-ResonantRadiationDampingInACoupledCavityPhoton-MagnonSystem

36 Harder,MichaelAnExplorationOfTheSpin-PhotonTopology

37 Nemez,DionFerrocene-BOPHYDyadsAsProspectiveCompoundsForLight-Harvesting

38 Blesener,TannerElectron-TransferProcessesInNonCovalentInteractionsBetweenAza-BODIPYDerivativesAndCarbonNanostructures

51 Lanoy,MaximeUltrasonicMicrofluidicActuationWithSecondaryBjerknesForcesOnBubbles

QuantumMaterials38 Blesener,Tanner

Electron-TransferProcessesInNonCovalentInteractionsBetweenAza-BODIPYDerivativesAndCarbonNanostructures

39 Rutherford,MeganDy2ScNbO7:ANewSpinIceCandidate?

40 Mauws,ColeTheLn2ScNbO7Pyrochlores,IncreasingFrustrationByChargeDisorder

41 Urichuk,AndrewTransportPropertiesIn1DIntegrableSystems

42 Kiefer-Emmanouilidis,MaximilianDissipative1DOpenQuantumSystemsOfInfiniteLength

SoftandDisorderedMaterials3 Zhang,MengYuan

GasAssistedExtrusionAsAToolToPuffSnackFoods

4 Wang,Huiqin(Mia)UseOfAir-CoupledUltrasoundTransducersToCharacterizeWhiteSaltedNoodleDough

5 Habeck,Jean-ChristopeAnalysisOfDewRettingOfHempAndFlaxInManitoba

6 Vahora,TasneemFlaxAndCanolaStemCross-SectionPreparationForFTIRSpectromicroscopy

43 Kerhervé,SébastienUltrasoundTransportInADisorderedPorousMedium

44 Soriano,LauraWickingPropertiesofBrassicaFiber(CanolaWasteBiomass)inThreeDifferentGrowthStages

45 Krishnamurthy,ArunLimitedMolybdenumSolubilityInBorosilicateGlasses?MagnesiumToTheRescue

46 Khanom,MarjiaSatisfactionwithexistingclothinglabelsandneedforaclothingsafetylabel:Astudybasedonconsumersurvey

47 Mbeleck,ReneBmscsLadenInjectableAminodiethoxypropaneModifiedAlginatechitosanHydrogelForHyalineCartilageReconstruction

48 Sun,XinyangRheologicalStudyOnBreadDoughPropertiesUsingAPower-LawGelModel




52 Guillermic,Reine-MarieBubblesInNoodleDough:CharacterizationByX-RayMicrotomography

SurfacesandInterfaces24 Paidi,Vinod

NanoceriaAndNoxCatalysis:TheMissingLinkToPredictingCatalyticActivityIsQuantifyingTheDynamicOxygen

29 Coar,LancelotBendingActiveFramedFabricFormworkStructures

30 Fiuza,CristinaChemicalAndMechanicalCharacterizationOf3DDentalImplants


53 Aramfard,MohammadGrainBoundaryStructuralPhaseTransitionUnderMechanicalLoadingInCu

54 Khosrozadeh,AliPolyanilineNanoflowersGrownOnPolymerNanofibersForFlexibleSupercapacitorsWithProlongedCyclicLife

55 Giesbrecht,PatrickElectrochemicalReductionOfCO2FacilitatedByBenzannulatedDihydropyridineAdditives

56 Bebsh,MunaX-RayPhotoelectronSpectroscopyCharacterizationOfThreeLithium-BasedGlassCeramics

57 Chakma,KoushikMorphologicalStudyOfCattailFiber

58 SHArKNorthSHArKNorth:InvestigationOfMetalOxidesAsWaterOxidationCatalysts

SurfacesandInterfaces(Cont.)59 Majety,Sridhar


PosterNumber:1

SystematicStudiesOfElectronicStructuresAndMCDSpectraOfSyntheticOxochlorins,Dioxobacteriochlorins,AndDioxoisobacteriochlorins

Presentedby:DustinNevonenMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofChemistry

Advisor(s):V.N.Nemykin

Co-Author(s):ElizabethKaesmann,RuoshiLi,ChristianBrückner,VictorNemykin

ResearchArea(s):ComplexNaturalSystems

Duetotheirnearinfrared(NIR)absorptionwithintheopticalwindowoftissue,hydroporphyrinsare appropriately suitable for their application as imaging agents in biological tissue orphotochemotherapeutics (1). Oxidative modification of the β-pyrrolic positions inoctaethylporphyrin(OEP)resultsintheformationoftheoxochlorins,dioxobacteriochlorins,anddioxoisobacteriochlorins which possess more intense NIR absorption bands than the parentporphyrin(2).Althoughlongknown,theirelectronicstructureshavenotbeencomprehensiblydescribed. Insight into electronic structure of these compounds was gained using magneticcirculardichroism(MCD)andUV-Vis-NIRspectroscopicstudies,coupledwithDensityFunctionalTheory(DFT)andTime-DependentDFT(TDDFT)calculations.Boththeoreticalandexperimentalmethodssuggestthatallhydroporphyrinanaloguesanalyzedexhibitarare∆LUMO>∆HOMOrelationshipoftheirfrontierorbitalstypicallyobservedinnaturallyoccurringchlorins,suchasthechlorophylls.Thischaracterizesthesyntheticoxochlorinsastruehydroporphyrinanalogues(2).

1.Inhoffen,H.H.;Nolte,W.LiebigsAnn.Chem.1969,725,167-176.

2.Rhoda,H.;Akhigbe,J.;Ogikubo,J.;Sabin,J.;Ziegler,C.;Brückner,C.;Nemykin,V.J.Phys.Chem.A,2016,120,5805–5815.

PosterNumber:2

PhaseStabilityOfNaturalColloidalSystemsMeasuredByDynamicSoundScattering

Presentedby:AnatoliyStrybulevychResearcherattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofFoodScience

Advisor(s):MScanlon

Co-Author(s):TomohisaNorisuye,NikolayRepin,JohnPage,MartinScanlon

ResearchArea(s):ComplexNaturalSystems

InthisposterweshowhowDynamicSoundScattering(theacousticalanalogofDynamicLightScattering) is used to study diffusion and sedimentation of submicron particles in a naturalcolloidalsystem-milk.Milkisasemi-dilutedispersion(volumefractionof~0.11)ofhardspheres(caseinmicelleswithmeanradiusof~100nm)inacontinuousphasecontainingwater,lactose,saltsandwheyproteins. It isnutrient richalthough it containsno fiber. Weshowthatmilkenriched with dietary fibers (barley polysaccharide β-glucan) is stable below a critical fiberconcentration. Above it, there is rapid separationof the caseinmicellesdrivenbydepletionflocculation.Sizesoftheparticlesinbothstableandnon-stablephasesareestimatedusingtime-correlationfunctions.

PosterNumber:3

GasAssistedExtrusionAsAToolToPuffSnackFoods

Presentedby:MengYuanZhangUndergraduatestudentattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofFoodScience

Advisor(s):F.Koksel

Co-Author(s):TugrulMasatcioglu,FilizKoksel

ResearchArea(s):ComplexNaturalSystems,SoftandDisorderedMaterials

Extrusion is an efficient thermo-mechanical technique that combines blending, shearing andcookingoperations.Anextrudedsnackowesitsappealtoitstexturewhichishighlycorrelatedtoitsaeratedstructure.Duetoshiftingconsumertrendsinthelastcoupledecades,inadditionto textural properties nutritional quality is becoming more important. Pulses are importantsources of high quality proteins while being low in calories and glycemic index; providingtremendousopportunities tobeused in various foods. In this study, the effects of extrusioncookingmethods(withorwithoutnitrogeninjection)onphysicalpropertiesofextrudedsnackswereinvestigated.Extrudedsnacksweremadefromyellowpeaflour(26%protein)andwaterusingalaboratory-scaletwin-screwextruder.Inbothextrusionmethods,dieexittemperature,productmoisturecontent,screwspeed,anddiediameterwere:150°C,14%,200rpm,and2.3mm,respectively.Duringnitrogenassistedextrusion, three injectionpressures (3,4or5bar)were studied, through a pressure regulator attached onto the extruder barrel. Compared toconventional extrusion, nitrogen injection (at all pressures) significantly affected the aeratedstructure of the extrudates, i.e., more homogeneous cell structures were generated withnitrogen. As nitrogen injection pressure increased from zero to 3, 4, and 5 bars, extrudateexpansionindexdecreasedwhileextrudatebulkdensityincreased.Ourresultsdemonstratethatthe physical properties of extrudates can be controlled by manipulating nitrogen injectionpressureduringgasassistedextrusion,openingfood industry’sdoorstoproductionofsnackswithaspectrumofshapesandsizes.

PosterNumber:4

UseOfAir-CoupledUltrasoundTransducersToCharacterizeWhiteSaltedNoodleDough

Presentedby:Huiqin(Mia)WangMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofFoodScience

Advisor(s):MScanlon

Co-Author(s):Reine-MarieGuillermic;SébastienKerhervé;AnatoliyStrybulevych;JohnPage;MartinScanlon

ResearchArea(s):ComplexNaturalSystems,SoftandDisorderedMaterials,CompositeMaterialSystems

Noodledoughismadefromwheatflour,waterandsalt,anditsconsistencyisthekeytoensureasmoothprocessingoperation,auniformglutendevelopmentandanoptimaleatingquality.Wheatflourdoughisaheterogeneouscompositesoftmaterial,anditsmechanicalpropertiescan change considerably during processing operations. Therefore, capturing the mechanicalpropertiesofdoughisagreatchallenge.Inthisstudy,twoair-coupledultrasoundtransducers(centralfrequency:225kHz)wereusedasamaterialscharacterizationtool.Measuringthephasevelocityandattenuationcoefficientofultrasonicwavestravelinginthesampleallowscalculationof the longitudinalmechanicalproperties,andthereforecanhelp tounderstandthedynamicphysiochemicalchangesthatoccurwithinthedoughduringprocessing. Inthisstudy,noodleswereformulatedwithCWRS(CanadianWesternRedSpring)attwodifferentwaterlevels(32%and 36%). Noodle with 36% water showed a lower phase velocity and higher attenuationcoefficient,indicatingaplasticizingeffectofwaterinthenoodledoughsystem.Astheworkinputtothedoughincreasedduringthesheetingprocess,thephasevelocityofbothsamplesincreasedslightly.Butdramaticchangesoccurred24hoursafternoodleprocessing.Thephasevelocityofagednoodlesalmostdoubled.Thiscouldbeduetoastructuralmodificationofglutenpolymersandstarchinthedoughmatrixor/andachangeinthesizeanddistributionoftrappedairbubbles.

PosterNumber:5

AnalysisOfDewRettingOfHempAndFlaxInManitoba

Presentedby:Jean-ChristopeHabeckMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofBiosystemsEngineering

Advisor(s):JMorrison

Co-Author(s):TasneemVahora,ShawnaDuCharme,DiogenesVedoy,Lin-P’ingChoo-Smith


Theuseof fibre fromhempandflaxstraw incompositesandtextiles requires that the ligno-cellulosicmaterialbe separated from theportions containinghemi-celluloseorother tissues.Thisistraditionallydoneafter"water-retting";thatis,submersioninwatertopromoteanaerobicdigestion of non-cellulosic plant tissue. A less polluting/water expensivemethod is to allowstems to lay in the field and "dew-ret". This work examines the efficacy of dew retting inManitobaversus"water-retting"andunprocessedhempandflax.Specificoutcomesexaminedarethefibreyield,qualitativemicroscopictextureanalysis,andcompositionalcontentoffibrethroughbulkattenuatedtotalreflectioninFourierTransformInfraRedanalysisoffibre.

PosterNumber:6

FlaxandCanolaStemCross-SectionPreparationforFTIRSpectromicroscopy

Presentedby:TasneemVahoraPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofBiosystemsEngineering

Advisor(s):JMorrison

Co-Author(s):


The analysis is performed in themid-infrared (mid-IR) region (900cm-1 – 4000cm-1) using anfouriertransforminfrared(FTIR)spectromicroscope.ThegoalofthispreliminaryresearchistodevelopamethodforsamplepreparationthatresultsinFTIRdatafordeterminationofchemicaldistributionwithout interference of embeddingmaterials or other process alterations to thesamples.FTIRspectromicroscopyisachemicalimagingtechniquethataidsinthedeterminationofchemicalcompositionaldistributionthroughouttheanatomyofthestem.Thismethodologyhasbeensuccessfullyappliedinpreviousresearchinvolvingflaxtoidentifytheprimarychemicalconstituents inthestems(i.e.,cellulose,hemicellulose, lignin,pectinandwax).Thedriedandrehydratedstemsof flaxandcanolawere imagedusingFTIR transflectionmode.Samples forcross-sectioning are embedded inmedia, then frozen,microtomed to approximately 5-20µmthicknessandmountedonaMirIRslides(coatedwithIRreflectivematerial)fortransflectanceFTIR. The maps of chemical compositional distribution obtained from flax stems providecorrelation with location of fibre bundles determined. The results indicate that due to thedifferencesinfragilityofdriedstemsthatwhileflaxcross-sectioningwassuccessfulthecanolacross-sectioningwasnotsuccessfulandremainsanelusivetask.

PosterNumber:7

MonitoringOfDamageProgressionInGlassFiberReinforcedPolymerRodsUsingAcousticEmissionEntropy

Presentedby:MohammadhadiShateriMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering

Advisor(s):Dr.Thomson

Co-Author(s):

ResearchArea(s):CompositeMaterialSystems

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rods have beenwidely used in reinforcing of the civilstructures.Highstrength-to-weight ratioandhigh resistance to thecorrosionmake theGFRProdsagoodreplacement forsteel reinforcingrods incivilengineeringapplications.TheGFRProdscanbecomedamagedduetoexcessiveloadingoraccidentalsourcesofdamage.Accordingto the CAN/CSA-S806-12 standard, the maximum recommended stress in GFRP rods underserviceloadsshouldnotexceed25%oftheultimatestrength.ThisstressvalueissettopreventcreepfailureinGFRPbars.However,forin-serviceapplicationstherearefewphysicalindicatorsthat thisvaluehasbeenreachedorexceeded. In thisworkanalysisofacousticemission (AE)signalsinfrequencydomainisusedtodeterminewhenthemaximumrecommendedstressinGFRProdshasbeenexceeded.

PosterNumber:8

SynthesisOfBulkMetallicCrystalline-AmorphousComposites

Presentedby:TaiwoDadaMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering

Advisor(s):CDeng,O.AOjo

Co-Author(s):ChuangDeng,OlanrewajuOjo


Materialswithmicrostructuralheterogeneityhaverecentlyattracteddramaticattentioninthematerialssciencecommunitytoachievebothhighstrengthandductility.Inthepresentstudy,AccumulativeRollBonding(ARB)wasusedtoprocessacompositeofcopperandanickelbasedmetallicglass.Byusingopticalmicroscopy,ruptureofthehard-metallicglassphasewasdetectedeven after one cycle. Cu/MG sheets were seen to have deformed inhomogeneously,accompaniedbytheformationofmultiplefractureoftheMGlayers.ThesefracturedfragmentsoftheMGlayerswerethendistributedintheCumatrix.FurtherARBpassesshowthatsomeofthemetallicglassfragmentsarerupturedintotinypiecesanddistributedmorehomogeneouslyinthecrystallinecoppermatrix.

PosterNumber:9

SensitivityAnalysisOfAParallelPlateMethodForMeasuringTheDielectricPermittivityOfHighVoltageInsulatingMaterials

Presentedby:AntonVykhodtsevMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering

Advisor(s):D.R.Oliver,B.Kordi

Co-Author(s):D.R.Oliver,B.Kordi


Dielectricfrequencyresponsecharacterizationofpolymericinsulationmaterialsisoftenusedtoperformcomparativestudiesofageingincaseofsamplesfromthedecommissionedinstallationsorobtainedemployingacceleratedageinginthelaboratoryenvironment.Particularinterestforthisanalysispresentsalowfrequencyrangesincenoticeablemarkersofageingsuchasinterfacialchargedynamics,new localizedchargesites,andpureDCconductivityaredetected.This lowfrequency spectroscopymay be conducted using the sample fixture/holder in the form of aparallelplatecapacitor.Inthecaseofpolymericsamples,thepossibilityofphysicaldeformationwithinthesampleholderandpresenceofthecontactresistancebetweensampleandplatesaddadditional variability to comparative measurements. This work undertakes a systematicsensitivity analysis of a contact-free parallel-plate capacitance measurement approach forpolymericmaterials thatonlyhasonecapacitanceplate incontactwith thesample,avoidingaforementionedissues.Theanalysisdemonstratesthattheuncertaintyinthemeasurementofthedielectricconstantandlosstangentmostlydependsontheprecisionwithwhichtheplate-plate and plate-sample separation is determined. The measurements also show that thedeterminationoflosstangentcanbesusceptibletouncertaintiesarisingfromelectricalnoise,butthatthesecanbecontrolledfurtherbyutilizingmorerefinedinstrumentation.

PosterNumber:10

ComparisonBetweenMicrostructuralAnalysisOfFRPBarsUsingMicroComputedTomography(µct),ScanningElectronMicroscope(SEM)Techniques

Presentedby:MahaGhaibPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofCivilEngineering

Advisor(s):D.Svecova,D.Thomson

Co-Author(s):MohammadhadiShateri,MichaelJackson,RavinderSidhu,DouglasJ.Thomson,DagmarSvecova

ResearchArea(s):CompositeMaterialSystems,MechanicsofMaterialsandStructures

Fiber reinforcedPolymer (FRP)barshave linear-elasticbehaviorupto failure.Therefore,newmethodsarebeinginvestigatedtodeterminethelevelofdamageinthesebarsatvariousstagesofloading.Theaimofthisstudyistoevaluatethemicrocomputedtomography(µCT)asatoolto study the changes in the internal structure of different Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)andGlassFiberReinforcedPolymer(GFRP)rebarssubjectedtotensileloadingatdifferentpercentage of the ultimate load and to confirm the µCT results by using scanning electronmicroscope(SEM)technique.

Microcracksandvoidswereexamined,andthedamagethicknessanddistributionaswell.GFRPbarsrevealedmoredamagecomparingtoCFRPbarsforthesamediameter.DamagesaremostlystartedinthevoidsregionsandexpandedalongthesampleslengthsforbothGFRPandCFRPsamples.Theimageslicesrevealedthatthevoidsandcracksareincreasedwiththeincreasingoftheultimateload,andtheincreasingstartedapproximatelyafter40%oftheultimateloadinGFRPandafter50%oftheultimateloadinCFRP.TheanalysisofFRPbarsbyµCTopensupthepossibilityoftrackingchangesintheFRPbarsinternalstructureasaresultoftensileloading.

PosterNumber:11


Presentedby:AfzalHossainNeelavMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering

Advisor(s):ChuangDeng

Co-Author(s):ChuangDeng

ResearchArea(s):CompositeMaterialSystems,CrystallineMaterialsandNanostructures

Grainboundariesplayasignificantrole inpolycrystallinematerialsastheycontrol theoverallmicrostructuralevolutionand serveasboth sinksand sources fordislocationactivities in thematerial.Byreplacingcrystallineatomsatthegrainboundaryregionwithamorphousinterfacialfilms,itispossibletoenhancedislocationabsorptionandso,reducecracknucleationandgrowthat the interface. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate theinterface energy of bicrystal and polycrystal Cuwith amorphous interface, their deformationmechanismundershearandtensile loading. It isfoundthatrefiningthegrainsizecanhaveagreatimpactonthestrengthandplasticityofthemetalswhichhasbeenusuallyestablishedbytheHall-Petchrelationship.Therefore,itisinterestingtostudytheeffectsofboththegrainsizeandinterfacethicknessonthestrengthofnanocrystallineCuwithamorphousinterfaceandfindoutiftheHall-Petchrelationshipstillholdsinthisnoveltypeofmaterials.

PosterNumber:12

Non-SphericalMagneticNanoparticlesForTheTreatmentOfInfection

Presentedby:RachelNickelMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):J.vanLierop

Co-Author(s):J.Li,P.K.Manna,S.Liu

ResearchArea(s):CrystallineMaterialsandNanostructures,CompositeMaterialSystems

Microbial resistance is a global healthcare crisis. Topical biocides are a possible solution;however, because they do not have specific targets, cytotoxicity is a problem if the biocideremainsincontactwiththehost.Bybiocide-coatingmagneticnanoparticlesweobtainasystemthatmayberemovedusinganexternalmagneticfield,thuslimitingcontacttime.Sphericalironoxidenanoparticles(3nmand8nmindiameter)coatedwithaQACbiocidehavebeenproveneffectiveagainstbothMRSAandP.aeurginosa,butaredifficulttoremovefromwounds.Thisresearch examines non-spherical iron oxide nanoparticles to determine an optimal size andshape.Nanoparticleswere synthesized using single-ion precipitation at various temperaturesresultinginFe3O4disks,cubesandpolyhedra.AftercharacterizationusingXRD,TEMandSQUIDmagnetometry,thenanoparticleswerecoatedwithSiO2andfunctionalizedwithaN-chloraminebiocide.BiologicaltestsperformedonMRSAshowtheefficacyofthesystemsvarieswithparticleshape.

PosterNumber:13

MonteCarloStudyOfAGeometricallyFrustratedRareEarthCompound:SrGd2O4

Presentedby:EmrulHasanMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):B.Southern

Co-Author(s):B.W.Southern

ResearchArea(s):CrystallineMaterialsandNanostructures

Westudythelowtemperaturemagneticphasetransitionsandphasediagramofonememberofthe lathanide family of frustrated compounds, SrGd2O4, using Monte Carlo simulationtechniques. Frustrated magnetism is the study of competing interactions between theneighbouringspins.Recently,frustrationhasbeenidentifiedinarareearthfamilyofcompoundswiththeformulaSrLn2O4whereLn=Ho,Gd,Er,Dy,Tm,andYb.

ThetwodimensionalhoneycombstructureofSrLn2O4intheabplaneisconnectedbytriangularchainsrunningalongthecdirection,makingthesystemfrustrated.WehaveusedamodelofclassicalHeisenbergspinstoinvestigatethelowtemperaturebehaviour.Wehavestudiedthecases of pure exchange and pure dipole interactions as well as their combined effects. Oursimulationresultsqualitativelyagreewiththeexperimentalfindings.

PosterNumber:14

TheMagneticPropertiesOfCoFe2O4NanoparticlesWithCubicAnisotropy

Presentedby:ÇiğdemElifDemirciResearcherattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):JvanLierop

Co-Author(s):JohanvanLierop,SelçukAktürk,PalashManna


Cobalt ferrite, CoFe2O4, is of particular interest because it has strong multiaxial (cubic)magnetocrystallineanisotropythatleadstoamorecomplexsystemofenergybarrierswhichisalsorelatedtoheatingefficiencyofthesystem.Howtheheatingefficiencyisdeterminedbytheintrinsicmagneticpropertieslikethemagnetocrystallineanisotropyisanopenquestion.

In this study, .18 nm CoFe2O4 nanoparticles have been prepared using a non-aqueoussolvothermal method. We have found that the thermal variations of the saturationmagnetizationinthetemperaturerange200-400KfollowsamodifiedBloch’slawthatshowsathresholdthermalenergyisrequiredtogeneratespinwaves.Thedeviationfromthemodelatlowtemperaturescanbeexplainedbythestrong interparticle interactionsthatdominatethesystem. The large magnetocrystalline anisotropy obtained leads to these particles potentialapplicationaseffectivemagnetichyperthermia.ThestudyofthedifferentmagneticpropertiesinCoFe2O4nanoparticleswiththesubstitutionofrareearthelements(La+3andGd+3)inplaceofFe+3ionsisunderwaycurrently.Weaimtoprovideabetterunderstandingofthephysicsbehindthe effective heating of doped and undopedCoFe2O4 nanoparticles, focusing on the role ofeffectivemagneticanisotropythatstronglydependsoncationdistributionduetothepreferredoccupiedpositionsofrareearthions.

This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey(TUBİTAK).

PosterNumber:15

BreakingTheSecondLawOfThermodynamics?ProteresisInCubeShapedCo3O4

Presentedby:MichaelShepitUndergraduatestudentattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy


Co-Author(s):Dr.J.vanLierop


Regardingthesecondlawofthermodynamics,theentropyofasystemcanonlyincrease(oratbest,staythesame)overtime.Ahysteresisloopiscausedbythedissipationofenergywhichiscalculatedbytheareainsidetheloop.Cobaltoxide(Co3O4)isusedinawidevarietyoffields,fromcatalysistoenergystorageapplications.Inthiswork,threedifferentmorphologiesofCo3O4weresynthesized(twonano-sizedsystemsandabulksystem).Twodistinctshapeswereobtained:cubes(sidelength:15nm)andhexagonalplates(diameter:73nm,thickness:9nm).X-raydiffraction,transmissionelectronmicroscopy,andSQUIDmagnetometrywereusedtocharacterizethesamples.BulkCo3O4isananti-ferromagnetwithanormalspinelcrystalstructure.Theplatesandthecubesbothdisplayunusualferromagnetic-likebehaviourbelowthemagneticorderingtemperature.Hysteresisloopsforthehexagonalplatesshowalargeanisotropyduetotheshapeoftheparticle.Themagnetometrymeasurementsperformedonthecubesshowastrangemagneticbehaviourknownasproteresis.Thiscausesthehysteresislooptoappearupsidedownandthisprocessseemstoviolatethesecondlawofthermodynamics.

PosterNumber:16

SpectroscopicStudiesofANewAzidoBridgedNi(II)Complex,di-µ1,1-azido-k4N:N-

bis{ethanol[2–hydroxypropylimino)methyl)–3,5–chlorophenolato-k3N,N¢,O}-nickel(II)

Presentedby:AdemDönmezResearcherattheMuğlaSıtkıKoçmanUniversity,DepartmentofPhysics

Advisor(s):

Co-Author(s):


Ni(II)complexeshaveattractedmuchattentionduringrecentdecadesowingtotheirinterestingarchitectures and potential applications in fields such as coordination polymers,magnetochemistry,bioinorganicchemistryanddye-sensitizedsolarcells(DSSCs).Inthisstudy,anew double end-on azide-bridged dinuclear Schiff base nickel(II) complex, [Ni2(µ1,1-N3)2(HL)2(EtOH)2]2, 1, [HL=2–[(2–hydroxypropylimino)methyl)–3,5–chlorophenol] has beensynthesizedandcharacterizedbyelementalanalysis,UVandIRspectroscopy,singlecrystalX-raydiffractionmethods.Complex1crystallizesintriclinicspacegroup,P-1.Thecompoundcontainshalfofthetwodinuclearazidobridges[Ni2(µ1,1-N3)2(HL)2(EtOH)2]moleculesintheasymmetricunit.TheNi(HL)unitsineachdinuclearmoleculeareconnectedtoeachotherbytwobridgingend-onazideligands.EachNi(II)atomissix-coordinatedbytheONOdonorsetoftheSchiffbaseligandandbyoneterminalNatomofonebridgingazideligand,definingthebasalplane,andbyoneterminalNatomfromtheotherbridgingazideligandandonedonorOatomfromtheEtOHmolecule occupying the axial positions, forming an distorted octahedral coordination. In thecrystallinearchitectureofcomplex1,intermolecularO-H···NandC-H···Nhydrogenbondslinkthemoleculeswhichformtwo-dimensionalstructure.Theelectronicspectrumofthefreeligand(HL)showshighbroadabsorptionbandandthisarisesprocessmaybeduetheconjugatedsystems.Onthecontrary,ithasbeenseentwodifferentabsorptionbandsintheUVspectrumofcomplex1.Theseabsorptionbandscanbeattributedtothen→π*orπ→π*electronictransitionfortheloweroneandcanbeattributedtothed→dtransitionforthehigherone,respectively.TheIRspectraofthefreeligand(HL)showabroadbandinthehighfrequencyregionandattributestoυ(O–H)stretching,whichisdisappearedincomplex1indicatingdeprotonationofthephenolichydroxyl group upon complexation. The several weak peaks in the range of intermediatefrequenciesarelikelytobeduetothecharacteristicaromaticandaliphaticυ(C–H)vibrationsfortheligandandcomplex1.TheIRspectraofthefreeligandshowthestrongabsorptionbandinthelowerfrequencieswhichisattributedtothecharacteristicυ(C=N)stretching.

PosterNumber:17

UnderstandingTheStructureAndPropertiesOfTheSc2O3-V2O3PhaseDiagram

Presentedby:JoeyLussierPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofChemistry

Advisor(s):MBieringer

Co-Author(s):F.Simon,K.Singh,P.Whitfield,V.Thangadurai,M.Bieringer


Fuelcellsarevitaltechnologiesforthefutureofalternativeenergyduetotheirfuelflexibility,lowemissionsandhighconversionefficiency. Ionconductorsassolid-stateelectrolytesplayacrucialroleinimprovingalternativeenergyconversiondevices.Shafi,etal.[1,2]showedthatthestructuralrelationshipbetweenthebixbyiteandfluoritestructurespermitscontrolofoxidationstatesandoxygendefects(A=Sc,In;B=Ti,V).SomeproblemsthataroseinthesesystemsincludethatthedefectfluoriteScVO3.7undergoesanon-topotactic(reconstructive)oxidationandresultsintheformationofanorderedzirconstructure.Thisoxidativetransitionoccursbelowthetypicaloperatingtemperatureofsolidoxidefuelcells(SOFC)andwilldestroythesolidstateelectrolyte.Inordertostabilizethedefectfluoriteandavoidaphasetransitiontoazirconstructureuptotheoperating temperaturesof SOFCs, the full Sc2O3 -V2O3phasediagramwill bepresented.Furthermore,recentresultsinoxideanionsubstitutionwithhalidesasameansofdefectfluoritestabilizationwillbediscussed.Wereportsynthesis,structuralcharacterizationusingX-rayandneutronscattering,thermalanalysis,ionconductivitymeasurements,andreactivitystudiesusingin-situx-raydiffraction.

References

1.Shafi,S.P.;Hernden,B.C.;Cranswick,L.M.D.;Hansen,T.C.Bieringer,M.Inorg.Chem.2012,51,1269-1277.

2.Shafi,S.P.;LundgrenR.J.;Cranswick,L.M.D.;Bieringer,M.J.SolidStateChem.2007,180,3333-3340.

PosterNumber:18

TowardsA’A’’VO5PhasesUsingSolid-StatePaths

Presentedby:DmitryVrublevskiyMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofChemistry

Advisor(s):M.Bieringer

Co-Author(s):J.Lussier,M.Bieringer


Contemporaryhydrocarbonfuelinfrastructurehasademandforconversion-effective,durable,and space-saving routes of oxidant delivery. Solid-state oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) meet theserequirements in full. IdealSOFCsarepowder-basedelectrolyteswithhighO2-mobilityduetorandomizationofoxygenvacanciesandweakbondingbetweenlatticecationsandoxideanions.Well-known SOFCs, however, operate at considerably elevated temperatures - 1000 ºC[Goodenough, 2015]. Much lower temperatures may be achieved for phases like A3+

2V4+O5(oxygen-defectiveMeO2),whichsynthesisisoneofthemaingoalsofourresearch.Interestingly,known A2VO5 compounds have different symmetry, possibly due to different synthesistechniques.Thus,tetragonalSc2VO5wasobtainedbyliquidphasecoprecipitationsynthesiswithfurther single crystal growth [Cong, 2010], orthorhombic In2VO5–by solid-state chemistry invacuum [Möller, 2007], monoclinic Yb2VO5, Y2VO5, and Dy2VO5 – by low-temperaturehydrothermal crystallization [Kimani, 2012], most part of A2VO5 compounds being the sideproducts.

Wemade attempts to synthesize Lu2VO5 by solid-state approach, Lu3+ radius (0.861Å) beingbetweenthoseofIn3+(0.800Å)andYb3+(0.868Å)knowntoformdifferentsymmetries.However,directsolid-statesynthesiswithVO2,proposedforthecasewithSc2VO5[Mikhailov,1971],andsynthesis through vanadium comproportionation, including that via intermediate pyrochloreLu2V4+

2O7,alwaysledtostablezirconLuV5+O4andperovskiteLu3+VO3formation,asprovedbypowder XRD. This problemnow is being addressed through enhancing of Lu2O3 activitywithhighlyreactiveIn2O3,thusaimingatLu2-xInxVO5formation.ThesameapproachisbeingappliedtogetY2-xInxVO5andYb2-xInxVO5,alsoneverobtainedbysolid-statechemistry.

PosterNumber:19

H-TPhaseDiagramOfThe3DKagomeLattice

Presentedby:DanielMacielMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):BSouthern

Co-Author(s):


Antiferromagnetismisatypeofmagnetismthatexhibitedincertainmaterialsandhaslongbeena subject of interest for researchers in the field. At low temperatures in antiferromagneticmaterialsthespinsinthelatticemustalignthemselvesinananti-parallelconfigurationbetweentheirneighbourstominimizetheirexchangeenergy intheirgroundstate.Complicationsarisewhenthelatticeiscomposedoftrianglesastheexchangeenergycannotbemutuallysatisfiedbetweenneighboursonthelattice.Thisphenomenaiscalledgeometricfrustrationandleadstointerestinggroundstateconfigurations.

Whiletherehavebeenmanystudiesdoneongeometricallyfrustratedlatticesintwodimensions,researchonthesubjectinthreedimensionshasyettobeexploredfully.Thereforethispaperwill seek todevelopanH-Tphasediagramaspecific typeof triangular lattice typecalled theKagomelatticewhichisobservedinsomerealmaterialssuchasIrMn3.

TocharacterizethesetransitionsstandardheatbathMonteCarlosimulationsforanumberofdifferent lattice sizes will be performed with magnetic spins being distributed on each siteaccording to a BoltzmannDistribution. A variety of order parameters such as spin stiffness,correlationlengthandmagneticsusceptibilitywillbemeasuredasthesequantitiesexperiencemeasurablechangesatorneartransitions.

Thisprojectwillseektoilluminatetheeffectsofgeometricalfrustrationinthree-dimensionsandcomplimentpreviousworkdoneonthistopicintwo-dimensions

PosterNumber:20

UnderstandingNMRSpectraOfParamagneticM(acac)xComplexesInTheSolidState

Presentedby:KirillLevinPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofCHEMISTRY

Advisor(s):S.Kroeker

Co-Author(s):ScottKroeker


TofacilitateapplicationsofNMRtoparamagneticsolids,weusefastMagicAngleSpinning(MAS)inconjunctionwithDensityFunctionalTheory(DFT)toanalyzeelectronspindensitydistributionsin well-characterized metal-acetylacetonate coordination compounds. DFT proves to beremarkably effective in predicting peak positions, making signal assignments relativelystraightforward. Spin-density contour maps provide valuable insight into the mechanismsunderlying the observed 13C and 1H peak shifts. Peak widths are differentially affected byelectron relaxation and shown to be informative for the estimation of electron-nuclearinteractions.ThisapproachpermitsoptimizationofNMRexperimentsandoffers chemistsanadditionaltoolforextractingstructuralinformation.

PosterNumber:21

One-PotSynthesisOfAmine-FunctionalizedFe3O4NanodiscsAndTheirSampleBiomedicalApplications

Presentedby:PalashMannaPostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy


Co-Author(s):R.Nickel,Y.Wroczynskyj,V.Yathindranath,JieLi,SongLiu,D.W.Miller,andJ.vanLierop


Magnetite(Fe3O4)nanoparticlescoatedwithasuitablebiocompatiblematerialcanhavevariousapplications as in targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, and topical biocide application andremoval. The innatebiocompatibilityof Fe3O4 (also approvedby the FDA)makes it themostsought-aftercandidateforsuchpurposes.Themorphology,aspectratioandorientationofthenanoparticlesinfluencetheirinteractionwithbiologicalsystems.Wehavefoundpreviouslythatnon-spherical nanoparticles have an improved cellar uptake profile compared to spheres.However,synthesisofnon-sphericalnanoparticlesofteninvolvesmultiplereagents,severalstepsandahighlycontrolledenvironment.

Wehavefoundanewwayofsynthesizingnon-sphericalFe3O4nanoparticlesingram-scalequantitieswhichdoesnotinvolve(i)multiplesteps(one-potreaction)and(ii)multiplereagents(justtworeagents;iron(II)chloridetetrahydrateandtriethylamine)and(iii)elevatedtemperature(canbedoneatroomtemperature)and(iv)controlledenvironment(wasdoneinanopenbeaker).Usingx-raydiffractionandMössbauerspectroscopytechniques,wehavetrackedthereactionpath,quantifiedtheamountofintermediatespresent,andproposedthechemicalreactionpathways.BymodifyingthesurfacefurtherwithbicidesandEDTA-Na3(N-(trimethoxysilyl-propyl)ethylenediaminetriacetatetrisodiumsalt),wehaveshownthatthesenanoparticles(i)are100%effectiveininactivatingmethicillin-resistantstaphylococcusaureus(MRSA)bacteriain2hours,and(ii)have100%cellularuptakeprofileinpresenceofasmalldc-magneticfield,makingthemapromisingcandidateasdrugcarriersformagneticfieldtargeteddelivery.

PosterNumber:22

HelpingSolveTheRareEarthCrisis:CrystallineIronCobaltNanoparticlesForUseInHard/SoftNanocomposites

Presentedby:KellyNewmanMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy


Co-Author(s):MichaelRowe,RyanDesautels,JohnW.FreelandandJohanvanLierop


Softmagneticmaterialslikeironcobaltareidealfortransformerandinductorcoresduetohighsaturationmagnetizationandlowhystereticlosses.Ironcobaltisanalloyoftwonon-rareearthelementsthatarerelativelyaccessibleandtherefore,inexpensive.Thebulkalloyhasasaturationmagnetizationhigherthananyotherrare-earthfreesystem.Whenironcobaltnanoparticlesaresynthesizedusinga scalablemetalhalide reduction,4nmparticlesareproduced.Mossbauerspectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray absorption (XAS) and x-ray magnetic circulardichroism(XMCD)allconfirmtheamorphousnatureoftheseparticles.Theseparticlesarethenannealedat450Ctoachieve25nmparticles.TheseparticlesexhibitahighlycrystallinestructurewhichisconfirmedbyXRDandrefinementoftheseXRDpatternsatemperaturedependenceofthe lattice volume. The25nm iron cobalt nanoparticles also have a temperaturedependentcoercivity.Thisisindicativeofthemagneticanisotropyoftheparticles.Thedependenceoftheanisotropyonthelatticevolumewillbediscussedaswellastheotherfactorsthatcontributetomagneticanisotropy.

PosterNumber:23

DipolarFerromagnetismInThree-DimensionalSuperlatticesOfNanoparticles

Presentedby:BasselAlkadourPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):J.vanLierop,B.W.Southern

Co-Author(s):B.W.Southern,J.vanLierop,J.P.Whitehead,J.I.Mercer


Atomistic core-shell models of maghemite spherical nanoparticles and three dimensionalhierarchicalstructureofthesenanoparticlesusingnewlydevelopedstochasticLandau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (sLLG) simulations,arepresented. Our simulationsareable tocorrectly simulate realexperimentsonmagneticnanoparticles, suchas theunusual temperaturedependenceof themagnetismÐanopenquestionintheliterature.Wefindthattheatomsonthesurface(radialsurface anisotropy) gives rise to a surface magnetization with an unforeseen domain wallseparatingthemagneticpolesofasphericalnanoparticle.Theinhomogeneityoftheoxygeniondistributiononthenanoparticlesurfaceresultsinapinningofthisdomainwall,andthispinningis shown to play an important role in the temperature dependent magnetism relaxationprocesses. Inanface-centredcubic (FCC)superlatticeofthesenanoparticles,weconfirmthepostulatethatdipolarinteractionsshouldpermitanewtypeofferromagnetism.Additionally,we find that the surface anisotropy pinning effect of the nanoparticles in a FCC superlatticedecreasesthealignmentthenanoparticles'magnetizations,reducingtheoverallmagnetismofthesuperlatticewithdecreasingtemperature(e.g.20Kfor7.5nmnanoparticleswitha0.6nmthickshellofdisorderedatoms)–asobservedinexperiment.

PosterNumber:24

NanoceriaAndNOxCatalysis:TheMissingLinkToPredictingCatalyticActivityIsQuantifyingTheDynamicOxygen

Presentedby:VinodPaidiPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy


Co-Author(s):L.Savereide,D.J.Childers,J.M.Notestein,C.A.Roberts,andJvanLierop

ResearchArea(s):CrystallineMaterialsandNanostructures,SurfacesandInterfaces

OxygenvacancydefectsinnanoscaleCeO2(nanoceria)areofspecialimportancebecauseoftheirimpactonthestructureandelectronicpropertiesofthesurface.Nanoceriahasattractedmuchattentionduetoitscatalyticproperties,andoneofthecriticalaspectsofthisnovelcatalystisitsoxygen partial pressure dependent ability to undergo repeatable Ce4+-to-Ce3+ redox cyclesthrough oxygen vacancy formation. Oxygen vacancy transport, i.e.mobility of oxygen in thefluoritelattice,isthereforeoffundamentalinterestduetothereactivityofthesevacanciesoncethey reach the surface. The magnetic susceptibility of ceria is sensitive to the redoxtransformationofdiamagneticCe4+(4f0)toparamagneticCe3+(4f1withS=1/2andJ=5/2),andherewedemonstratethisasanewwindowtostudytheevolutionofvacanciesandmigrationofoxygen atoms from inside the ceria structure to its surfaces, probing the oxygen through itsantiferromagnetictoparamagnetictransitionat50K.InthisworkweintroducemagnetometryasanoveltechniquebasedonthemagneticresponseofCe3+andmolecularoxygenadsorbedonthesurfaceofnanoceriaandceria-basedcatalyststhatquantifiesforthefirsttimethenumberand type of defects (e.g. reduced Ce3+, lattice oxygen vacancies, and Frenkel pairs), anddemonstratesthatthis information isthemissing linkthatfinallyenablespredictivedesignofNOxcatalysisinceria-basedsystems,acriticalreactionforemissionscontrol.

PosterNumber:25

AnalysesOfSofteningBehaviourInWire-ArcAdditiveManufacturedATI718PLUS

Presentedby:GbengaAsalaPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering

Advisor(s):O.AOjo,J.Andersson

Co-Author(s):J.Andersson,O.A.Ojo

ResearchArea(s):HighTemperatureAerospaceMaterials

Additivemanufacturing(AM),theindustrialversionof3Dprinting,hasgainsignificantattentioninthemanufacturingindustriesinthelastfewyearsasproductionofpartsrequiresimprovementintermsofqualityandcostsreduction.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistoanalyseanddeterminethe mechanism responsible for a detrimental softening in a recently developed aerospacesuperalloy, ATI 718Plus, processed by wire-arc additive manufacturing. The study involvedtheoretical calculations coupled with electron microscopy and spectroscopy analyses.Thermodynamicsimulationresultssuggestthatthesofteningbehaviouriscausedbyreductionin both the re-precipitation kinetics and the extent of precipitation of the key strengtheningphasesofthealloy,duetotheeffectsofelementalmicrosegregationthatoccurredduringtheAMprocess.Thecalculationsfurthershowthatthesofteningproblemcanbeeliminatedthroughanappropriateuseofpost-processthermal treatmentthatenablesadequatediffusiondrivensolute re-distribution. Interestingly, the predictions of the thermodynamic calculations areexperimentallyconfirmedandthesofteningproblemiseradicatedbytheuseofapost-processthermaltreatment.

PosterNumber:26

ViscoelasticBehaviorOfACylinderFilledWithACompressibleFluid

Presentedby:VahidRabbaniPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering

Advisor(s):NanWu

Co-Author(s):V.Rabbani,A.Bahari,N.Wu

ResearchArea(s):MechanicsofMaterialsandStructures

There are number of mathematical expression for modeling the viscoelastic behavior of acontinuousmedium.AmongwhichtheMaxwellmodelisoneofthesimplestonetoimplement.Itissimplybasedonamass-dashpotsysteminseries.Theenergydissipationelementisalinear,firstorderdamperinrateform.Thegoaloftheproposedstudyistoapplythismodeltoalreadyexistingpurelyelasticmodelofacylinder.Thefundamental,effectivemodelwouldbethekindofNavierequationwithLame’constantsintherateform.Ananalyticalapproachisdesirableinthefrequencydomain.Lateronitiscanbeintegratedtoamoregeneraltemporalresponseofthesystem.Thenumericalresultofsuchamodelcanprovidevaluablecluestounderstandtheenergydissipationanddispersionbehavioroftheboundaries.Thevalidityofthemodelshallbecross-checkedagainstpreviouslypublishedstudiesaswellas commercialnumericalpackagessuchasComsol.

PosterNumber:27

TheEffectsOfCrystalOrientationAndVoidsOnAluminiumNanocubesUnderUniaxialTensionStudiedByMolecularDynamicsSimulations

Presentedby:NavjotKaurPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering

Advisor(s):O.AOjo,C.Deng

Co-Author(s):C.Deng,O.A.Ojo


MoleculardynamicsimulationsusingEmbeddedAtomMethod(EAM)potentialsandLAMMPScodeareperformedtoinvestigatethedeformationbehaviourofAlnanocubesalongdifferentcrystallographicorientationsunderuniaxialtensileloading.Thespecimensareconstructedwithsphericalvoidstoanalysetheireffectondamageevolution.Moreover,theeffectofvoidsizeonthestrengthofAlnanocubesisalsostudiedbydeformingthenanocubesalong[001],[111]and[011]directions.ThesimulationresultsshowsthatloadingtheAlnanocubes(withoutvoids)in[001] direction resists plastic deformation much more than [111] and [011] directions andexhibitsmuch largervalueofultimatestrengthascomparedtoothertwocases.Besides, thesimulations show that thepresenceof voidsdegrades the strengthofAl nanocubes and thisdegradationisexacerbatedwithincreaseinthesizeofthevoid.Interestingly,theeffectofvoidsizeondeformationismuchmorepronouncedwhenAlisloadedalong[001]and[111]directionsrelativeto[011]direction.Thedeformationsensitivityofaloadingdirectiontothepresenceofvoidsfollowstheorder[001]>[111]>[011].Thisisexplainedbythephysicalbehaviourofstackingfaultsformedduringloading.Allobservationsmadeduringthesimulationsaresupportedbytheatomicconfigurationsatdifferentstagesofdeformationandstress-straincurves.

PosterNumber:28

FiniteElementStudyOfDominantStimulusInRegulatingFemurBoneRemodeling

Presentedby:YichenZhangMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering

Advisor(s):YLLuo

Co-Author(s):YunhuaLuo


BasedontheWolff’slaw,mechanicalstimuliaffecttheformationofbonestructureanditsbonemineral density (BMD) distribution. There are a number of possible mechanical stimuli, forexample,von-Misesstress,tensilestress,compressivestressandstrainenergydensity(SED).Itisnotclearwhich is thedominantstimulus.Theobjectiveof thisstudywastodeterminethedominantstimulusthatregulatesfemurBMDbyiterativefiniteelementsimulationsofWolff’slaw.

Four finite elementmodels of a femur initially had the same finite elementmesh, the sameuniformBMDandwere affectedby the samehabitual physiological loading. In the followingiterative simulations, BMD in each model was ‘remodeled’ by one of the four stimuli. TheiterationswerecontinueduntilthechangeofBMDineachmodelwassmallerthanaspecifiedvalue. The dominant stimulus was determined by comparing the simulated BMD with thatmeasuredbyclinicalQCT(quantitativecomputedtomography).

TheresultsshowedBMDdistributioninthefiniteelementmodelregulatedbySEDwasclosesttoQCTmeasuredBMD,followedbyvon-Misesstressandthentensilestressandcompressivestress.ItisthusconcludedthatSEDwasthedominantstimulusinregulatingfemurBMD.

PosterNumber:29

BendingActiveFramedFabricFormworkStructures

Presentedby:LancelotCoarPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofArchitecture

Advisor(s):LDeLaet,MWest

Co-Author(s):

ResearchArea(s):MechanicsofMaterialsandStructures,SurfacesandInterfaces

Thisresearchexploresthepotentialofflexiblematerialstocreateself-organizingstructurestoproducestructurallyefficient,buildableanduniquearchitectural forms.Specifically, thisworklooksattheuseoffiberglassrebartocreatebendingactive(BA)framesasastructuralframeworkto support fabric formwork. Oncemounted to the BA frame, the fabric formwork is able toreceivetheapplicationofaliquid-to-solidmaterial(likefiberglassresin,GFRC,concrete,orice)tocreateastructuralshell.TheBAframeutilizesthehighlyelastic,butpredictable,behaviourofthefiberglasstogenerateanticipatedgeometriesandstructuraltopologiesthatguidefabrictocreateanefficientanduniquestructuralshell form. Thisresearchexploreshowtheprinciplestresslinesofashellstructurecanhelptoorganizethestructuraltopologyofthebarplacement,allowing the bars to guide the fabric to create a structural form that is congruent with theanticipatedforce-flowoftheshellstructure.Becauseoftheliquidstateofthestructuralmaterialappliedtothefabric,theBAframehelpstoguidetheliquid-to-solidmaterialtobeconcentratedalongthePSLoftheshell.Theopportunitywithsuchasystemisthatitallowsforthedesignandconstructionoflightweightshellsthatperforminefficientwaysbyorganizingstructuralmaterialwhereforcesareexpected,andminimizesitwhereitisreduced.

PosterNumber:30

ChemicalAndMechanicalCharacterizationOf3DDentalImplants

Presentedby:CristinaFiuzaPostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofRestorativeDentistry

Advisor(s):R.Fran�a

Co-Author(s):MohammadAramfard,ChuangDeng,RodrigoFrança

ResearchArea(s):MechanicsofMaterialsandStructures,SurfacesandInterfaces

Background. Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is a technology that can allow design andmanufacturepersonalizeddentalimplantsusing(3D)computermodel.

Objective:TheaimofthisstudywastocompareanexperimentalDMLStitaniumdentalimplant(Ti6AL4V)(3D)withsevendifferentconventionaldentalimplants(CDI)availableonthemarket.

Methods: All specimenswere halved andmounted in epoxy resin, polished and investigatedusingNanoindentation.ThemechanicaltestswereperformedbyHysitronTI750equipmentwithaBerkovichindenterapplyingamaximumloadof2000mN.Aminimumof6indentationswerecarriedoutoneachsampleandtheresultswerereportedastheaverageofthetests.Inaddition,the morphological structure of the specimens’ surfaces were analyzed by scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) and the chemical composition verified by energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).AllthedatawerestatisticallyanalyzedusingANOVAone-wayandTukeyTest.

Results:Chemicalcompositionanalysesdemonstrateddifferencebetween3DandCDI.Elasticmodulusrangedfrom72to118GPa.3DvaluesweresignificantlylowerthanmostoftheCDI.Thehardnessmeanswerefor3D:4.28(±0.70)GPaandforCDIthevaluerangewasfrom4.31to5.24GPawithsignificantscatteramongsomeofthem.

Conclusions. DMLS titanium implants have a huge potential for being used in dentistry. Theexperimental3Dshowedtobeabletosatisfythechemicalandmechanicalrequirementtobeusedasoralheathprocedure.

PosterNumber:31

EffectOfNetrin-1OnTheMigrationAndChemotaxisOfHumanNeutrophilsAndBreastCancerCellsInMicrofluidicDevices

Presentedby:JollyHipolitoResearcherattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):FLin

Co-Author(s):HagitPeretz-Soroka

ResearchArea(s):MEMS/MicrofluidicSystems

JollyHipolito1,HagitPeretz-Soroka1,AnielMoyaTorres,KeYang,MonikaGupta,MarkusMeier,EvanBooy,SeanMcKenna,ManuelKoch,JšrgStetefeld,FrancisLin

Netrin-1iswell-knownforitschemoattractiveandchemorepulsivepropertiesforaxonguidancewheninteractingwithcellreceptorsthat includedeletedincolorectalcancer(DCC),neogeninanduncoordinated5 (UNC5).Earlyreports indicatethat leukocytesexpressUNC5b, inhibitinggranulocytemigrationandchemotaxisbothinvivoandinvitrowheninteractingwithnetrin-1.On the other hand, netrin-1 was found to stimulate bi-directional migration of activated Tlymphocytes.DCCcanalsobeexpressedinvariouscancercells,whichcanmediateaselectiveadvantageforcellsurvivalthroughitsdependencereceptormechanismandcanpromotetumorinvasion.Themechanismunderlyingnetrin-1mediatedimmuneandcancercellmigrationisfarfrom being clearly understood. In this study, we applied a microfluidics approach toquantitativelytesttheinfluenceofnetrin-1onthemigrationofpurifiedhumanbloodneutrophilsanddifferenthumanbreastcancercelllines.Ourcurrentresultsshowedthatnetrin-1decreasedthebasalmotilityofpurifiedhumanbloodneutrophilsandhadasignificanteffectonneutrophilchemotaxisunderdifferentgradientconfigurations.Furthermore,netrin-1promoteddirectionalmigrationofhumanbreastcancercelllinesincludingMDA-MB-231andMCF-7cells.Theseresultswillbeusefulforfurtherinvestigationofnetrin-1mediatedcellmigrationandthedevelopmentofrelevanttherapeuticapplications.

PosterNumber:32

ExplorationOfIntracellularProtonCurrentsAndCytoplasmicStreaming(iPC-CS)ModelInDrivingAmoeboid-LikeMotilityInAMicrofluidicElectrotaxisAssay

Presentedby:HagitPeretz-SorokaPostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):FLLin

Co-Author(s):HagitPeretz-Soroka,ReuvenTirosh,JollyHipolito,ErwinHuebner,MurrayAlexander,JasonFiege,FrancisLin


Experimental studies showed that actin filamentsmotion, cytoplasmic streaming andmusclecontractioncanbereconstitutedunderactin-activatedATPhydrolysisbysolublenonfilamentousmyosinfragments.Thus,biologicalmotilitywasdemonstrated intheabsenceofacontinuousproteinnetwork.Theseresultsleadtoanintegrativemodelforcellmotility,whichadvocatesanactive roleplayedby intracellularprotoncurrentsandcytoplasmic streaming (iPC-CS). In thismodel, proton and fluid currents develop intracellular electric polarization and pressuregradients, which generate an electro-hydrodynamic mode of amoeboid motion. Under anexternalelectricfield(EF),thetorqueactingontheelectricdipoleofthecellturnsittomovetowards the cathode. Suchunidirectional energeticproton currents andactive streamingaredrivenbyATPhydrolysisthroughmyosinheadsalongorientedactinfilaments.Keypredictionsofthis model are verified by microscopy visualization and in-depth analysis of purified humanneutrophils using microfluidic electrotaxis assays. Three phases in cell motility profiles,morphology, and cytoplasmic streaming are revealed in response to physiological ranges ofchemicalstimulationandEFapplication,whichareconsistentlyexplainedbytheiPC-CSmodel.Thisalternativebiophysicalmechanismofcellmotilityprovidesnewinsightsintobioenergeticsandfacilitatesnewbiomedicalapplications.

PosterNumber:33

PolyVinylAlcoholBasedHumiditySensingTagUsingTimeGatedRCSMeasurement

Presentedby:RobinRajuMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering

Advisor(s):GBridges

Co-Author(s):Bridges,Greg.E


Aradarcross-sectionbasedhumiditysensingtagispresented.Thetagconsistsofanannularslotantenna loadedwithan interdigitatedcapacitor.The interdigitatedcapacitor is functionalisedusingthehumiditysensingmaterialÐpolyvinylalcohol.Withanincreaseinhumidity,thewatercontentinthepolymerelevates,resultinginachangeinthedielectricpropertiesofPVA.Thischangeinthedielectricpropertyinturncausesashiftintheresonantfrequencyandthequalityfactorofthesensingtag.Withabuilt-inreferenceandatimegatedRCSmeasurement,itisshownthatthechangeinresonantfrequencyandthequalityfactorofthesensingtagcanbeaccuratelydetermined.Thisapproachenablesavoidanceofbothstaticanddynamicscatteringsources.Thesensitivityandstabilityofthetagforvarioushumiditylevelswerevalidatedthroughexperiments.Thebio-compatibledesignofthetagenablesitspotentialapplicationinnon-invasivemonitoringofpackagedfoodproductsforextendedshelflife.

PosterNumber:34

PhaseControlledCavityMagnonPolaritonInTheCrossCavity

Presentedby:JinweiRaoPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):C.-M.Hu

Co-Author(s):JinweiRao,YongshengGui,SandeepKaur,YutongZhao,BimuYao,Can-MingHu

ResearchArea(s):PhotonicandPhononicInteractions

Inamicrowavecavity,whenanelectromagneticwavepropagatesinamagneticmaterial,duetothe strong light-matter interaction, a cavity magnon polariton (CMP) quasi-particle will begenerated.Untilnow,differentmethodssuchas tuningthedetunefrequency (thedifferencebetweenthecavitymodeandthemagnonresonantfrequency),adjustingthecouplingstrengthandchangingthedampingfactorshavebeendevelopedtomanipulatetheCMP.Inthiswork,wehavedevelopedanewtechnologywhichcanpreciselyandcontinuouslycontroltheCMPusingthe phase of the input microwave. We designed a cross cavity which can be viewed as acombinationof2orthogonalstrip-linecavities.Bychangingthephasedifferencebetweenthe2branches,wecancontinuouslyalter thepolarizationofmicrowaveat thecenterof thecrosscavity from elliptical polarization, to linear polarization, and to circular polarization. A lowdampingbulkferromagneticinsulatorwasmountedatthecenterofthecrosscavitysothatwiththeevolutionofmicrowavepolarization,theexcitationofmagnonsinthemagneticmaterialcanbe tuned precisely which allows the control of the CMP. To describe the experimentalobservations, we put forward a concise classical model, which accurately highlights the keyphysics of phase correlation between the polarized microwave photon and magnetizationdynamics.ThisphasecontrolofCMPmayopenupnewavenuesformaterialscharacterizationandmicrowaveapplications.

PosterNumber:35

Non-ResonantRadiationDampingInACoupledCavityPhoton-MagnonSystem

Presentedby:SandeepKaurMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):C.-MHu

Co-Author(s):JinweiRao,BimuYao,YongshengGui


Non-resonant radiation damping in a planar cavity photon-magnon coupled system isexperimentally demonstrated using a planar strip-line cavity along with an YIG sphere.Traditionally,theresonancefrequencydispersionandthelinewidthexchangeduetothecavityphoton-magnoncouplinghasbeenstudiedwhentheresonancefrequencyofboththemodesismatched.Inthiscase,theresonantradiationdampingleadstothelinewidthexchangebetweenthe photon-like and magnon-like hybrid modes. However, the effect of the non-resonantradiation damping, generated due to themagnetic dipole radiation, becomes apparent onlywhen the resonance frequency of the cavity photon-magnon modes is mismatched. At thiscondition,acarefulexaminationofthechangeinthelinewidthaswellastheshiftinthemagnonresonance frequency reveals the presence of this non-resonance effect. This effect can beexplainedbyusinganadditional relaxation channel for thehybridized cavityphoton-magnonsystem.Thisexperimental realizationand theoreticalmodelingof thenon-resonant radiationdamping in cavity photon-magnon systemsmay help in the design and adaptation of thesesystems for potential practical applications such as developing long-lifetime multi-modequantummemories.

PosterNumber:36

AnExplorationOfTheSpin-PhotonTopology

Presentedby:MichaelHarderPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):C.-M.Hu

Co-Author(s):LihuiBai,PaulHyde,Can-MingHu


Understandingandcontrolling light-matter interactions is thekernelofmaterials scienceandresearchinthisdirectionhasrecentlyrevealedtheexcitingnewfrontierofstrongspin-photoncoupling.Insystemscomprisedofferromagneticmaterialsandmicrowaveresonators,extremelylowdampingratesmergedwithlargecoherentspin-photoncouplinghasledtothedevelopmentofnewhybridquantuminformationarchitecturesandtherealizationofcoherentspincurrentcontrol.Akeytothesuccessofthisnewfieldisanimprovedunderstandingof,andtheabilitytocontrol,boththecouplingstrengthandlossrates.Inourrecentworkwehaveusedanovelandsimpletechniquetosystematicallycontrolthecouplingstrengthin-situ.Usingthiscapabilitywehave explored the role of damping on the key property of these systems— their excitationspectrum. We find that damping plays a crucial role in the formation of the spin-photonexcitationsandinparticularcanleadtothedevelopmentofcertain“exceptionalpoints”inthespectrum.Theseexceptionalpointshaveatopologicaloriginandcanbeexploitedtosuppressnormalcouplingbehaviour,aswellastorealizeinterestingmodeswitchingphenomena,whichcanbetunedbytheadditionofcavityorspinwavemodes.Ourspin-photonsystemthereforeshows great promise for the fundamental exploration of exotic physics as well as for novelspintronicapplications.

PosterNumber:37

Ferrocene-BOPHYDyadsAsProspectiveCompoundsForLight-Harvesting

Presentedby:DionNemezUndergraduatestudentattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofChemistry

Advisor(s):Dr.V.Nemykin

Co-Author(s):Dr.YuriyV.Zatsikha,Dr.VictorN.Nemykin


BOPHY(bis(difluoroboron)1,2-bis((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine)isanewtypeoforganicfluorophore with distinguished properties such as excellent chemical and photochemicalstability, high molar absorption coefficients, and high fluorescence quantum yields. StartingBOPHY molecule was synthesized from pyrrole. Ferrocene containing BOPHY dyads wereobtainedbyKnoevenagelcondensationwithferrocenecarboxaldehyde.ThesecompoundshavebeencharacterizedbyNMR,UV-Vis-NIR,aswellasX-raycrystallography.Electrochemicalandspectroelectrochemical measurements were carried out in order to investigate their redoxproperties.

PosterNumber:38

Electron-TransferProcessesInNonCovalentInteractionsBetweenAza-BODIPYDerivativesAndCarbonNanostructures

Presentedby:TannerBlesenerPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofChemistry

Advisor(s):V.N.Nemykin

Co-Author(s):TannerS.Blesener,YuriyV.Zatsikha,GregoryT.Rohde,ColeHolstrom,VictorN.Nemykin

ResearchArea(s):PhotonicandPhononicInteractions,QuantumMaterials

Borondipyromethane(BODIPY)dyeshaveintenseabsorptionandhighquantumyieldemissionintheNIRregion.Thesecharacteristicsalongwiththeirsolubilityinorganicsolventsmakethempopularfluorophores.WehavepreparedaseriesoftheNIRabsorbingaza-BODIPYdyes,whichwere characterized using NMR, UV-Vis-NIR, fluorescence, HRMS spectroscopy, and X-raycrystallography. Non-Covalent π-π interactions between new pyrene-containing BODIPYderivativeswithC60,C70,graphene,andsingle-walledcarbonnanotubeswerestudiedusingUV-Visandsteady-statefluorescencespectroscopy.Theredoxpropertiesoftheaza-BODIPYswereinvestigated using electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. Using x-raycrystallographywewereabletostudyacocrystalliteofouraza-BODIPYmoleculeswithC60.

PosterNumber:39

Dy2ScNbO7:ANewSpinIceCandidate?

Presentedby:MeganRutherfordUndergraduatestudentattheUniversityofWinnipeg,DepartmentofChemistry

Advisor(s):CWiebe

Co-Author(s):C.Mauws,S.Haraviford,C.R.Wiebe

ResearchArea(s):QuantumMaterials

Usingstandardsolidstatemethods,Dy2ScNbO7,amemberofanewseriesofpyrochloreoxideswassynthesized.WhiletheA-siteisoccupiedbythemagneticDy3+cation,theBsiteissplitintoamixtureofdisorderedSc3+andNb5+cations.ItappearsthatDy2ScNbO7haslowtemperaturespinicestatethatissimilartothetitanateanalogue,Dy2Ti2O7.Attemptstogrowsinglecrystalsof Dy2ScNbO7 have been successful using the floating zone image furnace. Recentcharacterizationresultswillbepresented.

PosterNumber:40

TheLn2ScNbO7Pyrochlores,IncreasingFrustrationByChargeDisorder

Presentedby:ColeMauwsMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofChemistry

Advisor(s):CWiebe

Co-Author(s):C.R.Wiebe


The rareearthpyrochloresof the formA2B2O7, area stapleof frustratedmagnetism.Due tocompeting anisotropies andexchange interactions, on a frustrated tetrahedral network, theyshowaplethoraofgroundstates.Onecommonchemicaltechniqueistosubstitute4+ions(Ti,Zr,Sn,Pt,Ge)ontheB-sitetoalterthemagnetism.Herewepreparesinglecrystalsofthe(5+,3+)chargedisorderedB-site forA=Pr,Nd,Sm,Gd,Tb,Dy.PreliminarymeasurementsshowthemagnetismpresentontheA-siteisdrasticallydifferentthanthe4+analogues

PosterNumber:41

TransportPropertiesIn1DIntegrableSystems

Presentedby:AndrewUrichukPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):JSirker

Co-Author(s):


Low dimension quantum systems have powerful restrictions on their behaviour leading tointerestingtransportpropertieslikethequantizationofelectricalconductanceinquantumwires,and large heat conductance/ spin diffusion for spin chain materials. By imposing furtherrestrictions on these low dimension quantum systems quantum integrable models appear.Thoughthenumberofrestrictionsnecessarytoconstructaquantumintegrabletheorymightsuggest that they are impossible to reproduce in the lab the extreme conditions present inexperimentalsetupsforultracoldquantumgasesoftenresultinsystemsthatarenearlyquantumintegrable. Quantum integrable models have an infinite number of local and quasi-localconservedcharges leading tomanyuniquecharacteristics.Perhapsmostnotably integrabilityallows both ballistic and diffusive transport to occur simultaneously,which is understood byidentifying some overlap of the quantity with local and quasi-local conserved charges. Thisoverlapisinterpretedasmeaningthatsomepieceofthenon-conservedquantityisprotectedduetothenon-decayoftheconservedcharge.Byexhaustingthisoverlapquantitiesthatsurviveatlongtimesmaybeidentifiedandexplicitlycomputed.Recently,ageneralizedhydrodynamicframework has been developed to the study of quantum integrable systems. Generalizedhydrodynamics somewhat mysteriously exhausts this overlap despite it apparently ignoringquasi-localcharges,whichcomplicatetransfermatrixcalculations,altogether.Amorecompleteunderstandingofthecross-overbetweenintegrableandnon-integrablequantumsystemscanbedevelopedbystudyingthenearintegrableregime.

PosterNumber:42

Dissipative1DOpenQuantumSystemsofInfiniteLength

Presentedby:MaximilianKiefer-EmmanouilidisMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):JSirker

Co-Author(s):

ResearchArea(s):QuantumMaterials,HighPerformanceComputing

Experimentalrealizationsofanyquantumsysteminvolvedissipation,meaningaperfectisolatedsystembecomesaopensystem.Progressinthisfieldofresearchiscurrentlydrivenbynumericalrenormalizationgroupalgorithmssuchasthetime-dependentDensityMatrixRenormalisationGroup (t-DMRG), and the Time Evolving Block Decimation (TEBD) on finite size systems.Unfortunately, neithermethod leads tonon-equilibrium steady states (NESS), other than thevacuum. Inordertoaddressthis,wepresentarenormalizationgroupapproachtoopenone-dimensionalquantumsystemsinthethermodynamiclimit.Weshowthatitispossiblewithouralgorithmtoreachnon-trivialNESS.Weconcludethatthemostaccessibleansatztosolveopensystems,describedbyLindbladmasterequations(LMS),isaquantumtrajectoryapproach.Withouralgorithmweanalyzeanone-dimensionalopenBose-Hubbardchainsubjectedtoweaklocalparticlelossinthethermodynamiclimit.Wetime-evolveaMottinsulatingBose-Hubbardgroundstate and simulate an electron-beam that leads to local particle loss. Our results agreewithexisting t-DMRGdata,howeverwe improved the time the systemevolvedwithoutboundaryeffectsbyafactor10.ThisimprovementallowedustoobtaintheNESSbehaviorforthedensityatthedissipativesite,thedensityprofiles,andtheentanglemententropy.Further,weshowthataweak local defect leads to fairly long-ranged correlations. This raises thequestionwhethercorrelationspossiblydecayaccordingtoapowerlawintheNESS.

PosterNumber:43

UltrasoundTransportInADisorderedPorousMedium

Presentedby:SébastienKerhervéPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):J.H.Page

Co-Author(s):S.O.Kerhervé,S.SkipetrovandJ.H.Page

ResearchArea(s):SoftandDisorderedMaterials

Investigating the propagation ofmultiply-scatteredwaves in disorderedmaterials allows thecharacterizationofheterogeneousmediaandmayrevealanomalouswaveproperties.Westudywavetransport inaporoussystemconsistingofclose-packedaluminumbeadssurroundedbylowviscositysiliconeoil.Inthissystem,ultrasonicwavesundergomanyscatteringeventswithoutsignificant dissipative losses. Thewave transport inside thismedium can bemodeled by thepropagationoftwocomponents,thefirstmainlygoingthroughtheliquidscatteringoffthebeadsand the second traveling through the network of solid beads. Using ultrasonic pulsedtransmissionexperiments,thesmallballisticsignalatshortobservationtimescanbeseparatedfrom the largemultiple scattering coda that extends over awide range of arrival times. Theballisticsignalgivesadditionalinformationaboutthefastcomponentgoingthroughtheliquidandthecodaatlongtimesabouttheslowercomponentgoingthroughthesolid.Thevalueofkl(wave vector time scattering mean free path), between 4 and 10, obtained for the fastcomponent, suggests that the liquid component can be described using the diffusionapproximation(kl>>1).Themeasurementofthetransversegrowthoftheacousticpulseatlongtimesshowsthatthesecond,slower,componenthastobestronglyrenormalized(sub-diffusive)orevenlocalized.Theresultsareinterpretedbydevelopingamodelforthecoupledpropagationof a diffusive component and a “renormalized” component that is described using the self-consistenttheoryoflocalization.

PosterNumber:44

WickingPropertiesofBrassicaFiber(CanolaWasteBiomass)inThreeDifferentGrowthStages

Presentedby:LauraSorianoUndergraduatestudentattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofBiosystemsEngineering

Advisor(s):Mashiur,Rahman

Co-Author(s):


Brassica napus plant (canola biomass) was used as raw material for fibre processing andextraction.AninvestigationwasconductedtodeterminethewickingbehaviourofBrassicanapus(B.napus)fibre.ThewickingpropertywhichisanimportantcomfortpropertyofanytextilefibrewasstudiedtoassesstheB.napusfibre’sfeasibilityforuseintextileapplications.Wickingistheprocedurebywhichthefibresinapieceofclothingdrawsweatawayfromtheskinanduptothesurfaceofthefabric,permittingthedampnesstovanishrapidly.Atestmethodwasdevelopedtodeterminethehorizontalwickingbehaviorofsinglefibre.Thewickingpropertyofsinglefibreswas also compared between the different plant growth stages from which the fibre wasextracted.TheaveragehorizontalwickingrateofB.napusfromallstageswasfoundtobe0.184mm/secwhichismuchhigherthantheindustrystandard(0.08mm/sec).Inaddition,theresultswerecomparedwithcotton,flaxandpolyesterfibres.ThehorizontalwickingofB.napusfiberwasfasterthanpolyesterbutslowerthancottonandflaxfibres.TheseresultsindicatethatB.napusfibremayhavepotentialapplicationsinthetextileindustry.

PosterNumber:45

LimitedMolybdenumSolubilityInBorosilicateGlasses?MagnesiumToTheRescue.

Presentedby:ArunKrishnamurthyPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofChemistry

Advisor(s):Dr.Kroeker

Co-Author(s):ScottKroeker


Borosilicateglassessatisfymostof therequirements fornuclearwaste immobilizationduetotheir appropriate physical and chemical properties, aswell as their compositional versatility.However,theiraffinitytowardscertainfissionproductsislowandcanresultincompromisestothematerialspropertiesifloadedabovetheirthresholdlimit.Forexample,molybdenumoxide(MoO3)hasasolubilityof~1wt%inborosilicateglasses.ThehighcationicfieldstrengthofMo(VI)exerts an ordering effect on the surrounding oxygens atoms which can induce clustering ofMoO4

2-unitsandsequestrationofalkaliandalkaline-earthionssuchasradioactive137Csand90Srfrom the glass network into water-soluble crystalline molybdate phases. Since molybdatecrystallization isdrivenbycompetitionamongstcationswithdifferentfieldstrength,wehaveexploredtheuseofhighfield-strengthMg2+asanadditivetopreferentiallycrystallizemolybdatesinto low-solubility, non-radioactive separated phases. We use NMR spectroscopy and x-raydiffraction to study the crystallization behavior of cesium borosilicate model nuclear wasteglasseswithaddedMgtoeliminatelow-durabilityalkalimolybdateformation.Furthermore,wefind that the introduction of magnesium into borosilicate glasses significantly increases theamountofmolybdenumthatcanbeincorporatedintotheglassynetwork.Multinuclearmagneticresonance is used to gain structural insights to explain these findings and to optimize thecompositionsformaximumwasteloading

PosterNumber:46

Satisfactionwithexistingclothinglabelsandneedforaclothingsafetylabel:Astudybasedonconsumersurvey

Presentedby:MarjiaKhanomMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofBiosystemsEngineering

Advisor(s):DrRahman

Co-Author(s):Dr.MashiurRahman


This research investigates consumers’willingness tohaveanewclothing safety label.Unsafeworkingenvironmentsarethemainreasonforthedeathandinjuryformillionsoftextileandapparelworkersinthedevelopingcountries.Thisissuehascometolightonlyafteradisastrousaccident.Itwasfoundthat42%and26.5%ofconsumersconsidercurrentclothinglabel‘Useful’or‘VeryUseful’andare‘Satisfied’or‘VerySatisfied’respectivelyamongtheconsumerswhoare‘Likely’(19.8%)or‘VeryLikely’(32.1%)toreadtheclothinglabels.Theparticipantsfindcurrentclothinglabels‘Often’(35.9%)or‘Always’(5.7%)provideenoughinformationwhile85%oftheparticipantsare‘Interested’or‘VeryInterested’tohaveanewclothingsafetylabel.Further,84%of the participants consider clothing safety label is ‘Important’ (41.4%) or ‘Very Important’(32.7%).OneWayANOVArevealedthatparticipantsovertheageof30aremorelikelytoreadclothing labels than under the age of 30 (F=12.3, df.F1,93, p<0.01). However, non-Canadianconsumers findcurrentclothing labelsprovideenough informationoverCanadianconsumers(F=4.01,df.F1,93,p<0.05).PearsonCorrelationrevealedthatconsumerswhoareinterestedinanewsafetylabeldonotfindtheexistingclothinglabelsuseful(r=-0.01)andarenotsatisfied(r=-0.23).Asimilartrendobservedwiththeconsumersforwhomitisimportanttoincludeanewsafetylabel(r=-0.04;r=-0.22).Thestudyconcludesthatconsumerswantanewclothingsafetylabelthatwillsavemillionsofworkersinthedevelopingcountriesfromdeathsandinjuries.

PosterNumber:47

BMSCsLadenInjectableAminodiethoxypropaneModifiedAlginatechitosanHydrogelForHyalineCartilageReconstruction

Presentedby:ReneMbeleckPostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering

Advisor(s):DrXing,DrZhong

Co-Author(s):MbeleckRene,ZhongWen,XingMalcolm


Articular cartilage degeneration and defect are caused by aging, joint disease or physical ortraumatic injuries. In addition, cartilage has a limited self-regeneration capability due to itsavascularandnoinnervationtissuenature1.Thedifficultyinregeneratingcartilageisduetotheinsufficient supplyof chondrocytesor the lossof capability to formchondrogenicmatrix2.Toaddress these concerns, one of the solutions, is the use of bioengineered tissueswhich canmaintainorrestoretissuefunctionbyreplacingthedamagedordiseasedtissues3.Inthiswork,we used the injectable hydrogels (AALG-CS hydrogels) composed of amino-diethoxypropanemodifiedalginateandchitosanasa tissue-engineering scaffold (chondrogenicdifferentiation)andasamodelforcartilageregeneration.Wefirstintroducedanamino-diethoxypropanetothealginate and formedhemiacetal groupon it. The hydrogelswere formedwhen themodifiedalginatemetwithchitosan.Thechemicalandrheologicalpropertiesoftheresultinghydrogelswere characterized. Then these AALG-CS hydrogels were investigated for chondrogenicdifferentiation by testing the growthof bonemarrowmesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) inthesehydrogelsinvitro.Thenforcartilageregeneration,arabbitcartilagedefectwasusedasmodelinvivotoinvestigateiftheBMSCsloadedhydrogelcouldpromotethehealingprocess.

References

1 J. Huckle, G. Dootson, N. Medcalf, S. McTaggart, E. Wright,A. Carter, et al. Differentiatedchondrocytesforcartilagetissueengineering,NovartisFound.Symp.,2003,249,103-112.

2H.Yamaoka,H.Asato,T.Ogasawara,S.Nishizawa,T.Takahashi,T.Nakatsuka,etal.Cartilagetissue engineering using human auricular chondrocytes embedded in different hydrogelmaterials,J.Biomed.Mater.Res.,PartA,2006,78,1-11.

3R.LangerandJ.P.Vacanti,Tissueengineering,Science,1993,260,920-926.

PosterNumber:48

RheologicalStudyOnBreadDoughPropertiesUsingAPower-LawGelModel

Presentedby:XinyangSunPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofFoodScience

Advisor(s):MartinScanlon,FilizKoksel

Co-Author(s):XinyangSun,FilizKoksel,MartinG.Scanlon,MichaelT.Nickerson


Theobjectiveofthisresearchwastoinvestigatetheinteractiveeffectsofwheatcultivar,watercontent,saltconcentration,andmixingtimeondoughrheologicalpropertiesusingapower-lawgelmodel.Theshearstoragemodulus(G')andlossmodulus(G")ofthedoughasafunctionoffrequencyweremodeledinapower-lawexpressionandthemechanicalparameters(i.e.,S',S",n'andn")werecorrelatedwithdoughstrength.Doughspreparedfromstrongerwheatcultivarsexhibited a larger S", indicating that the strength of thewheat flour doughwas significantlyaffected bywheat cultivar.With increasingwater addition, S' and S" decreased, indicating asofteningeffectofwaterondough.Comparedtono-saltdoughs,low-saltandhigh-saltdoughshadsmallerS'andS"but largern"(i.e.,greaterchangeinmoduliwithfrequency).Fordoughsmixedforvarioustimes,aninteractionbetweensaltandmixingwasobservedtoaffectS'andS",indicatingthatmixingtimemustbeconsideredwhenevaluatinghowdoughstrengthisaffectedbysalt.Comparedtooptimal-andovermixeddoughs,undermixeddoughshadsmallerS'andS",indicatingastrengtheningeffectofmixingondough.Inconclusion,wheatcultivar,water,saltand mixing time exert interactive and individual effects on dough rheological properties.Therefore,ingredientsandmixingallneedtobeconsideredwhenpreparingbreaddoughthattargetsafinalproductwithdesirablequality.

PosterNumber:49

HighlyFlexibleAndResilientElastinHybridCryogelsWithShapeMemory,Injectability,ConductivityAndMagneticResponsiveProperties

Presentedby:YuqingLiuPostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering

Advisor(s):MXing

Co-Author(s):MalcolmXing

ResearchArea(s):SoftandDisorderedMaterials,MechanicsofMaterialsandStructures,CompositeMaterialSystems

Developmentofconductingormagneticresponsivehydrogels,requireshighresilience,flexibility,injectability,responsivesensitivitiesfortheapplicationsofbiosensorsorbioelectronics.Inthiswork, an ultra-flexible elastin-peptide based hybrid (elastin-gelatin-CNT, EGC) cryogel wasfabricated as scaffold to load large amount of rigid functional components, including carbonnanotube (CNT), polypyrrole (PPY) and/or iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IONP), forcombiningexcellentconductivityormagneticresponsivepropertywithhighelasticity,flexibility,shape memory property and injectable property together. EGC loaded with dispersed PPYaggregates showed highly flexible and injectable property with a moderate conductivity.However, when PPY formed a second rigid network on this soft scaffold, the bicontinuousnetworkexhibitedanextraordinarilyhighresilienceenduring97.5%compressivestrainandanoutstanding conductivity of 50.1±2.9 S/cm at 90% strain together, as well as excellent bulkpressuresensitiveconductivity.Also,themagneticEGC–IONP-PPYcouldmergehighflexibility,conductivity and magnetic property together, showing the potential as remotely controlledrobotsorbioactuators.

PosterNumber:50

Skin-InspiredMultifunctionalAutonomic-IntrinsicConductiveSelf-HealingHydrogelsWithPressureSensitivity,Ultra-StretchabilityAnd3DPrintability

Presentedby:MohammadAliDarabiPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering

Advisor(s):MalcolmXing

Co-Author(s):MohammadAliDarabi,AliKhosrozadeh,ReneMbeleck,YuqingLiu,QiangChang,JunziJiang,JunCai,QuanWang,MalcolmXing

ResearchArea(s):SoftandDisorderedMaterials,MechanicsofMaterialsandStructures,CompositeMaterialSystems

The advent of conductive self-healing (CSH) hydrogels, a class of novel materials mimickinghuman skin, can change the trajectory of the industrial process owing to their tremendousprospectiveofapplicationsinsoftrobots,biomimeticprosthesesandhealthmonitoringsystems.Developedhereinisamechanicallyandelectricallyself-healinghydrogelbasedonphysicallyandchemically cross-linked networks. The autonomous intrinsic self-healing of the hydrogel wasattainedthroughdynamicionicinteractionsbetweencarboxylicgroupsofpolyacrylicacidandferricions.Acovalentcross-linkingisemployedtosupportmechanicalstructureofthehydrogel.Establishinga fairbalancebetween the chemical andphysical crosslinkingnetworks togetherwiththeconductivenanostructureofpolypyrrolenetworksledtoadoublenetworkhydrogelwith bulk conductivity, mechanical and electrical self-healing properties (100% mechanicalrecoveryin2min),ultra-stretchability(1500%)andpressuresensitivity.ThepracticalpotentialofCSHhydrogelswasfurtherrevealedbytheirapplicationinhumanmotiondetectionandtheir3Dprintingperformance.

PosterNumber:51

UltrasonicMicrofluidicActuationWithSecondaryBjerknesForcesOnBubbles

Presentedby:MaximeLanoyPostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):JHPage

Co-Author(s):ArnaudTourin,CarolineDerec,ValentinLeroy

ResearchArea(s):SoftandDisorderedMaterials,SurfacesandInterfaces,PhotonicandPhononicInteractions,MEMS/MicrofluidicSystems

Inthelastdecade,thedevelopmentofmicrofluidicshasmotivatedthesearchofnewactorsthatcouldhelphandlingsmallobjectsinlaminarflows.Combiningvariousforcefieldshasprovedtobeagoodstrategyinclassicalissuessuchasparticlesdetectionandsorting,dropcoalescence,mixing,etc.Intheareaofphysicalacoustics,theBjerknesforce,thatoccurswhenanimmersedcompressiblemedium undergoes a pressure fluctuation, appears as a potential nominee formicrofluidicactuation.

Inthisposter,wepresentanoriginalexperimentthatallowsustofollowthetrajectoryofafreebubbleattractedorrepeledbyafixedbubble,undertheactionofanexternalacousticfield.Therole of the frequency of the acoustic excitation and the radii of the bubbles will be will bediscussedindetails.

Finally, we tackle a critical configuration and report an evidence of coupling via multiplescatteringbetweenbothbubbles.

PosterNumber:52

BubblesInNoodleDough:CharacterizationByX-RayMicrotomography

Presentedby:Reine-MarieGuillermicPostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy

Advisor(s):J.H.Page,M.G.Scanlon

Co-Author(s):R.-M.Guillermic,F.Koksel,X.Sun,D.W.Hatcher,J.H.Page,M.G.Scanlon

ResearchArea(s):SoftandDisorderedMaterials,ComplexNaturalSystems

Bubblesarefoundinahugevarietyoffoodproducts(bread,icecream,etc…)andareknowntobringappreciatedtexture,mouthfeelandtaste.Despitetheirimportantroleinfoodproperties,thepossiblepresenceofbubblesinAsiannoodledoughhasneverbeeninvestigatedsofar.WeconductedaseriesofX-RaytomographyexperimentsattheCanadianLightSource(Saskatoon,SK)ontwotypesofnoodledoughsheets:manufacturedwithoneortenlaminationsteps,thedoughbeingrotated90°betweeneachstep.WithX-Raymicrotomographydata,itispossibletodetectsmallbubblesandcharacterizetheirsizeandorientation.Weshowconclusivelyforthefirsttimeinthisstudythatnoodledoughactuallycontainsairinclusionsandthatthebubblesizedistributionandvolumefractiondependonthemanufacturingprocess(numberoflaminations).Thevolumefractionofairentrappedinthedoughishigherforthemostlaminateddough(ϕ=1.3%for10laminationsvsϕ=0.9%for1lamination)whilethebubblesaresignificantlysmaller(<r>~20µmvs24µm), showing that lamination is oneof themechanisms leading tobubbleentrapmentandbreak-up.Bubblesarealsofoundtobeflat,moreconcentratedinthecenterofsheet (in depth), and elongated in the sheeting direction. The characterization of bubbles innoodledoughwillbecontinuedwithultrasonicexperimentsinthenearfuture.

PosterNumber:53

GrainBoundaryStructuralPhaseTransitionUnderMechanicalLoadingInCu

Presentedby:MohammadAramfardMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering

Advisor(s):Dr.Deng

Co-Author(s):ChuangDeng

ResearchArea(s):SurfacesandInterfaces,CrystallineMaterialsandNanostructures

Grain boundary structural transition has prominent influence on many properties ofpolycrystallinematerialsspeciallyinnanocrystallinemetals.Whilestructuralandphasetransitionin multi-component systems is common and phase diagrams are available for many alloysystems,reportsonphasetransitioninsingle-componentsystemsspeciallyat lowdimensionssuchasgrainboundaryarerareduetoexperimentalchallenges.Phasetransformationingrainboundariesand itsunderlyingmechanismsthereforeremainunclearandarenotwellstudieduntilafewrecentattemptsbasedonatomisticsimulations.

In this talk, we report systematic study on phase transitions of a few types of high-anglesymmetrictiltgrainboundariesbasedonmoleculardynamicssimulationsbyusingCuasamodelsystem.Thefocuswastoinvestigatethepossibleinfluencesoftwotypesofloading,i.e.creepand fatigue, on grain boundary structural transition. One potential application of the grainboundarystructuraltransitiononcrackhealingisalsodemonstrated,whichisfacilitatedbyshearcoupledgrainboundarymotion.

PosterNumber:54

PolyanilineNanoflowersGrownOnPolymerNanofibersForFlexibleSupercapacitorsWithProlongedCyclicLife

Presentedby:AliKhosrozadehPhDCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering

Advisor(s):MXing

Co-Author(s):M.Xing

ResearchArea(s):SurfacesandInterfaces,SurfacesandInterfaces

Polyaniline isapopularpseudocapacitiveelectrodematerial thatexhibitsgreatercapacitanceandenergydensitythanelectricaldouble-layersupercapacitors.However,thebrittlenatureandpoorcyclicstabilityofpolyanilinehinderitspracticalapplicationsasafreestandingelectrodeforsupercapacitors.Itisexpectedthatthestressinducedbyrepeatedvolumechangeofpolyanilineduring cycling is alleviated using polyurethane nanofibers as polyaniline support mimickingmechanicalvibration isolators.A flexibleelectrode for supercapacitorswith remarkablecyclicstability is developed by using carbon nanotube-reinforced electrospun polyurethane as acushionysupportfordepositionofpolyaniline.Theinsitupolymerizationofanilineiscontrolledsuchthat flower-likepolyaniline isgrownon individualpolyurethanenanofibersresulting inaporousmembranewithhighsurfaceareaandadjustablemassloadingofpolyanilinebyrepeatingthe coating process. In contrast to the continuous degradation of pure polyanilineelectrodepositedoncarboncloth,thecurrentdesignexhibitsanexcellentcapacitanceretentionof 93% after 10000 cycles of charge-discharge. The cushiony effect of polyurethane and thestrongaffinitybetweengrownpolyanilineandpolyurethanenanofibersaswellasbufferspacesbetweennanofibers,whichaccommodatethevolumeexpansionofpolyanilinenanoflowers,allleadtothestructuralstabilityofpolyanilineduringcycling.Thefacilestrategytoattainastableand flexible polymer electrode could open up new opportunities for flexible and wearablepseudocapacitors.

PosterNumber:55

ElectrochemicalReductionOfCO2FacilitatedByBenzannulatedDihydropyridineAdditives

Presentedby:PatrickGiesbrechtMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofChemistry

Advisor(s):DHerbert

Co-Author(s):PatrickK.Giesbrecht;DavidE.Herbert

ResearchArea(s):SurfacesandInterfaces

Dihydropyridines(DHPs)havebeenpostulatedasactiveintermediatesinthepyridine-mediatedelectrochemicalconversionofCO2tomethanol;however,theabilityofisolatedDHPstofacilitatemethanolproductioninafashionsimilartothatoftheirparentaromaticN-heterocycles(ANHs)has not been tested. Here, we use bulk electrolysis to show that 1,2- and 1,4-DHPs (1,2-dihydrophenanthridineand9,10-dihydroacridine)canmediatetheelectrochemicalreductionofCO2tomethanolandformatewithFaradaicefficienciessimilar tothoseof thecorrespondingANHsatPtelectrodes.1,2-DihydrophenanthridinefurthermoreexhibitsimprovedCO2reductionactivitycomparedtoitsparentANH(phenanthridine)atglassycarbonelectrodes.Theseresultsprovide the first experimental evidence for the participation of DHPs as additives inelectrochemicalCO2reduction.

PosterNumber:56

X-RayPhotoelectronSpectroscopyCharacterizationOfThreeLithium-BasedGlassCeramics

Presentedby:MunaBebshMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofOralBiology

Advisor(s):RFrança

Co-Author(s):CristinaFiuza,RodrigoFrança


Objective:Adeeperunderstandingofthemechanicalbehaviourofdentalrestorationmaterialsrequiresaninsightintothematerialsphysicochemicalcomposition.Theaimofthisstudywastoevaluateandcomparethephysicochemicalcompositionofthreedifferent lithium-basedglassceramicsusedtofabricatedentalrestorationsatdifferentnanoleveldepthsofthesurface(0nm,20nm,100nm).Theirbulkcompositionswerealsoevaluated.

Method:Threelithium-basedglassceramics:IPSe.max®CAD(Ivoclar-Vivadent,Liechtenstein,Schaan),VitaSuprinity®(VitaZahnfabrik,BadSäckingen,Germany)andCeltraDuo®(Dentsply,Hanau-Wolfgang,Germany)wereselectedinthisstudy(n=6).ForthesurfaceanalysesaX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(XPS)wasusedwithaX-raygunemissionsetto15mAandanX-raygunanodeHTsetto15kVwithpowersetting225W.Laser-AblationinductivelycoupledPlasmaMassSpectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)wereusedforbulkphysicochemicalcompositionanalysis.

Result: Themost significantdifferentbetween three lithium-basedGlass ceramicmaterials islithium(Li)concentration,atthesurface:IPSe.max®CAD4.9%(±0.4),VitaSuprinity®PC11.5%(± 0.8) and Celtra Duo® 13.7% (± 0.6). However, in the bulk the lithium percentages haveincreased:IPSe.max®CAD11.4%(±3.4),VitaSuprinity®PC17.5%(±6.9)andCeltraDuo®17.8%(±8.1).

Conclusion:XPSshowedamajordifferencebetweenbulkandthesurfacechemicalcompositionforallthetestedceramics.

Keywords:Lithiumbasedceramics,physicochemicalcomposition

PosterNumber:57

MorphologicalStudyOfCattailFiber

Presentedby:KoushikChakmaMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofBiosystemsEngineering

Advisor(s):MRahman,NCicek

Co-Author(s):Dr.Cicek,Dr.Rahman


Aninvestigationhasbeenconductedtofindoutthemorphologicalstructureofcattailfibre.Bastfibersuchasflax,hempandjuteareextractedfromtheouterlayer(Epidermis)oftheplants.Asaresult,theyield(%)ofthesefibersrangesbetween10to20%only,whereascurrentresearchon cattail plant was found that when treating in alkaline solutions, whole cattail planttransformedintofiberandtheyield(%)ofcattail fiberwasfoundtobeashighas40to60%dependingontheextractiontemperatureandtime.

Thescanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)micrographyrevealthatthecattailfiberslieinsidetheepidermislayer.Theareasoftheplantandfibersectionswasfoundtobe38.5mm2and20.1mm2respectivelyandtheratiooffibertoplantareais52.0%whichiswithintherangeoffiberyield (%). It appears that each fiber comprised of numerous cells (≈55 in 740µm2, 4.5 – 6.0µm2/cell)whichareellipticalinshapeandthedistancebetweeneachcellisabout0.70µm.Eachcell has lumen and the size of the lumen varies which was as high as 1.03 µm. From themorphologicalstudies, it isconcludedthatthecattail fibercouldbeusedforbothtextileandbiomedicalapplications.

PosterNumber:58

SHArKNorth:InvestigationOfMetalOxidesAsWaterOxidationCatalysts

Presentedby:SHArKNorthDanielMcIntyreCollegiateInstituteandGrantParkHighSchool

Advisor(s):

Co-Author(s):GyeongwonLee,RenmarPalma,KurtSanJose,NicolasPausing,NicklausMaligaya

ResearchArea(s):SurfacesandInterfaces,CompositeMaterialSystems

SHArKNorthisanoutreachprogramhereattheUniversityofManitoba,inassociationwithCCISolar, where high-school students (from DMCI and Grant Park) develop research skills andexplore new photoelectrode materials for artificial photosynthesis. In particular, studentsinvestigatetheapplicationofternarymixedmetaloxidesasphotoelectrodesforwateroxidation,selecting fromahostof lightabsorbing, structuralandchargecompensatingmetal salts.Thiswork presents the findings of the 2016-2017 SHArK North team, with an iron-molybdenum-bariummixtureprovidingthebestactivitytowardswateroxidationoutofthemixturestested.

PosterNumber:59


Presentedby:SridharMajetyMScCandidateattheUniversityofManitoba,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering

Advisor(s):D.R.Oliver

Co-Author(s):DerekR.Oliver

ResearchArea(s):SurfacesandInterfaces,CrystallineMaterialsandNanostructures

Siliconmicrowiresfabricatedusingbottom-upvapor-liquid-solidprocessarecriticalcomponentforsolarfuelsgeneration.TheinfluenceofSiCl4flowrateonthegrowthrate,doping,resistivityandmorphologyofmicrowireshasbeeninvestigated.Thegrowthrate,microwireresistivityanddopingconcentrationsarestudiedatdifferentflowratesofSiCl4(10sccm,5sccm,3sccm,1sccm).Scanningelectronmicroscopywasused tostudy thesidewall facetmorphologyof themicrowires.ThegrowthratevariationsareinagreementwiththeobservationsofShepherdetal.,rangingfrom7.5μm/minat10sccmto0.15μm/minat1sccm.Electrical,two-pointprobemeasurements,usingadirect-contacttechniqueinvolvingtungstenprobescontrolledbypiezoactuated micromanipulators, formed ohmic contacts with the microwires. The dopingconcentrations show an exponential dependence on the flow rate. It was verified that thesidewallmorphologychangeswhentheflowrateofSiCl4ischangedduringgrowth.Thenumberofsidewallfacetschangesfrom12to6facetwhentheflowrateisshiftedfrom10sccmto1sccmandrevertsto12,whenSiCl4flowraterevertbackto10sccm.Thesetransitionswereobservedduring growth of a singlewire. The density of the fine bandmorphologies observed on thesidewallsincreaseswithdecreasingtheflowrates.ThisisattributedtotheincreasedinfluenceoffluctuationsintheSiCl4flowrateasitisdecreased.

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