Manifest Destiny

From Sea to Sea

The Louisiana Purchase 1803

• Louisiana Purchase– Thomas Jefferson only wanted the

port of New Orleans and was going to offer $7.5 million dollars.

– Napoleon Bonaparte had no need for Louisiana and was afraid that he might loose it to the British so he decided to sell the whole thing for 15 million.

– Many didn’t want to purchase it because they did not have the money and how would they govern it?

Louisiana Purchase 1803

Florida 1804

• Thomas Jefferson wanted to set out and acquire or get Florida who was owned by Spain at the time.

• There were many Seminole Indians, traders and runaway slaves that lived in the area.

• Jefferson sent two delegates to see if they could buy Florida but Spain said NO DEAL!

• Problems with the border.

Florida 1804

• Problems with Florida– Slaves runaway to get away from

slave owners.– Some slaves were accepted by

Seminole Indians.– Seminole Indians raided white

landowners in Georgia.– Spain was lacking their

responsibility.– Thomas Jefferson sent Andrew

Jackson to stop Indian raids.

Andrew Jacksonhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=R7O_QNw7vpc

•Called “Old Hickory”•Lawyer, Politician, Statesman•Did not like Native Americans sometimes called Indian Killer•Democrat•Had a hot temper and would get into duels•Battle of the Alamo•Involved in the Indian Removal Act•Suffered from smallpox, gunshot wound, Malaria.

Andrew Jackson

• Andrew Jackson was ordered that he could chase Indians back into Florida (that was owned by Spain) but could not go into Spain to chase them.

• Instead Jackson marched 1,700 troops into Florida. Where he captured forts, killed British officers and replaced the Spanish Governor.

Florida 1804

• Govern or Get Out– In 1819 Spain gave up Florida to the United States

and the Untied States agreed to pay off $5 million dollars in setters claims.

– Untied States also agreed to honor Spain's lifelong claim to Texas.

War of 1812

Major events leading to The War of 1812.

• Britain and France were at war with each other.– US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was seized. – Britain required licenses for ships bound for Europe– France confiscated cargo from licensed ships– British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American ships

and had them rejoin the British Navy

Change of Presidency

• Jefferson did not want to run for a 3rd term• Madison was Jefferson’s Secretary of State• Also the shortest President

What were some of the benefits of going to war with Britain?

• To allow reopening of trade• National Pride• To stop the impressment of sailors

What were some drawbacks to going to war?

• Not everyone in the US wanted to go to war• Military was small

– Standing Army was small– Militia comprised most of our forces, and they did not like

to fight outside of their state borders– Navy was quite small only 22 ships

• Britain was a great Superpower and could crush us like a bug and we could lose territory that was gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase

The Roof is on Fire…

• In August 1814, British Forces Sailed into Chesapeake Bay and capture Washington D.C.

• They burn the White House and the Capitol

• Madison and Congress Barely escape

Oh Say Can You See…• Unlike D.C., Baltimore was

Ready for the British• The City militia inflicted heavy

casualties on the British• After bombarding Fort

McHenry on September 13, 1814 The British abandon the attack

• Francis Scott Key witnessed the bombardment and penned a poem which becomes the National Anthem.

Battle of New Orleans

• Fought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified)

• Why was New Orleans important?

• Pirates and Frontiersman fought alongside US troops

• Made Andrew Jackson a National hero and household name

• Ensured treaty ratification

Treaty of Ghent

• Treaty was Negotiated in Europe and was signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1812

• The War ended in a stalemate, where no party gained or lost any territory.

• The issue of impressment was not addressed, but faded on its own.

If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it important?

• Gave the United States a National Identity– We were able to hold our own against the British– Started us thinking about continuing westward

expansion– Ended bad feelings toward the British

• Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the Western Frontiersmen

War of 1812• Twenty-nine years after the end of the American Revolution, conflict

between Great Britain and the young United States flared up again. The War of 1812 broke out for a variety of reasons, including Britain’s seizure of American ships, impressment of American sailors into the British navy and restriction of trade between the United States and France. In June 1812 James Madison became the first U.S. president to ask Congress to declare war. Fought in three theaters, the conflict ended with the Treaty of Ghent in 1815. In one of its most memorable episodes, as British troops entered the capital to burn the White House and other government buildings, first lady Dolley Madison refused to evacuate the White House until a portrait of George Washington was rescued. The lyrics of “The Star-Spangled Banner,” the U.S. national anthem, are another important legacy of the War of 1812. They were penned by the amateur poet Francis Scott Key after he watched American forces withstand the British siege of Fort McHenry.

Star Spangled Banner• O! say can you see by the dawn's early light,

What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming,Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;O! say does that star-spangled banner yet wave,O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

On the shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep,Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:'Tis the star-spangled banner, O! long may it waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.

Texas

Texas

• Reason we want Texas– Much was suited for growing cotton.

Texas

• Mexico declares independence from Spain and becomes its own country.

• A man by the name of Stephen Austin wanted to start his own colony which Mexico agreed with except with a few rules.

Texas

• The Rules– The settlers had to be hardworking– Promised to become Mexican citizens– Learn to Speak their language– Join the Catholic Church

• Austin agreed to those terms and brought in 297 families also known as the “Old Three Hundred.”

Texas 1830

• The settlement became very popular.– Why did it gain so much popularity?

• In 1830 there were 25,000 Americans in Texas compared to only 4,000 Tejanos or people from Mexican decent.

Problems arise in Texas 1830American Side

• Americans were use to governing themselves• They were upset on how all documents has to

be in Spanish writing• Most were unwilling to learn the language• Many plantation owners were upset the

Mexican government outlawed slavery in 1829

Problems arise in Texas 1830Mexican Side

• Many Mexicans were upset how Americans came to Mexico illegally

• Americans showed little respect for Mexican culture• Americans had no intention of becoming Mexican

Citizens• So Mexico responded by closing Texas so no more

Americans could not immigrate into Texas.• Mexican government sent troops to the boarder to

enforce immigration laws.

Alamo

• The first battle between the Texans and Mexicans took place at an old mission that was used as a fort.

• It was called the Alamo.

The Alamo

The Fight for the Alamo

• There were only 183 Texans guarding the Alamo.• The Mexican army had 1,800 men.• The Texans held the Alamo for twelve days.• On the thirteenth day, Santa Anna ordered his men to

storm the fortress.• When it was over, all but five Texans were dead. The

men not killed in the battle were executed by Santa Anna.

• Texans were shocked by the slaughter at the Alamo and vowed to fight for their freedom.

The Alamo

Oregon

• Four Countries Claimed Oregon– Russia, Spain, Great Britain, and the United States

• Spain dropped out first they gave up their claim when they gave up Florida

• Russia dropped next and only claimed the territory that lay north of the 54, 40 parallel.

• Who is left?

Oregon

• United States and Great Britain– When Lewis and Clark led a small band of

explorers to Oregon’s coast.– People wanted to come because

• To convert Native Americans• Towering forests• Little to no disease was found.

– We get half of the Oregon Country

Oregon Map

Mexican American War • Sam Houston the commander of the

Texas Revolutionary Army knew Texans rage.

• Sam Houston’s hope was to retreat eastward to distance Santa Anna so it would become harder for him to supply his army.

• Many hated his idea but it was an amazing plan.

• Santa Anna caught up with Sam Houston.

• The Texan Army’s war cry was “Remember the Alamo”

Lone Star Republic

• In 1836, Texas declared itself The Lone Star Republic.

• Sam Houston was elected president.

• Some Americans wanted Texas to be part of the U.S.

• Some people were afraid of Texas becoming a slave state, others of war with Mexico.

• Both would eventually happen.

Annex Texas

• Many Americans wanted Texas to become a part of the United States

• Instead it stayed an Independent State for 10 years.

• Problems with slavery and war with Mexico• We did annex Texas after those 10 years and

we did go to war with Mexico

California

• Annex of Texas brings war.• Mexico and their forces fire on the United

States at the Rio Grande• Americans lost 16 men.• President Polk declares war on Mexico• Long story short….America and Mexico fight a

very bloody battle and America prevails.

California’s Importance

• Due to the Mexican American War we receive states such as…– California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico,

and parts of Colorado, and Wyoming– United States pays 15 million dollars to Mexico for

the land.– Excellent growing seasons for crops– Gold becomes very important – Fulfills Manifest Destiny.