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1 Crocodiles, Snakes, and Mangrove Forests Written by: Lara Colley, Grace Howell, Martha Monroe, and Eleanor Sommer School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida 2009 (rev. 2012)

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Page 1: mangrove story final - School of Forest Resources ...4" " " "" "" This"was"the"family’s"second"attempt"at"taking"a"vacationto" Everglades"National"Park."The"first"time"theirplanswereupsetbya"

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 Crocodiles,  Snakes,  and  Mangrove  

Forests      

       

Written  by:    Lara  Colley,  Grace  Howell,  Martha  Monroe,  and  Eleanor  Sommer  

School  of  Forest  Resources  and  Conservation  University  of  Florida  2009  (rev.  2012)  

             

       

 

 

 

 

 

       

 

 

                                       

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   This  story  was  written  for  Junior  4-­‐H  youth  in  Florida  to  study  the  

Mangrove  Forest  ecosystem  for  the      Annual  Forest  Ecology  Contest.  

     This  story  may  be  re-­‐printed  and  used  for  educational  purposed  but  cannot  be  sold  for  profit.  Please  cite  as:     Colley,  Lara;  Howell,  Grace  and  Sommer,  Eleanor  (2009)  Crocodiles,         snakes  and  mangrove  forests.  University  of  Florida,  School  of  Forest           Resources  and  Conservation.    

http://www.sfrc.ufl.edu/extension/4h/contest_home.html  

 

Contents  The  Trip  Begins  ..........................................................................................................  3  Danger  on  the  White  Boardwalk  ........................................................................  6  Breathing  Trees  ..........................................................................................................  9  Fascinating  Forests  ................................................................................................  12  Don’t  Dip  the  Canoe!  .............................................................................................  18  Places  to  see  mangrove  forests  in  Florida:  ..................................................  23  Tree  and  Plant  List  .................................................................................................  23  Links  to  learn  more:  ..............................................................................................  24    

                     

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The  Trip  Begins       SAM  SQUIRMED  IN  THE  BACKSEAT  of  his  grandmother’s  mini-­‐van.  “Are  we  there  yet?”  he  asked.  Sam,  his  sister  Sophie  and  their  mom  and  grandmother  were  headed  south  to  the  Florida  Everglades  for  a  camping  trip.  For  Sam,  the  drive  seemed  to  go  on  forever  as  they  passed  one  strip  mall  after  another.  It  looked  like  Anywhere,  Florida,  and  he  was  more  than  bored.       “We’re  getting  closer,”  Grandma  Betty  answered.  “I  think  it  will  be  worth  the  drive.”     While  Sam  yawned  and  fidgeted,  Sophie  spent  her  time  imagining  the  upcoming  adventure.       “So  what  exactly  is  a  mangrove  forest?  Will  we  see  animals?  Can  we  walk  on  the  beach?”  she  asked  her  mom,  who  was  looking  through  a  guidebook  while  Grandma  drove.     “Well,  according  to  this  brochure,  the  park  has  plenty  of  wildlife,  including  snakes  and  crocodiles,”  her  mother  Jean  said.  That  got  Sam’s  attention.       “Mom,  did  you  say  snakes  and  CROCODILES?  Maybe  this  vacation  won’t  be  so  lame  after  all!”     “But  that  doesn’t  mean  you’ll  see  them.  Some  wild  animals  like  to  keep  away  from  people.  And  I’m  not  exactly  sure  about  the  beach,  Sophie”  she  admitted  as  she  looked  through  more  information.     “Mom,  I  have  to  see  a  crocodile,”  Sam  said.  My  science  report  is  on  reptiles,  and  if  I  really,  really  see  one,  I  can  take  a  picture  and  it  can  be  part  of  my  report.”  Sam  had  no  idea  what  future  had  in  store  for  him.  This  trip  was  going  to  be  cooler  than  he  could  possibly  imagine.    

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          This  was  the  family’s  second  attempt  at  taking  a  vacation  to  Everglades  National  Park.  The  first  time  their  plans  were  upset  by  a  hurricane,  but  they  were  finally  on  their  way,  even  though  it  was  a  long  way.       Sam  and  Sophie  had  never  been  on  a  camping  trip,  but  their  mom  and  grandmother  were  experienced  campers,  although  it  had  been  a  long  time  since  they  had  been  camping.  Preparations  took  several  days  and  included  airing  out  Grandma’s  old  tent  and  sleeping  bags,  borrowing  some  extra  sleeping  bags,  and  packing  food  in  coolers  and  containers.  Grandma  even  found  her  old  lantern  and  cook  stove  in  the  attic.  Sam  and  Sophie  thought  both  looked  like  stuff  from  a  junk  shop.  But  Grandma  was  smiling.     “We’re  going  to  have  some  adventures  for  sure,”  she  said.    

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  “Wow  this  looks  so  different  from  home.  It’s  so,  well  .  .  .  flat,”  said  Sophie  who  was  used  to  the  big  live  oaks  bending  over  the  road  in  the  rolling  hills  of  their  hometown  near  Tallahassee.    “Sure,  it’s  flat,”  responded  her  mom.  Having  grown  up  in  south  Florida,  Jean  found  the  landscape  comfortable.  “There  may  not  be  many  huge  oaks  down  here,  but  aren’t  those  cabbage  palms  beautiful?”  she  asked.  And  soon  we’ll  start  to  see  the  gumbo-­‐limbo  trees  as  we  get  closer  to  the  Everglades.  Just  a  couple  more  hours  to  go!”     Sam  groaned.       “This  better  be  good,”  he  thought  to  himself  as  he  shifted  his  position  for  about  the  twentieth  time.  Soon  he  dozed  off  and  dreamed  that  he  was  swimming  with  a  huge  crocodile.                                                            

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Danger  on  the  White  Boardwalk       HE  WOKE  UP  SUDDENLY  because  Sophie  was  shaking  him.     “Hey!  What  are  you  doing?”  he  said  as  he  brushed  her  away.     “We’re  driving  into  the  entrance  of  the  park.  And  besides  you  were  flopping  your  arms  around  in  your  sleep  and  almost  hit  me.”     “Sorry,  Soph.  So  we’ve  finally  arrived.  Good.  I’m  so  tired  of  being  in  this  car!”     Grandma  Betty  had  pulled  off  the  entrance  road  and  parked  near  the  check-­‐in  kiosk.  They  got  out  to  stretch  their  legs,  while  Jean  walked  over  to  talk  with  the  ranger  about  camping  arrangements.  Sophie  followed  her  mom  over  to  the  registration  counter.     “Hi!  My  name’s  Sophie  and  we’re  camping  for  three  nights,  and  we  came  to  see  the  mangrove  forest  and  all  the  animals.”     “Well,  nice  to  meet  you  Sophie.  My  name  is  Henry,  and  you’ll  probably  want  this  map  of  the  trails.  Both  of  these  trails  take  you  through  mangroves,  and  the  park  naturalist  will  be  giving  a  guided  hike  at  10:30  tomorrow  morning”  he  said.     “Good,  that  will  give  us  some  time  to  explore  on  our  own  and  then  someone  can  answer  all  of  our  questions  about  the  mangroves!”  chimed  in  Grandma  Betty,  who  had  also  wandered  over  to  the  counter.     “Just  let  us  know  if  you  need  anything.  Otherwise  enjoy  your  stay,  and  don’t  forget  about  the  hike  in  the  morning,”  Henry  said  as  they  drove  off  down  the  curving  park  road  looking  for  their  campsite.  After  Sophie  and  Sam  had  helped  put  up  the  tent,  they  asked  if  they  could  go  exploring.       “You  all  go  ahead,”  said  Jean  to  Grandma  and  the  twins.  “I’ll  get  things  organized  for  dinner.”       “When  we  drove  in,  I  saw  a  sign  that  read  ‘boardwalk’  with  an  arrow  pointing  that  way.”  Sam  pointed  up  ahead  and  to  the  left.       “OK,  then,”  Grandma  said,  “Let’s  go!”  They  headed  down  a  short  trail  that  took  them  to  the  boardwalk.  The  trail  was  shady  with  a  dense  canopy  of  strange  trees  with  shiny,  peeling,  dark  red  bark.  

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  “I  wonder  what  these  trees  are!  Aren’t  they  cool?”  exclaimed  Sam.     “Look  over  there,”  said  Grandma,  “there’s  a  sign  by  that  tree.”     Sophie  and  Sam  ran  over  to  investigate.       “Gumbo-­‐limbo,”  Sophie  read.       “Wow,  these  are  the  trees  that  mom  was  telling  us  about!”  said  Sam.    “We’ll  have  to  bring  her  down  here  later  and  show  her.”     The  shady  trail  ended  and  they  headed  onto  the  boardwalk  in  the  blazing  afternoon  sun.       “Check  out  that  sign,”  Sam  cried.  “Snakes  and  crocodiles!  Yes,  this  is  way  cool.”     “Wait  a  minute,”  Sophie  said.  “How  can  they  live  in  salt  water?”       “The  water  here  is  brackish,”  said  Grandma  Betty.  “Do  y’all  know  what  that  means?”     “Yeah,  sure.  We  learned  that  in  school.  It’s  a  mix  of  fresh  and  saltwater,”  Sam  said.     “That’s  right.  The  fresh  water  dilutes  the  salt  water  so  it’s  easier  for  the  snakes  to  tolerate.  Crocodiles  live  in  the  saltwater,  anyway,”  explained  Grandma  Betty.     Despite  Sam’s  constant  watchful  eye,  they  did  not  see  any  crocodiles.  There  was  a  warm,  salty  breeze  and  the  sounds  of  birds  in  the  distance.       For  a  while  the  trio  walked  along  quietly  listening  and  looking,  and  then  suddenly  Sophie  broke  the  silence.    

  “Whoa,  look  at  all  the  poop!  It’s  everywhere!”       The  boardwalk  was  covered  with  white  poop.  They  had  come  upon  the  edge  of  the  park’s  rookery,  where  birds  came  to  nest  and  raise  their  young.        

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  Before  anyone  could  say  a  word,  a  brown  pelican  flapped  its  huge  wings  and  took  off  right  over  their  heads,  which  turned  out  badly  for  Sam.    

      “Ewww!”  cried  Sophie,  “you  got  pooped  on,  Sam!!!  Gross,  it’s  in  your  hair  and  your  shirt.  Ughh!”     Oh  Sam,”  Grandma  Betty  tried  to  conceal  her  amusement,  but  couldn’t  stop  herself  from  breaking  into  laughter.  “It’s  everywhere  and  oh  my,  it  smells.  Let  me  see  if  I  can  find  something  to  clean  you  off  with.”     Grandma  Betty  and  Sophie  searched  along  the  boardwalk’s  edge  for  something  to  clean  off  the  poop.  Sam  meanwhile  stood  still  so  the  poop  wouldn’t  drip.       “How  about  these  sweet  bay  leaves?  They’re  big  and  have  a  nice  smell,”  Grandma  Betty  chuckled.       They  all  began  laughing  as  they  wiped  off  the  bird  poop  with  the  bright  green  leaves.  Once  that  task  was  accomplished,  they  continued  their  stroll  down  the  boardwalk.  

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Breathing  Trees       SOPHIE  RAN  AHEAD  and  came  back  with  disappointment  on  her  face.       “The  end  of  the  boardwalk  is  just  around  that  corner,  and  then  it’s  just  water.  But,  Grandma,  I  don’t  see  any  forest.  The  trees  are  so  scrawny  and  short.”     “But  that  is  the  mangrove  forest,”  she  explained.  “And  those  are  the  mangrove  trees.  They  don’t  get  tall  like  pine  trees  or  oaks.  They  grow  where  the  land  meets  the  ocean,  along  tidal  creeks  and  bays.    They  had  come  to  the  end  of  the  boardwalk  and  stood  looking  at  the  glistening  Gulf.     “Look,  this  sign  tells  us  there  are  several  types  of  mangrove  trees.  Let’s  see  if  we  can  find  them  all.”     “I  just  never  thought  the  trees  would  be  so  little,”  said  Sophie.       “Well,”  Sam  said,  “you’d  would  be  short  too  if  you  had  to  live  where  hurricanes  and  waves  kept  knocking  you  around!”  Grandma  looked  around  at  the  island  that  supported  the  mangroves.     “OK,  white  mangrove  trees  and  buttonwood  trees  grow  at  the  edge  of  the  tidewater.  Can  you  figure  out  which  tree  is  which?”  she  challenged  Sam  and  Sophie.  

 

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  At  another  turn  in  the  boardwalk,  they  came  upon  a  sign  for  a  different  type  of  mangrove.     “Look  at  the  legs  on  that  tree!”  exclaimed  Sam.       “They  look  like  fingers,”  said  Sophie.       Sam  read  the  next  sign.  “Red  mangrove  trees  have  aerial  prop  roots  that  grow  from  the  trunk  and  lower  branches.  Since  the  tree  stands  in  tidal  water  for  most  of  the  day,  these  roots  help  the  tree  take  in  oxygen.  Black  mangrove  trees  sprout  thin,  pencil-­‐like  breathing  tubes  called  pneumatophores,  around  the  trunk.”     “I  see  a  black  mangrove,”  cried  Sophie.  “There  are  the  breathing  tubes!”  

    “How  do  the  animals  that  live  here  get  from  place  to  place?”  asked  Sophie.  “The  branches  and  roots  are  so  tangled,  nothing  could  get  through!”     Just  then  a  snowy  egret  lifted  off  from  the  water  and  landed  in  the  top  of  a  white  mangrove  tree.       “Maybe  the  animals  use  the  tree  tops,  Sophie!”  suggested  Sam.     “After  all,  this  is  a  different  kind  of  forest.  I  don’t  think  a  bear  could  live  here,”  he  added.  

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    All  of  a  sudden  they  heard  a  splash.       “Not  just  the  tree  tops,”  said  Sophie.  “There’s  fish  in  the  water!”     “I  can’t  see  a  thing  in  this  dark  water,”  complained  Sam  as  he  peered  over  the  edge  of  the  boardwalk,  still  hoping  to  catch  a  glimpse  of  a  crocodile.  “It  is  muddy  and  murky  down  there.”     “It’s  an  odd  sort  of  place,”  remarked  Sophie.  “It’s  just  these  shrubby  trees  in  the  saltwater  and  hot  sun.  I  don’t  see  how  anything  could  like  living  here.”     “Let’s  ask  the  naturalist  tomorrow  about  the  wildlife  that  lives  in  this  habitat,”  suggested  Grandma.  “Then  we’ll  understand  better  about  this  ecosystem.”     When  they  finally  arrived  back  at  their  campsite,  Jean  had  a  picnic  dinner  set  out.  The  explorers  were  starved  and  ready  to  dive  into  the  food,  but  Sam  insisted  on  taking  a  shower  first.     “So,  how  was  the  walk?”  their  mom  asked  as  they  sat  down  to  eat.  After  hearing  the  story,  she  laughed  and  understood  why  Sam  was  off  taking  a  shower.  

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Fascinating  Forests       THE  NEXT  DAY  SOPHIE  AND  SAM  got  up  early  and  helped  with  breakfast  and  other  chores  so  that  everyone  would  be  ready  to  go  on  the  guided  hike.  They  had  a  list  of  questions  ready.  “Mom,  you  got  the  camera,  right?”  Sam  inquired  and  she  nodded  her  head.  “I  have  the  feeling  we  are  going  to  see  some  really  cool  stuff  today.  And  everybody  keep  your  eyes  open  for  crocodiles!”  The  family  arrived  right  on  time  for  the  hike.     “Good  afternoon.  My  name  is  Mona,”  said  the  naturalist.  “We’ll  wait  a  little  bit  before  we  begin  to  see  if  anyone  else  is  joining  us.  It  is  off-­‐season  and  midweek,  so  this  may  be  a  private  tour!”  While  they  waited,  Sophie  and  Sam  looked  over  their  questions  and  added  a  few  more.       “OK,  let’s  get  started,”  Mona  said.  “This  hike  will  introduce  you  to  the  mangrove  forest  at  the  Everglades  National  Park  and  help  you  appreciate  this  habitat’s  special  ecosystem.  Since  we  have  a  small  group  today,  how  about  we  get  started  walking  and  I  can  answer  your  questions  as  we  go?”     Sophie  leapt  at  the  opportunity.       “How  can  this  place  be  special?”  she  asked.  “We  walked  on  the  boardwalk  yesterday  and  we  only  saw  a  few  birds  and  short  twisted  trees.       Mona  smiled  as  she  recognized  the  question  from  someone  not  familiar  with  mangrove  habitats.       “OK,  there  are  at  least  three  primary  reasons  mangrove  forests  are  special.  Let’s  start  with  those  short  twisted  trees.  Did  you  notice  the  prop  roots  on  the  red  mangroves?”    “Yes,”  said  Sam.  “And  the  breathing  tubes  on  the  black  mangrove  too.”        

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  “Good,”  said  Mona.  “You’ve  noticed  the  first  special  thing  about  mangroves.  No  other  tree  can  live  in  this  salty  tidal  water.  Trees  need  oxygen  and  freshwater  to  grow,  which  is  tricky  here.  Mangroves  don’t  have  gills,  of  course,  but  they  use  these  roots  to  get  oxygen  from  the  air.  They  secrete  the  salt  through  special  glands  in  their  leaves  and  bark,  which  enables  them  to  use  water  from  the  ocean.     “And  that  tangle  of  roots  and  branches  make  the  perfect  place  to  hide  if  you  are  a  small  fish  or  a  turtle.  Mangrove  forests  are  called  “nurseries”  because  many  fish  and  other  aquatic  animals  stay  in  these  areas  when  they  are  young,”  continued  Mona.    

  “So  the  second  special  thing  about  mangroves  is  that  they  provide  critical  homes  for  hundreds  of  species  of  fish,  shrimp,  frogs,  and  other  critters.  And  in  turn  that  makes  the  mangroves  good  places  for  wading  birds,  which  eat  the  smaller  aquatic  animals,”                        

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“Oh!  And  that’s  why  we  saw  birds  yesterday:  egrets  and  a  brown  pelican,”  said  Sophie.       “And  lots  of  bird  poop,  don’t  forget  about  the  all  the  bird  poop!”  Sam  piped  up.     Sophie  giggled,  “Do  other  birds  live  here  too?”     “Sure,”  said  Mona.  “The  park  is  a  part-­‐time  home  for  roseate  spoonbills,  herons,  and  wood  storks,  too.  These  birds  come  every  season  to  nest  in  the  trees  and  feed  in  the  tidal  flats  between  mangrove  islands.”    Some  of  the  birds  that  can  be  found  in  the  Everglades:    

             

           

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  “So  what’s  the  third  special  thing  about  mangroves?”  Sam  asked.     “Back  to  those  roots  again.  Because  red  mangroves  grow  in  the  water,  they  trap  sediment  among  their  roots  and  slow  down  the  waves  during  a  storm  or  hurricane.  They  protect  the  shoreline  from  erosion.”     “So  they  help  build  the  island  they  live  on,  and  then  hang  on  to  it  during  a  storm?”  asked  Sam.       “You  are  exactly  right,”  said  Mona.  “People  have  discovered  that  coastal  areas  erode  much  faster  without  mangroves  to  protect  them.  For  a  long  time  building  along  the  shorelines  included  removing  the  mangroves,  but  now  people  understand  how  important  the  mangroves  are,  and  they  are  beginning  to  replant  mangroves  in  areas  where  development  had  removed  them.”     “That  would  be  much  of  Florida,  wouldn’t  it?”  asked  the  children’s  mother.       “Unfortunately,  yes,”  agreed  Mona.  “Mangroves  used  to  cover  the  shoreline  all  along  Florida’s  coasts,  but  now  most  of  Florida’s  mangroves  are  only  in  Collier,  Dade,  Lee,  and  Monroe  counties.  And  what  is  left  is  threatened  with  coastal  development.  People  always  want  a  view  of  the  water,  until  a  hurricane  comes  and  reminds  them  of  the  value  of  mangroves.”     Still  hoping  to  walk  on  the  beach,  Sophie  tried  to  figure  out  where  that  would  be.  “If  mangroves  protect  the  shore,  then  where  is  the  beach?”  she  asked.     “This  part  of  the  shoreline  is  mostly  muddy  tidal  flats,”  Mona  explained.  There’s  no  sandy  shoreline  like  on  the  barrier  islands.  The  mangroves,  however,  help  keep  the  land  in  place—even  along  the  rivers  and  marshy  areas.”    

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    “And  what  about  other  animals?”  asked  Sam,  who  was  still  hoping  to  see  a  crocodile  or  even  a  bear  or  panther.     “Well,”  said  Mona,  “most  of  the  mangrove  wildlife-­‐-­‐  manatees,  crocodiles,  and  otters  and  such-­‐-­‐enter  the  mangrove  forest  from  the  water.  You  saw  how  thick  and  tangled  those  trees  are!  But  some  raccoons  and  bears  also  visit  to  dine  on  the  fish  and  frogs.  Bear  usually  find  their  way  to  mangroves  where  the  forest  adjoins  a  large  park  or  forest  because,  well,”  she  said  laughing,  “bears  just  don’t  like  to  cross  highways  if  they  can  help  it!”       Just  as  Sam  was  getting  ready  to  ask  about  crocodiles,  Mona  gave  them  some  other  interesting  news.     “You  can  visit  the  mangrove  forest  from  the  water,  too,  by  renting  a  canoe.  Then  you  can  paddle  in  and  out  of  several  mangrove  

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islands  throughout  the  estuary.  There’s  a  canoe  route  with  signs  so  you  don’t  get  lost.  Just  head  down  to  the  boat  launch  and  let  the  attendant  know  you  want  a  canoe.  You  will  all  fit  into  one.”     Sam  and  Sophie  turned  immediately  and  looked  at  their  mother  and  grandmother.  “Can  we?  Please?”       The  women  looked  at  each  other  and  nodded.  “That  would  be  a  lot  of  fun  and  a  really  great  way  to  learn  more  about  the  mangroves,”  said  Grandma  Betty.     The  family  thanked  Mona  for  her  information  and  headed  off  to  rent  a  canoe  and  figure  out  when  tide  would  be  high  enough  to  give  them  the  greatest  access  to  mangrove  areas.    

                                                 

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Don’t  Dip  the  Canoe!    THE  CANOE  ATTENDANT  made  sure  they  had  life  preservers  and  that  they  understood  the  basics  of  canoe  safety.  He  even  helped  them  launch  the  canoe  into  the  water.  Right  away  they  headed  into  a  thicket  of  mangroves.  “Those  must  be  red  mangroves,  look  at  their  long  prop  roots!”  Sam  exclaimed  using  his  new  found  knowledge.  Sophie  spotted  bubbles  coming  up  from  the  water.       “Look!!  What  is  that?”     Sam  recognized  it  right  away.     “Shhh,  everybody.  It’s  a  crocodile!”  he  whispered  as  two  dark  eyes  emerged  from  the  surface  of  the  water.  It  was  so  close  they  could  have  touched  it  with  their  paddles.      

   

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  Jean  was  a  little  nervous.     “Be  still.  Don’t  rock  the  boat.  We  definitely  don’t  want  to  tip  over  right  now,”  she  said  in  a  hushed  tone.     The  croc  didn’t  seem  to  mind  the  family.  It  swam  farther  into  the  mangrove  tangle,  in  the  same  direction  that  they  were  going.    

   

  “Maybe  it  wants  to  be  our  tour  guide,”  said  Sam.  “On  your  left,  you’ll  see  the  black  mangroves.  You  can  use  their  breathing  tubes  to  shoot  spit  balls  at  your  sister,”  Sam  hissed  out  the  side  of  his  mouth,  pretending  to  be  the  crocodile.     “I  dare  you  to  reach  out  and  grab  a  tube,  Sam.  Go  on,  that  croc  won’t  mind  if  you  stick  your  hand  into  the  water  and  fish  around  a  bit.”     “Kids,”  Grandma  Betty  interrupted,  “you  know  that  we  aren’t  supposed  to  disrupt  the  plants  or  wildlife.  This  is  a  unique  place;  we’re  lucky  we  even  get  a  chance  to  see  it.  Not  to  mention  the  possibility  of  getting  your  finger  bitten  off!”     “Yes  ma’am,’’  they  said  in  unison.    

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  Suddenly  there  was  a  great  big  splash  and  everyone  looked  up.  A  huge  snake  was  swimming  through  the  water  and  closing  in  on  the  crocodile,  which  was  clearly  not  too  fond  of  the  company.  The  croc  swung  its  giant  tail  around  toward  the  fat  snake.  Little  fish  darted  off  in  every  direction  as  if  to  escape  the  impending  fight.     “Oh  my  goodness,  that’s  a  Burmese  python,”  Grandma  said.  I’ve  read  that  they  are  an  invasive  species  of  snake  that  live  in  the  mangrove  and  Everglades!”     Sophie  watched  the  creatures  ply  through  the  water  while  Sam  concentrated  on  taking  one  picture  after  another.     “Whoa!  This  is  so  cool!”  he  said,  “I  can’t  wait  to  tell  my  friends  when  we  get  home.  They  are  gonna  be  sooo  jealous!”  This  was  exactly  the  kind  of  action  Sam  was  hoping  to  see  and  he  was  glad  to  be  taking  photos.     “This  is  incredible!”  Grandma  pointed  to  the  top  of  a  black  mangrove  tree.  Everyone  looked  up  to  see  a  black  and  yellow  snake  slithering  up  to  a  bird’s  nest.       She  thumbed  through  guidebook  and  found  a  picture  of  the  snake.  “I  think  it’s  a  mangrove  water  snake!”     “Mom!  Watch!  Look  at  what  it’s  doing!”  Sophie  grabbed  her  Mom’s  sleeve  and  nearly  tipped  the  canoe.     The  children’s  mother  gasped.  “Oh,  I  hope  there  aren’t  any  chicks  in  that  nest!  Oh  this  is  terrible.”     Just  as  the  snake’s  upper  body  disappeared  into  the  nest  there  was  a  snapping  sound  as  the  small  supporting  branch  broke.  The  snake  and  nest  fell  into  the  water.       The  family  watched  in  silence  as  the  eggs,  buoyant  in  the  salt  water,  bobbed  up  and  down.  The  water  snake  surfaced,  swam  to  a  branch,  and  lifted  itself  out  of  the  water.       “Look!”  shouted  Sam,  “The  crocodile  swimming  to  the  eggs!”     “So  is  the  python!”  Sophie  chimed  in.     The  croc  began  snapping  at  the  bobbing  eggs,  but  the  snake  was  more  interested  in  the  crocodile.  The  croc  was  splashing  about,  snapping  its  jaws.  The  python  came  too  close  to  the  crocodile  and  

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with  a  whip  of  its  powerful  tail,  the  croc  claimed  its  territory;  the  python  swam  off,  defeated.  The  crocodile  attempted  to  snap  up  the  remaining  eggs,  but  it  was  nearly  impossible,  due  to  their  shape  and  tendency  to  float.  It  quickly  lost  interest  in  the  eggs  and  swam  away.  The  canoe  rocked  gently  in  the  swells  caused  by  the  commotion.  Sam  was  already  reviewing  the  photos  he  had  taken.     “Look  at  this  one,  Mom!  It  looks  like  the  snake  is  going  to  bite  the  croc!”    

        “Let  me  see,  Sam.”  Sophie  was  glad  her  brother  had  remembered  to  bring  along  the  camera  so  they  could  show  their  friends  proof  of  their  great  adventure.     “Oh  wow!  Nice  photos.  Mom,  can  we  get  doubles  printed?  These  are  so  going  into  my  scrapbook!”  

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  “Sure.  We’ll  only  print  the  good  ones  though.  I  think  Sam  took  about  hundred  of  them!  Whew,  it’s  really  getting  hot  and  I’m  about  ready  for  lunch.  How  about  you  all?”     “Yeah!  I’m  starved,”  they  exclaimed.     “How  about  egg  salad?”  Grandma  asked.  They  all  erupted  in  laughter  as  they  paddled  their  canoe  through  the  mangrove  forest  toward  the  campgrounds.     They  had  one  more  day  at  the  park  and  spent  it  walking  on  various  trails  and  reading  the  interpretive  signs,  where  they  learned  a  lot  more  about  mangrove  forests  and  surrounding  habitats.  However,  the  adventure  in  the  canoe  remained  the  highlight  of  the  vacation.     Sam  did  not  find  the  trip  home  as  boring  as  he  had  the  trip  south.  He  spent  his  time  reviewing  the  photos  he  took  and  erasing  the  ones  that  were  out  of  focus  or  poorly  framed.     The  family  agreed  that  the  trip  had  been  one  of  the  best  vacations  they’d  been  on,  and  they  all  wanted  to  go  camping  again  at  another  park  as  soon  as  they  had  time.                                                  

 

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Places  to  see  mangrove  forests  in  Florida:      There  are  many  places  to  visit  mangrove  forest  ecosystems.  Trails  in  Everglades  National  Park,  John  Pennekamp  Coral  Reef  State  Park,  Collier  Seminole  State  Park  and  Ding  Darling  National  Wildlife  Refuge  are  just  a  few  places  to  view  this  fascinating  natural  community.        

Tree  and  Plant  List    Dominant  Trees:  ·  Black  mangrove  ·  Red  mangrove  ·  White  mangrove    Associated  Trees:  ·  Buttonwood  ·  Fishpoison  tree    Companion  Plants:  ·  Nickerwood  ·  Perennial  glasswort  ·  Saltwort  ·  Sea  blite  ·  Sea  daisy  ·  Sea  purslane            

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Links  to  learn  more:      Mangroves  Fact  Sheet  from  Electronic  Data  Information  Source  of  UF/IFAS  Extension-­‐-­‐  http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in195      Blue  Planet  Biomes  http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/mangrove_forests.htm        National  Park  Service  -­‐-­‐  http://www.nps.gov/ever/naturescience/mangroves.htm      Florida  Department  of  Environmental  Protection-­‐-­‐  http://www.dep.state.fl.us/coastal/habitats/mangroves.htm